purushottam dashrath borate & anr v. state of maharashtra
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REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CRIMINAL APPEAL No. 1439 OF 2013
PURUSHOTTAM DASHRATH BORATE & ANR. …APPELLANT(S)
ERSUS
STATE OF MAHARASHTRA …RESPONDENT(S)
J U D ! M E N T
H.L. DATTU" CJI.
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o+*+. P+o-,-$o/ o5 %o,$- /* %-'$/ o-
,+$$/ '+o,$8$- %- -# o,- o5 : :#$,#
,#$8* $'o%$/ ''+o'+$- %/-/,.
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T#+5o+" $/ -#$% ,o/--" -# 8$- 5/,-$o/ -#-
-#$% Co+- $% +?$+* -o *$%,#+ $% -o o* -#
%/-/,$/ %%- -o - -#$% ,#/. T# 5,-%
/* $8/ ,$+,%-/,% $/ ,# ,%" -# /-+ o5
-# ,+$" -# //+ $/ :#$,# $- :% '//* /*
,o$--*" -# o-$8 5o+ ,o$%%$o/ o5 -# ,+$"
-# ,o/*,- o5 -# ,,%* /* o-#+ --/*$/
,$+,%-/,% + +8/- 5,-% :#$,# :o* /-+
$/-o -# + o5 ,o/%$*+-$o/. B%* o/ -# 5,-%
o5 -# ,%" -#$% Co+- $% +?$+* -o %-+/
:#+ $- %#o* /* -'+* :$-# +, :#+
:++/-*.
24. I/ -#$% ,o/--" $- :o* '+o5$-
-o /o-$, -# //+ $/ :#$,# -#$% Co+- #%
,o/%$*+* -# %/-/,$/ 'o$, vis%&%vis ,+-$/
+8-$/ /* $-$-$/ ,$+,%-/,%.
25. I/ -# ,% o5 'a"naresh v. State of
Chhattisgarh( (2012) 4 SCC 27
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,% (%'+) -o , o- ,+-$/ '+$/,$'%
o8+/$/ +8-$/ /* $-$-$/ ,$+,%-/,%.
I- :o* /5$,$ -o +5+ -o -# %
#+$/o:@
)ggravating circu"stances
*+, The offences relating to the co""ission
of heinous cri"es li-e "urder( rae( ar"ed
dacoity( -idnaing( etc. by the accused
/ith a rior record of conviction for
caital felony or offences co""itted by the
erson having a substantial history of
serious assaults and cri"inal convictions.
*0, The offence /as co""itted /hile the
offender /as engaged in the co""ission of another serious offence.
*1, The offence /as co""itted /ith the
intention to create a fear sychosis in the
ublic at large and /as co""itted in a
ublic lace by a /eaon or device /hich
clearly could be ha2ardous to the life of
"ore than one erson.
*3, The offence of "urder /as co""itted for
ranso" or li-e offences to receive "oney or
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26
"onetary benefits.
*4, 5ired -illings.
*6, The offence /as co""itted outrageously
for /ant only /hile involving inhu"ane
treat"ent and torture to the victi".
*7, The offence /as co""itted by a erson
/hile in la/ful custody.
*8, The "urder or the offence /as co""itted
to revent a erson la/fully carrying out
his duty li-e arrest or custody in a lace
of la/ful confine"ent of hi"self or another.
9or instance( "urder is of a erson /ho had
acted in la/ful discharge of his duty under
Section 31 CrPC.
*:, When the cri"e is enor"ous in roortion
li-e "a-ing an atte"t of "urder of the
entire fa"ily or "e"bers of a articular
co""unity.
*+;, When the victi" is innocent( helless
or a erson relies uon the trust of
relationshi and social nor"s( li-e a child(
helless /o"an( a daughter or a niece
staying /ith a father
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27
*++, When "urder is co""itted for a "otive
/hich evidences total deravity and
"eanness.
*+0, When there is a cold%blooded "urder
/ithout rovocation.
