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PreparingScien,ficPapersforPublica,on
A.TownsendPetersonUniversityofKansas
OverallPublishingProcess• Writethepaper• Edit/proofthemanuscript• Formatforthejournal• Submittothejournal• EditordecidesiniAallyandsendsouttoreview• ReviewersprovidesuggesAonsandcriAcisms• Editordecideswhethertoaccept– …canrepeatseveralAmes
• Authorrevises• Finalacceptance• Proofssenttoauthor• Authorcorrects• Authorsignscopyrighttransferagreement• PublicaAon
WRITING–STRUCTUREANDORDER
ScopingthePaper
ShortandSweet• Advantages
– Easytowrite– Simplemessage– “More”publicaAonsonyour
CV• Disadvantages
– Dilutesthemessage– Readerhastosearchforthe
wholestoryacrossmanypapers
– LessimpactperpublicaAon
LongandComplete• Advantages
– Wholestoryisthereinoneplace
– GreaterpotenAalimpact
• Disadvantages– Moredifficulttoorganizeand
write– Messagecangetcomplex– FewerpublicaAonsonyour
CV
PickingaJournal• Withadvisorsandcolleagues,decideontheopAmaloutletforyourpaper
• Aimtoohigh:– WasteyourAme– Wastereviewers’andeditors’Ame
• Aimtoolow:– Lesscreditforyou– LessaUenAontoyourwork
• JournalcharacterisAcs– Subjectfocus– Previouspaperspublished– Impactfactor– AccesspoliAcs(seetheendofthispresentaAon)
WriAng–StructureandOrder• SuggestedorderofwriAng:– Figures/Tables– Methods/Results– IntroducAon/Discussion– Abstract
• LastparagraphofIntroducAonshouldbegin“Thispaper…”andshouldstateclearlythepurposeofthepaper
• Length–carenottobeoverlylonginIntroducAonandDiscussion
• RepeAAon–noneedtorepeatpartsofIntroducAoninDiscussion,orpartsofResultsinDiscussion
TECHNOLOGYASSISTS
TechnologyAssists–GoogleDocs
TechnologyAssists–GoogleGroups
TechnologyAssists-EndNote
FreeTechnologyAssists-Mendeley
Anotherpossibility:hUp://www.zotero.org/-referencemanager,alsofree
WORDSTOAVOID
WordstoAvoidI• While:Don’tusethiswordtomeanalthough,whereas,and,orbut,anddon’t
useitwhereonlyasemicolonisnecessary.Whilemeans“duringtheAmethat”andshouldbeusedtolinksimultaneousoccurrencesininstancesinwhichsimultaneityisthepoint.
• E.g.,i.e.:TheabbreviaAone.g.means“forexample”(exempligra4a)andintroducesanillustraAveinstanceorashortlistofnamesorotheritems.TheabbreviaAoni.e.means“thatis”(idest)andintroducesarepeAAonindifferentwordsoftheideasjustdiscussed
• Compose,comprise:CompriseexpressestherelaAonofthelargertothesmaller,nottheotherwayaround(thinkofcompriseasmeaningtoembraceortakein).Thewholecomprisestheparts;thewholeiscomposedofitsparts.Thepartscomposethewholeandarecomprisedinit.Donotusecomprisedof.
• Because,since,as:BecauseisthemostspecificoftheconjuncAonsusedtoexpressreasonorcause.ItalwaysindicatesanunequivocalcausalrelaAonship.Sinceisoaenaweakformofbecause.ItalsocontainsanoAonofduraAonoverAmethatbecausedoesnot.Usesincewhenthemeaningofwhatfollowsitisimpliedbywhatprecedesit.Usingastomeansinceorbecauseisalwaysfeeble.Itmakeswhateverfollowssoundtrivial.
• Although,though:Inmostusesthesewordsareinterchangeable,butitmaybebesttobeginclauseswithalthough,sinceitismoreemphaAc,andtousethoughtoconnectelementswithinaclause.(Althoughintelligent,hecouldnotapplyhimself.Shewasbornofpoorthoughwell-educatedparents.)
WordstoAvoidII• Very:Thiswordisalmostalwayscompletelyunnecessaryinsentences.
Thatis,thestatements“valuesoftheindexwereveryhigh”and“valuesoftheindexwerehigh”communicatethesameinformaAonwithoutthehyperbole.
• Thereis/thereare:ThissortofconstrucAon.E.g.,“therearethirtybirdssicngonthewire”canbereplacedbyamoredirectstatement…“thirtybirdsaresicngonthewire.”