*+1, The cri"e is co""itted so brutally that
it ric-s or shoc-s not only the judicial
conscience but even the conscience of the
society.
Mitigating circu"stances
*+, The "anner and circu"stances in and
under /hich the offence /as co""itted( for
e=a"le( e=tre"e "ental or e"otional
disturbance or e=tre"e rovocation in
contradistinction to all these situations in
nor"al course.
*0, The age of the accused is a relevant
consideration but not a deter"inative factor
by itself.
*1, The chances of the accused of not
indulging in co""ission of the cri"e again
and the robability of the accused being
refor"ed and rehabilitated.
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*3, The condition of the accused sho/s that
he /as "entally defective and the defect
i"aired his caacity to areciate the
circu"stances of his cri"inal conduct.
*4, The circu"stances /hich( in nor"al
course of life( /ould render such a
behaviour ossible and could have the effect
of giving rise to "ental i"balance in that
given situation li-e ersistent harass"entor( in fact( leading to such a ea- of hu"an
behaviour that( in the facts and
circu"stances of the case( the accused
believed that he /as "orally justified in
co""itting the offence.
*6, Where the court uon roer areciation
of evidence is of the vie/ that the cri"e
/as not co""itted in a reordained "anner
and that the death resulted in the course of
co""ission of another cri"e and that there
/as a ossibility of it being construed as
conse!uences to the co""ission of the
ri"ary cri"e.
*7, Where it is absolutely unsafe to rely
uon the testi"ony of a sole eye/itness
though the rosecution has brought ho"e the
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29
guilt of the accused.>
26. F+-#+" $- #% / #* -#$% Co+-
-#- /* %'-# -o $'o% $/*?- %/-/,
:o* *o o+ #+ -o -# %-$, %%-
/*+$/$/ -# '$, ,o/5$*/, $/ -# 55$,, o5
: S Mahesh v. State of M.P." (19
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,,%* o5 +- +' /* +*+ o5 *. I-
:% 5o/*" *$, 8$*/," -#- -# *,%*
-#+$/ :% 8$,-$ o5 8$o/- +' '+$o+ -o
*-# /* -# *-# :% ,%* * -o %
%'#$-$o/. F+-#+" -# *$, +'o+- 5o/* -#-
-# o* o5 -# *,%* #% %8+ +%$o/% /*
,+-$o/%. T#$% Co+-" /o-$,$/ -# +- /*
8$o/- //+ o5 ,o$%%$o/ o5 -# o55/,%
,o/5$+* -# *-# %/-/, -o -# ,,%* -#+$/.
I- :% #* -#-@
=83. s has been indicated by the courts
belo/( the antecedents of the aellant
and his subse!uent conduct indicates
that he is a "enace to the society and
is incaable of rehabilitation. The
offences co""itted by the aellant /ere
neither under duress nor on rovocation
and an innocent life /as snuffed out by
hi" after co""itting violent rae on the
victi". ...>
28. I/ -# Seva-a Peru"al ,% (%'+)" -#
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31
,o/% 5o+ -# ''/-% -#+$/ ,o/-/** -#-
,o/%$*+$/ -# o/ o5 -# ,,%*" -# %
:o* %-+o/ $-$-$/ 5,-o+ $/ 58o+ o5
,o--$o/ o5 *-# %/-/,. I- :% ,o/-/**
-#+$/ -#- -# ,,%* :+ -# +*:$//+% o5
-#$+ 5$ :#$,# ,o/%$%-* o5 o/ :$5" $/o+
,#$* /* * '+/-%. Ho:8+" -#$% Co+-" 5$/*$/
/o 5o+, $/ -# %$* ,o/-/-$o/" o%+8* -#- %,#
,o'%%$o/- +o/*% + '+%/- $/ o%- ,%% /*
+ /o- +8/- 5o+ $/-+5+/, $/ :+*$/ *-#
%/-/,. T# '+$/,$' -#- :#/ -# o55/, $%
+%o /* :% ,o$--* $/ ,,-* /*
*$o$, //+" -# o5 -# ,,%* /o-
+8/- 5,-o+" :% 5+-#+ 55$+*
-#+;J* B/,# o5 -#$% Co+- $/ Mofil >han ,%
(%'+).
29. I/ 8$: o5 -# 5o+%$* *,$%$o/%
#$#$#-$/ -# ''+o,# o5 -#$% Co+-" : :o*
/o: ,o/%$*+ -# *,$%$o/ o5 -# Co+-% o:" $/
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32
-# '+%/- ,%. T# S%%$o/% Co+- #% /o-$,*
%$$+$- :$-# -# '+%/- ,% /* -# *,$%$o/ o5
-#$% Co+- $/ -# ,% o5 Dhananjoy Chatterjee
(%'+). T#+5o+" $/ $#- o5 -# %" -#
S%%$o/% Co+- #% #* -#- -# '+%/- ,% :o*
+$- %/-/, o5 *-# '/- /* /o %%. T#
S%%$o/ Co+- #% o%+8*@=... @n resent case( accused driver
along/ith co%accused co""itted rae and
"urder of helless and defenceless young
girl /ho /as reosing co"lete faith and
trust on the" by carefully lanning the
cri"e and e=ecuting it in barbaric "anner.
Ta-ing the verdict in the "atter of Dhananjoy Chatterjee *sura, as yardstic-(
there is no hesitation to ut on record
that the case at hand is the rarest of
rare case /arranting nothing else but the
death enalty to the accused ersons. ...>
30. T# H$# Co+-" -# $'/* */-
/* o+*+" #% ,o/,++* :$-# -# 5$/*$/% +,o+**
-# S%%$o/% Co+- $/ +%',- o5 -# ,#$/ o5
-
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33
,$+,%-/,% $/ ,+ /* $/,o/-+o8+-$
%-$%#* -# '+o%,-$o/. $-# ++* -o -#
/, %#- o5 +8-$/ /* $-$-$/
,$+,%-/,%" -# H$# Co+- #%" $/ **$-$o/ -o
-# 5$/*$/ /* o%+8-$o/% o5 -# S%%$o/% Co+-"
#* -#- -# +8-$/ ,$+,%-/,% 5+ o-:$#
-# $-$-$/ ,$+,%-/,%. T#+5o+" -# H$#
Co+- #% +,o+** -#- -#+ $% /o -+/-$8 -
-o ,o/5$+ -# *-# %/-/, % :+** -#
S%%$o/% Co+-%.
31. A- -#$% /,-+" $- :o* '+-$//-
-o /o-$, -# Dhananjoy Chatterjee ,% (%'+). A%
/o-$,* o8" -# %$* ,% #% / /o-$,* -#
S%%$o/% Co+-" $/ -# '+%/- ,%" % +$/
+- %$$+$- -o -# 5,-% #+$/. I/ -#
Dhananjoy Chatterjee ,% (%'+)" -# ,,%* :%
,o/8$,-* 5o+ -# +- +' /* +*+ o5 o/
$+ * o- 1 +%. T# ,,%*;-#+$/ :%
'o* % %,+$- +* o5 -# $*$/ :#+
-
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34
-# *,%* +%$** /* -#+5o+ :% /-+%-*
:$-# -# /o -% o5 /%+$/ #+ %5- /*
%,+$-. T# +%o/$/ -#+$/ #% /
$/%-+/- $/ o*$/ -# %/-/,$/ 'o$, o5
-#$% Co+- /* -#+5o+ $- :o* $/5 -o
+'+o*, -# +8/- '++'#% 5+o -# %$* ,%
o:@
=+4. @n our oinion( the "easure of
unish"ent in a given case "ust deend
uon the atrocity of the cri"eA the
conduct of the cri"inal and the
defenceless and unrotected state of the
victi". @"osition of aroriate
unish"ent is the "anner in /hich the
courts resond to the societys cry for
justice against the cri"inals. ?ustice
de"ands that courts should i"ose
unish"ent befitting the cri"e so that
the courts reflect ublic abhorrence of
the cri"e. The courts "ust not only -ee
in vie/ the rights of the cri"inal but
also the rights of the victi" of cri"e
and the society at large /hile
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35
considering i"osition of aroriate
unish"ent.