• This/these/thoseasnouns:“This,”“these,”and“those”aremodifiers,andshouldnotbeusedasnouns.
• Passiveversusac,veverbs:Most(butnotall)usesofthepassiveformofverbscanandshouldbetransformedintoacAveforms.Forinstance“thisbirdwasprocessedbyXJVapproaches”canberestatedas“weusedXJVapproachestoprocessthisbird.”
• Etal.:ThisconstrucAonisderivedfromtheLaAnetalterafor“andothers.”Itisfrequentlymisusedinavarietyofuncarefulways:“Johnsonetal2004”(forgecngtheabbreviaAonofaltera),“Johnsonetall2004,”etc.
WordstoAvoidIII• Dueto:MostusesofthisconstrucAonshouldbereplacedwith“owingto.”
“Dueto”impliesthatsomequanAtyshouldbepaidtoorisowedto,whereasthecorrectmeaningisoneofcausaAon.
• SpacesaPerperiodandcolon:AlthoughtradiAonaltypesecng(andprobablymanyofyourcomposiAonclasses)requiredtwospacesaaerperiodsandcolons,moderntypesecngisnotinneedoftheseextraspaces.Mostimportantly,however,isTOBECONSISTENT…
• Bri,shversusUSspelling:Perhapsneitherisuniversallycorrect,butoneortheothershouldbeusedconsistentlythroughouttheenAredocument.Ideally,usethestyledemandedbythejournalforwhichyouarewriAng.– Centre/centerTheatre/theater– Behaviour/behavior– Acknowledgement/acknowledgment– Whilst/whileAnalyse/Analyze
• Hyphenatedcompoundmodifiers:Hyphensconnectthewordsofacompoundmodifierthatcomebeforethewordbeingmodified.Hyphensarenotusedthiswaywithcompoundpartsendingin-lyormadeupofpropernounsorproperadjecAves.“Heisawell-respectedman”,“Thatmaniswellrespected”,“Thatwasabadlypunctuatedsentence”,and“TheSouthAmericanrainforestishometohundredsofspeciesofhummingbirds”arecorrect.
WordstoAvoidIV• Where:Whereimpliesalocality,posiAon,ordirecAon.Donotusefor
“inwhich”or“forwhich”.“PredaAononsmallprey,wheremanyindividualsmustbecapturedperdive,islimitedtoshallowdepths.”Replace“where”with“inwhich”.
• Predate:Predatemeansto“dateinadvance”.Theverbderivedfrom“predaAon”is“depredate”.
• Monophyle,cclade:Acladeis,bydefiniAon,monophyleAc.Savespaceandomitthisredundancy.
• Data:Theworddataisplural.Thesingularisdatum.• The:Theisoverused.WhenediAng,thinkaboutwhetherornotthe
placementofevery“the”isnecessary.• Splitinfini,ves:Toblatantlydividetheword“to”fromtheverbthatit
accompaniesbyanadverbisanuglyconstrucAon.• Hyphensanddashes:Hyphensareusedwithintexttobuildcompound
modifiers(e.g.,“early-careerprofessionals),n-dashesareusedtoindicaterangesofnumbers(e.g.,4–5),m-dashesareusedwithinsentences(e.g.,“Iate—morethananything—becauseIwashungry”).
FIGURES
Figures-Technology
• SaveAIversion(orGISoriginalor…)• ExportJPGversionforreview
ColorversusBlack-and-white
• ColorismuchbeUerforinterpretability• Canusecolorforreview,andsubsAtuteB&WforpublicaAon
• CanusecolorinelectronicpublicaAonversion,andB&Winhard-copyversion(ifthereisone)
• However,printinB&Wtomakesureitisinterpretablewithoutcolor,incasereviewersdonotprintincolor…youwantthemtobeabletoreadthefigure!