+6. The sordid eisode of the security
guard( /hose sacred duty /as to ensure
the rotection and /elfare of the
inhabitants of the flats in the
aart"ent( should have subjected the
deceased( a resident of one of the
flats( to gratify his lust and "urder
her in retaliation for his transfer on
her co"laint( "a-es the cri"e even "ore
heinous. >eeing in vie/ the "edical
evidence and the state in /hich the body
of the deceased /as found( it is obvious
that a "ost heinous tye of barbaric
rae and "urder /as co""itted on a
helless and defenceless school%going
girl of +8 years. @f the security guards
behave in this "anner /ho /ill guard the
guards The faith of the society by such
a barbaric act of the guard( gets
totally sha-en and its cry for justice
beco"es loud and clear. The offence /as
not only inhu"an and barbaric but it /as
a totally ruthless cri"e of rae
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36
follo/ed by cold blooded "urder and an
affront to the hu"an dignity of the
society. The savage nature of the cri"e
has shoc-ed our judicial conscience.
There are no e=tenuating or "itigating
circu"stances /hatsoever in the case. We
agree that a real and abiding concern
for the dignity of hu"an life is
re!uired to be -et in "ind by the
courts /hile considering the
confir"ation of the sentence of death
but a cold blooded relanned brutal
"urder( /ithout any rovocation( after
co""itting rae on an innocent and
defenceless young girl of +8 years( by
the security guard certainly "a-es this
case a )rarest of the rare cases /hich
calls for no unish"ent other than the
caital unish"ent and /e accordingly
confir" the sentence of death i"osed
uon the aellant for the offence under
Section 1;0 @PC. The order of sentencei"osed on the aellant by the courts
belo/ for offences under Sections 176
and 18; @PC are also confir"ed along
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37
/ith the directions relating thereto as
in the event of the e=ecution of the
aellant( those sentences /ould only
re"ain of acade"ic interest. This aeal
fails and is hereby dis"issed.>
32. I- :o* /o: /,%%+ 5o+ -#$% Co+-
-o ,o/%$*+ -# /, %#- o5 +8-$/ /*
$-$-$/ ,$+,%-/,%. I/ -# $/%-/- ,%" -#
+/* ,o/% 5o+ -# ,,%*;''/-% #% $*
%-+%% 'o/ -# o5 -# ,,%* '+%o/%" -#$+
5$ ,+o/* /* , o5 ,+$$/ /-,*/-%.
F+-#+" -# +/* ,o/% #% 5+8/- ,o/-/**
-#- -# ,,%*;''/-% + ,' o5
+5o+-$o/ /* -#+5o+ %#o* :+** -#
$#-+ '/$%#/- o5 $5 $'+$%o//-.
33. I/ o+ ,o/%$*+* 8$:" $/ -# 5,-% o5
-# '+%/- ,%" o/ ,//o- '+o/-
,o/%$*+-$o/ % $-$-$/ ,$+,%-/,.
S$$+" 5$ ,+o/* o5 -# ,,%* %o
,o* /o- %$* -o $-$-$/ ,$+,%-/,.
-
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38
I/%o5+ % A,,%* No.1 $% ,o/,+/*" $- #% /
,o/-/** -#- # :% #''$ ++$* /* #$% :$5
:% '+//- - -# +8/- -$. Ho:8+" -#
A,,%* No.1 *$* /o- - $/-o ,o/%$*+-$o/ -#
,o/*$-$o/ o5 #$% :$5 o+ #$% o-#+ :#$ ,o$--$/
-# %$* o55/, /*" % +%-" #$% :$5 *%+-*
#$ /* #$% :$*o:* o-#+ $% $/ oo* 5-+
#$% /'#: /* /$,. I/%o5+ % A,,%* No.2 $%
,o/,+/*" # #% -:o %$%-+% :#o + oo$/ 5-+
#$% :$*o:* o-#+. L, o5 ,+$$/ /-,*/-%
%o ,//o- ,o/%$*+* % $-$-$/
,$+,%-/," '+-$,+ -$/ $/-o
,o/%$*+-$o/" -# /-+ o5 #$/o% o55/, /*
,o* /* ,,-* //+ $/ :#$,# $- :% ,o$--*
-# ,,%* '+%o/%.
34. I/ o+ ,o/%$*+* 8$:" -# =++%- o5
-# ++> ,% $%-% :#/ / ,,%* :o*
/, o+" -#+- -o /* $/,o'-$ :$-# #+o/
$/ -# %o,$-. I/ ,% :#+ -# ,,%* *o% /o-
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39
,- o/ '+o8o,-$o/ o+ o/ -# %'+ o5 -# o/-" -
-$,o% ,-% *$+-" ,o*;oo** /*
'+;'//* ,+$" $8$/ %,/- ++* -o -#
,o/%?/,% o5 -# %" -# '+,+$o% /, $/
-# %/-/,$/ 'o$, 8o8* o+ ,+$$/
+$%'+*/, :o* -$- #8$ -o:+*% -# *-#
%/-/,. T#$% Co+- $% $/*5 o5 -# %--*
'+$/,$' -#- ,+$$/ : +?$+% %-+$,-
*#+/, -o -# + o5 '+o'o+-$o/$- $/ :+*$/
'/$%#/-" /* -# % %- $/ ,,o+*/, :$-#
-# ,'$$- o5 -# ,+$$/ ,-. F+-#+o+"
-#$% Co+- $% %o ,o/%,$o% -o -# 55,-" o5 /o-
:+*$/ %- '/$%#/-" o/ -# %o,$-.
37. I/ -# '+%/- 5,- -+$" A,,%*
No.1 *,-* -# *,%* :$-# #' o5 A,,%*
No.2" /* %%?/- -# +'* /* +*+* #+.
T# *$* /o- %#o: / ++-" %o++o: o+ +'/-/,
- / 'o$/- o5 -$ *+$/ -# ,o$%%$o/ o5 -#
#$/o% o55/," /o+ -#+5-+" +-#+ -# ,-*
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$/ *$%-+$/ /o+ //+ 5-+ ,o$%%$o/ o5
,+$. I- #% / %-$%#* %-+o/ /* ,o/-
8$*/, -#- 5-+ -# ,o$%%$o/ o5 -# +%o
,+$" A,,%* No.2 ,,o'/$* A,,%* No.1 5o+ -#
%,o/* '$, ' /* $-* -# , o/ '+$o+ -o
+,#$/ -# - o5 -# Co'/. F+-#+" $- #%
/ +o#- o/ +,o+* -#- -# A,,%* No.1
--'-* -o ,+- 5% +,o+* o5 -# :#+o-%