Figures–ColorsandColorblindness• hUp://colorbrewer2.org/
Structure–MakingReadersRefertoCapAons
GoodBad
Figures–Format• Atendofmanuscript• FigureLegendspage• Thenonefigureperpage
TABLES
Tables–TryNotTo
• Minimaluseoftablesisbest• MostinformaAonintablescanbeexpressedbeUerinavisual,eyecatchingfigure
• ReaderstendnottopaymuchaUenAontothecontentsoftables
• Tablestakeuplotsofspace• ConsiderposAngthefulldatasetaspartofthepublicaAon,oronawell-documenteddatasite
Tables-Format
HeaderinformaAon
Bodyoftable
Table1.ThecapAongoeshere,immediatelyabovethetableitself
Tables–Placement• Atendofmanuscript• Aaerfigures• Pagesnotnumbered• Onetableperpage
PROOFINGANDEDITING
ProofingandEdiAng-ExampleScaleeffectssuchasdistribuAonamplitudeandspaAalresoluAonmayalsointroducecontradictoryresultswheninterpreAngLPSR(Rahbeck2006).Forexample,insmallergeographicareas,monotonictrendsinspeciesrichnessareusuallyobserved,whereasacrosslargerareas,however,hump-shapepaUernsaregenerallyobserved(Rahbeck,2006;Sánchez-Cordero,2001).SpaAalresoluAoncanalsoaffectpaUernsofspeciesrichness:studiesinvolvingtoocoarse-grainedresoluAonmayproducemisleadingresultsbyregisteringhighrichnessatlocaliAeswhere,infact,lownumbersofspeciesoccur,averagingoverdiversedistribuAonalphenomena.
ProofingandEdiAng-ExampleScaleeffectssuchasrangesizedistribuAonamplitudeandspaAalresoluAonmayalsointroducecontradictoryresultswheninterpreAngLPSR(Rahbeck,2006).Forexample,insmallergeographicextentsareas,monotonictrendsinspeciesrichnessareusuallyobserved,whereas;acrosslargerareas,however,hump-shapepaUernsaregenerallyobserved(Rahbeck,2006;Sánchez-Cordero,2001).SpaAalresoluAoncanalsoaffectspeciesrichnesspaUernsofspeciesrichness:studiesatoverlyinvolvingtoocoarse-grainedresoluAonmayproducemisleadingresultsbyfindingregisteringhighrichnessat‘localiAes’where,infact,lowernumbersofspeciesoccur.,ThedifferenceresultsfromaveragingoverdiversedistribuAonalphenomena.
CITINGOTHERAUTHORS
GeneraliAes• Citeotherstudiestoplaceyourworkinthecontextofworkalreadydone
• Avoidself-citaAons,unlessyourworkisthekeyandbestcitaAonforthepointbeingmade
• Citeothers’workbroadlyandfairly:– Coverwhatis‘outthere’intheliterature– Don’tplayfavorites– Trynottohaveenemies,oratleasttryto“citethyenemy”
• CitaAonsarenotrewardsorsymbolsoffriendshiporalliance
LITERATURECITED
GeneraliAes
• LiteratureCited.ThissectorofscienAficwriAngisalmostuniversallyrifewitherrorsandinconsistencies.Hereareafew:– CapitalizaAonaaeracoloninjournalAtles–eitherwayisacceptableandjournalsvaryintheirpreferences,BUTpickonestyleandbeconsistent
– SpacesbetweeniniAalsinauthors’names–again,journalsvaryintheirpreferences,butbeconsistent
– Inclusionofissuenumber–beconsistent
• BIRDLIFEINTERNATIONAL.2012.IUCNRedListforbirds.DownloadedfromhUp://www.birdlife.orgon03/07/2012.
• BROWN,R.M.,ANDA.C.DIESMOS.2002.ApplicaAonoflineage-basedspeciesconcepttooceanicislandfrogpopulaAons:TheeffectsofdifferingtaxonomicphilosophiesontheesAmaAonofPhilippinebiodiversity.SillimanJournal42,133–162.
• CLEMENT,M.,POSADA,D.,ANDK.A.CRANDALL.2000.TCS:acomputerprogramtoesAmategenegenealogies.MolecularEcology9:1657–1659.
• COLLAR,N.J.2006.AparAalrevisionoftheAsianbabblers,Timaliidae.Forktail22:85–112.• COLLAR,N.J.ANDC.ROBSON.2007.FamilyTimaliidae(babblers).70–291.InHandbookofthebirdsofthe
world.Volume12.Picathartesto4tsandchickadees.DelHoyo,J.,A.EllioU,andD.A.ChrisAe.Editors.LynxEdicions.Barcelona,Spain.
• COYNE,J.A.ANDT.D.PRICE.2000.LiUleevidenceforsympatricspeciaAoninislandbirds.Evolu4on,54,2166–2171.
• DEROEVER,J.1990.NotesontheLuzonWren-Babbler.Bull.OrientalBirdClub12:33-–34.• DIAMOND,J.M.1977.ConAnentalandinsularspeciaAoninPacificlandbirds.Systema4cZoology,26,263–
268.• DUPONT,J.E.1971.NotesonPhilippinebirds(No.1).Nemouria3.• DUPONT,J.E.1971.Philippinebirds.DelawareMuseumofNaturalHistoryMonographsSeries2.• HEANEY,L.R.,1986.BiogeographyofmammalsinSEAsia:esAmatesofratesofcolonizaAon,exAncAonand
speciaAon.BiologicalJournaloftheLinneanSociety28:127–165.• HIJMANS,R.J.,CAMERON,S.E.,PARRA,J.L.,JONES,P.G.,ANDA.JARVIS.2005.VeryhighresoluAoninterpolated
climatesurfacesforgloballandareas.InternaAonalJournalofClimatology25:1965–1978.• IUCNSTANDARDSANDPETITIONSSUBCOMMITTEE.2010.GuidelinesforUsingtheIUCNRedListCategoriesand
Criteria.Version8.1.PreparedbytheStandardsandPeAAonsSubcommiUeeinMarch2010.DownloadablefromhUp://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf
• LAMBERT,F.L.1993.SomekeysightsandsignificantrecordsofbirdfromthePhilippinesandSabah.BirdConservaAonInternaAonal3:281–297.
• GONZÁLEZ,L.A.S.,OLIVEROS,C.,PUNA,N.ANDR.G.MOYLE.2010.Nests,NestPlacement,andEggsofThreePhilippineEndemicBirds.WilsonJournalofOrnithology122:587–591.
• GOODMAN,S.M.ANDP.C.GONZALES.1990.ThebirdsofMtIsarogNaAonalPark,southernLuzon,Philippines,withparAcularreferencetoalAtudinaldistribuAon.FieldianaZoology60:1–39.
• BIRDLIFEINTERNATIONAL.2012.IUCNRedListforbirds.DownloadedfromhUp://www.birdlife.orgon03/07/2012.
• BROWN,R.M.,ANDA.C.DIESMOS.2002.ApplicaAonoflineage-basedspeciesconcepttooceanicislandfrogpopulaAons:TheeffectsofdifferingtaxonomicphilosophiesontheesAmaAonofPhilippinebiodiversity.SillimanJournal42,133–162.
• CLEMENT,M.,POSADA,D.,ANDK.A.CRANDALL.2000.TCS:acomputerprogramtoesAmategenegenealogies.MolecularEcology9:1657–1659.
• COLLAR,N.J.2006.AparAalrevisionoftheAsianbabblers,Timaliidae.Forktail22:85–112.• COLLAR,N.J.ANDC.ROBSON.2007.FamilyTimaliidae(babblers).70–291.InHandbookofthebirdsofthe
world.Volume12.Picathartesto4tsandchickadees.DelHoyo,J.,A.EllioU,andD.A.ChrisAe.Editors.LynxEdicions.Barcelona,Spain.
• COYNE,J.A.ANDT.D.PRICE.2000.LiUleevidenceforsympatricspeciaAoninislandbirds.Evolu4on,54,2166–2171.
• DEROEVER,J.1990.NotesontheLuzonWren-Babbler.Bull.OrientalBirdClub12:33-–34.• DIAMOND,J.M.1977.ConAnentalandinsularspeciaAoninPacificlandbirds.Systema4cZoology,26,263–
268.• DUPONT,J.E.1971.NotesonPhilippinebirds(No.1).Nemouria3.• DUPONT,J.E.1971.Philippinebirds.DelawareMuseumofNaturalHistoryMonographsSeries2.• HEANEY,L.R.,1986.BiogeographyofmammalsinSEAsia:esAmatesofratesofcolonizaAon,exAncAonand
speciaAon.BiologicalJournaloftheLinneanSociety28:127–165.• HIJMANS,R.J.,CAMERON,S.E.,PARRA,J.L.,JONES,P.G.,ANDA.JARVIS.2005.VeryhighresoluAoninterpolated
climatesurfacesforgloballandareas.InternaAonalJournalofClimatology25:1965–1978.• IUCNSTANDARDSANDPETITIONSSUBCOMMITTEE.2010.GuidelinesforUsingtheIUCNRedListCategoriesand
Criteria.Version8.1.PreparedbytheStandardsandPeAAonsSubcommiUeeinMarch2010.DownloadablefromhUp://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf
• LAMBERT,F.L.1993.SomekeysightsandsignificantrecordsofbirdfromthePhilippinesandSabah.BirdConservaAonInternaAonal3:281–297.