o5 -# , /* -# ,% o5 -# * $/ ++$8$/ -
-# :o+',. I/ **$-$o/" $- #% / /o-$,* -#-
8/ -#o# -# ,,%*;''/-% :+ %/
P;12" -#- -# *,%* +'-* ?%-$o/* -#
o5 -# /% +o-" o+ -#- -# *,%* :%
-$/ -o 5+$/* o/ -# '#o/ *+$/ -# o+/"
/o-#$/ *-++* -# 5+o ,o$--$/ -# #$/o%
o55/,%. I/ 5,- -# S%%$o/% Co+- #% /o-$,*
-#- *+$/ -# ,o$%%$o/ o5 -# o55/,%" -#
,,%*;''/-% :+ ,o/-,-* P;11 %$/
/ '/-$o/ 5o+ -# * $/ '$,$/ #$ '"
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#o:8+ 8/ -#$% *$* /o- *-+ -#.36. T#%" -# //+ $/ :#$,# -# ,o$%%$o/
o5 -# o55/, :% %o -$,o% /* ,+5
'//* ,o'* :$-# -# %#+ +-$- /* '-#
5o+ #/$- $/ -# ,-$o/ o5 -# o55/," $/
8+ '+o$$- -# #8 'o-/, -o ,o$-
%$$+ o55/, $/ 5-+. I- $% ,+ -#- o-# -#
,,%* '+%o/% #8 / '+o8* -o /, -o
%o,$- :#$,# %-+o/ /-% -# '+o$$- -#-
-# ,/ +5o+* o+ +#$$--*. I/ o+
,o/%$*+* o'$/$o/" -# $-$-$/ ,$+,%-/,% +
:#o %/- $/ -# '+%/- 5,- -+$. T#$%
'' $% /o- ,% :#+ -# o55/, :% ,o$--*
-# ,,%* '+%o/% /*+ $/5/, o5 -+
/- o+ o-$o/ *$%o+*+" /o+ $% $- ,% :#+
-# o55/, +* -o ,+$ o5 '%%$o/
o+ o/ ,o$--* - -# %'+ o5 -# o/-. T#+ $%
/o ?%-$o/ o5 ,,%* '+%o/% $8$/ -#- -#
:+ o+ %-$5$* $/ ,o$--$/ -# o55/, o/
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#'%% /* *5/,%% o/ :o/.37. T#+5o+" $/ 8$: o5 -# o8 /*
'$/ -# 5o+%$* '+$/,$' o5 '+o'o+-$o/$-
o5 %/-/, $/ $/*" -#$% Co+- $% $/ +/- :$-#
-# +%o/$/ o5 -# Co+-% o: -#- -# -+
*'+8$- :$-# :#$,# -# *,%* :% *o/ -o *-#
,o'* :$-# -# o-#+ 5,-o+% $/,*$/ -#
'o%$-$o/ o5 -+%- #* -# A,,%* No.1" :o*
-$- -# /, -:/ -# +8-$/ /*
$-$-$/ ,$+,%-/,% +- $/%- -#
,,%*;''/-%. T# +%o ,- o5 +'$/
8$,-$ :#o #* +'o%* #+ -+%- $/ -# ,,%*
5oo:* ,o*;oo** /* +- +*+ o5 -#
%$* 8$,-$ ,o'* :$-# -# ,,-* /*
+o+%%% ,o/*,- o5 -# ,,%* '+%o/% 5-+ -#
,o$%%$o/ o5 -# o55/," : ,//o- +%$%- 5+o
,o/,*$/ -#- -# *'+8$- o5 -# ''/-%
o55/, :o* --+,- /o %%+ %/-/, -#/ -#
*-# '/-.