• GONZÁLEZ,L.A.S.,OLIVEROS,C.,PUNA,N.ANDR.G.MOYLE.2010.Nests,NestPlacement,andEggsofThreePhilippineEndemicBirds.WilsonJournalofOrnithology122:587–591.
• GOODMAN,S.M.ANDP.C.GONZALES.1990.ThebirdsofMtIsarogNaAonalPark,southernLuzon,Philippines,withparAcularreferencetoalAtudinaldistribuAon.FieldianaZoology60:1–39.
• BIRDLIFEINTERNATIONAL.2012.IUCNRedListforbirds.DownloadedfromhUp://www.birdlife.orgon03/07/2012.
• BROWN,R.M.,ANDA.C.DIESMOS.2002.ApplicaAonoflineage-basedspeciesconcepttooceanicislandfrogpopulaAons:TheeffectsofdifferingtaxonomicphilosophiesontheesAmaAonofPhilippinebiodiversity.SillimanJournal42,133–162.
• CLEMENT,M.,POSADA,D.,ANDK.A.CRANDALL.2000.TCS:acomputerprogramtoesAmategenegenealogies.MolecularEcology9:1657–1659.
• COLLAR,N.J.2006.AparAalrevisionoftheAsianbabblers,Timaliidae.Forktail22:85–112.• COLLAR,N.J.ANDC.ROBSON.2007.FamilyTimaliidae(babblers).70–291.InHandbookofthebirdsofthe
world.Volume12.Picathartesto4tsandchickadees.DelHoyo,J.,A.EllioU,andD.A.ChrisAe.Editors.LynxEdicions.Barcelona,Spain.
• COYNE,J.A.ANDT.D.PRICE.2000.LiUleevidenceforsympatricspeciaAoninislandbirds.Evolu4on,54,2166–2171.
• DEROEVER,J.1990.NotesontheLuzonWren-Babbler.Bull.OrientalBirdClub12:33-–34.• DIAMOND,J.M.1977.ConAnentalandinsularspeciaAoninPacificlandbirds.Systema4cZoology,26,263–
268.• DUPONT,J.E.1971.NotesonPhilippinebirds(No.1).Nemouria3.• DUPONT,J.E.1971.Philippinebirds.DelawareMuseumofNaturalHistoryMonographsSeries2.• HEANEY,L.R.,1986.BiogeographyofmammalsinSEAsia:esAmatesofratesofcolonizaAon,exAncAonand
speciaAon.BiologicalJournaloftheLinneanSociety28:127–165.• HIJMANS,R.J.,CAMERON,S.E.,PARRA,J.L.,JONES,P.G.,ANDA.JARVIS.2005.VeryhighresoluAoninterpolated
climatesurfacesforgloballandareas.InternaAonalJournalofClimatology25:1965–1978.• IUCNSTANDARDSANDPETITIONSSUBCOMMITTEE.2010.GuidelinesforUsingtheIUCNRedListCategoriesand
Criteria.Version8.1.PreparedbytheStandardsandPeAAonsSubcommiUeeinMarch2010.DownloadablefromhUp://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf
• LAMBERT,F.L.1993.SomekeysightsandsignificantrecordsofbirdfromthePhilippinesandSabah.BirdConservaAonInternaAonal3:281–297.
• GONZÁLEZ,L.A.S.,OLIVEROS,C.,PUNA,N.ANDR.G.MOYLE.2010.Nests,NestPlacement,andEggsofThreePhilippineEndemicBirds.WilsonJournalofOrnithology122:587–591.
• GOODMAN,S.M.ANDP.C.GONZALES.1990.ThebirdsofMtIsarogNaAonalPark,southernLuzon,Philippines,withparAcularreferencetoalAtudinaldistribuAon.FieldianaZoology60:1–39.
• BIRDLIFEINTERNATIONAL.2012.IUCNRedListforbirds.DownloadedfromhUp://www.birdlife.orgon03/07/2012.
• BROWN,R.M.,ANDA.C.DIESMOS.2002.ApplicaAonoflineage-basedspeciesconcepttooceanicislandfrogpopulaAons:TheeffectsofdifferingtaxonomicphilosophiesontheesAmaAonofPhilippinebiodiversity.SillimanJournal42,133–162.
• CLEMENT,M.,POSADA,D.,ANDK.A.CRANDALL.2000.TCS:acomputerprogramtoesAmategenegenealogies.MolecularEcology9:1657–1659.