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38. I/ **$-$o/ -o -# o8" $- :o*
/,%%+ 5o+ -#$% Co+- -o /o-$, -# $',- o5 -#
,+$ o/ -# ,o/$- /* '+-$,+ :o/
:o+$/ $/ -# /$#- %#$5-% - P/" :#$,# $%
,o/%$*+* % # o5 I/5o+-$o/ T,#/oo
C/-+. I/ +,/- +%" -# +$%$/ ,+$ +-"
'+-$,+ 8$o/- ,+$% $/%- :o/ #% *
-# ,+$$/ %/-/,$/ -# Co+-% %,- o5
,o/,+/. T# %/-/,$/ 'o$, *o'-* -#
Co+-%" $/ %,# ,%%" o#- -o #8 %-+$,-+
+*%-$, %o % -o ,- % *-++/-. T#+ +
%#o,$/ + /+ o5 ,%% :#+ -# %/-/,
o5 '/$%#/- :+** -o -# ,,%* $% /o- $/
'+o'o+-$o/ -o -# +8$- /* /$-* o5 -#
o55/, -#+ /,o+$/ -# ,+$$/ /* $/ -#
-$- $/ %-$, %55+ :/$/ -#
%%-% ,+*$$$-. T# o,- o5 %/-/,$/
'o$, %#o* -o % -#- -# ,+$ *o% /o- o
/'/$%#* /* -# 8$,-$ o5 ,+$ % %o -#
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%o,$- #% -# %-$%5,-$o/ -#- %-$, #% /
*o/ -o $-. I/ -# ,% o5 Machhi Singh (%'+)"
-#$% Co+- o%+8* -#- -# -+ '/$%#/- o5
*-# :o* %-$5$* /* /,%%+ $/ ,%%
:#+ -# ,o,-$8 ,o/%,$/, o5 %o,$- $% %o
%#o,* -#- $- :$ ',- -# #o*+% o5 *$,$
'o:+ -o $/5$,- *-# '/- $++%',-$8 o5 -#$+
'+%o/ o'$/$o/.
39. I- $% -+ -#- / ,% o5 +' /*
+*+ :o* ,% %#o, -o -# %o,$- -
%,# o55/,% /o- ,% +8%$o/ $/ %o,$-.
C+-$/ o55/,% %#o, -# ,o,-$8 ,o/%,$/, o5
-# ,o+- /* ,o/$-. T# #$/o% o55/, o5
/;+' o5 / $//o,/- /* #'%% o/ :o/
-#o% $/ :#o %# #* +'o%* -+%-" 5oo:*
,o*;oo** +*+ /* ,,-* --'- o5
,o8+;' $% o/ %,# $/%-/, o5 ,+$ :#$,#
%#o,% /* +'%% -# ,o,-$8 ,o/%,$/, o5 -#
,o/$- /* -# ,o+-. T#+5o+" $/ $#- o5 -#
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5o+%$* %--* '+$/,$'" -#$% Co+- #% /o
#%$--$o/ $/ #o*$/ -#- -#$% ,% 5% :$-#$/
-# ,-o+ o5 =++%- o5 ++>" :#$,# +$-% *-#
'/- /* /o/ %. T# ,o,-$8 ,o/%,$/, o5
-# ,o/$- $% %o %#o,* -#$% ,+$ -#-
$'o%$/ -+/- %/-/," i.e. %/-/, o5 $5
$'+$%o//- o/ -# ,,%* '+%o/% :o* /o- -
-# /*% o5 %-$,. R-#+" $- :o* -'- o-#+
'o-/-$ o55/*+% -o ,o$- %,# ,+$ /* -
: :$-# -# %%+G$#-+ '/$%#/- o5 $5
$'+$%o//-.
40. I/ -# +%-" 5-+ #8$/ ,+$-$,
''+,$-* -# /-$+ 8$*/, o/ +,o+* % : %
-# */-% o5 -# Co+-% o: $/ +- *-$"
: + $/ +/- :$-# -# +%o/% +,o+** -#
-+$ ,o+- /* ''+o8* -# H$# Co+- :#$
:+*$/ /* ,o/5$+$/ -# *-# %/-/, o5 -#
,,%*;''/-%. I/ o+ ,o/%$*+* 8$:" -#
*/- /* o+*+ '%%* -# Co+-% o: *o%
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/o- %55+ 5+o / ++o+ :#-%o8+.
41. T#+5o+" -#$% '' $% +,-* /*
-# %/-/, o5 *-# :+** -o -#
,,%*;''/-% $% ,o/5$+*. T# */- /*
o+*+ '%%* -# H$# Co+- $% ,,o+*$/
55$+*.
42. T# '' $% *$%'o%* o5 $/ -#
5o+%$* -+%.
O+*+* ,,o+*$/.
.............CJI.(H.L. DATTU)
...............J.(S.A. BOBDE)
...............J.(ARUN MISHRA)
NE DELHI MAK 0" 2017.
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