• COLLAR,N.J.2006.AparAalrevisionoftheAsianbabblers,Timaliidae.Forktail22:85–112.• COLLAR,N.J.ANDC.ROBSON.2007.FamilyTimaliidae(babblers).70–291.InHandbookofthebirdsofthe
world.Volume12.Picathartesto4tsandchickadees.DelHoyo,J.,A.EllioU,andD.A.ChrisAe.Editors.LynxEdicions.Barcelona,Spain.
• COYNE,J.A.ANDT.D.PRICE.2000.LiUleevidenceforsympatricspeciaAoninislandbirds.Evolu4on,54,2166–2171.
• DEROEVER,J.1990.NotesontheLuzonWren-Babbler.Bull.OrientalBirdClub12:33-–34.• DIAMOND,J.M.1977.ConAnentalandinsularspeciaAoninPacificlandbirds.Systema4cZoology,26,263–
268.• DUPONT,J.E.1971.NotesonPhilippinebirds(No.1).Nemouria3.• DUPONT,J.E.1971.Philippinebirds.DelawareMuseumofNaturalHistoryMonographsSeries2.• HEANEY,L.R.,1986.BiogeographyofmammalsinSEAsia:esAmatesofratesofcolonizaAon,exAncAonand
speciaAon.BiologicalJournaloftheLinneanSociety28:127–165.• HIJMANS,R.J.,CAMERON,S.E.,PARRA,J.L.,JONES,P.G.,ANDA.JARVIS.2005.VeryhighresoluAoninterpolated
climatesurfacesforgloballandareas.InternaAonalJournalofClimatology25:1965–1978.• IUCNSTANDARDSANDPETITIONSSUBCOMMITTEE.2010.GuidelinesforUsingtheIUCNRedListCategoriesand
Criteria.Version8.1.PreparedbytheStandardsandPeAAonsSubcommiUeeinMarch2010.DownloadablefromhUp://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf
• LAMBERT,F.L.1993.SomekeysightsandsignificantrecordsofbirdfromthePhilippinesandSabah.BirdConservaAonInternaAonal3:281–297.
• GONZÁLEZ,L.A.S.,OLIVEROS,C.,PUNA,N.ANDR.G.MOYLE.2010.Nests,NestPlacement,andEggsofThreePhilippineEndemicBirds.WilsonJournalofOrnithology122:587–591.
• GOODMAN,S.M.ANDP.C.GONZALES.1990.ThebirdsofMtIsarogNaAonalPark,southernLuzon,Philippines,withparAcularreferencetoalAtudinaldistribuAon.FieldianaZoology60:1–39.
• BIRDLIFEINTERNATIONAL.2012.IUCNRedListforbirds.DownloadedfromhUp://www.birdlife.orgon03/07/2012.
• BROWN,R.M.,ANDA.C.DIESMOS.2002.ApplicaAonoflineage-basedspeciesconcepttooceanicislandfrogpopulaAons:TheeffectsofdifferingtaxonomicphilosophiesontheesAmaAonofPhilippinebiodiversity.SillimanJournal42,133–162.
• CLEMENT,M.,POSADA,D.,ANDK.A.CRANDALL.2000.TCS:acomputerprogramtoesAmategenegenealogies.MolecularEcology9:1657–1659.
• COLLAR,N.J.2006.AparAalrevisionoftheAsianbabblers,Timaliidae.Forktail22:85–112.• COLLAR,N.J.ANDC.ROBSON.2007.FamilyTimaliidae(babblers).70–291.InHandbookofthebirdsofthe
world.Volume12.Picathartesto4tsandchickadees.DelHoyo,J.,A.EllioU,andD.A.ChrisAe.Editors.LynxEdicions.Barcelona,Spain.
• COYNE,J.A.ANDT.D.PRICE.2000.LiUleevidenceforsympatricspeciaAoninislandbirds.Evolu4on,54,2166–2171.
• DEROEVER,J.1990.NotesontheLuzonWren-Babbler.Bull.OrientalBirdClub12:33-–34.• DIAMOND,J.M.1977.ConAnentalandinsularspeciaAoninPacificlandbirds.Systema4cZoology,26,263–
268.• DUPONT,J.E.1971.NotesonPhilippinebirds(No.1).Nemouria3.• DUPONT,J.E.1971.Philippinebirds.DelawareMuseumofNaturalHistoryMonographsSeries2.• HEANEY,L.R.,1986.BiogeographyofmammalsinSEAsia:esAmatesofratesofcolonizaAon,exAncAonand
speciaAon.BiologicalJournaloftheLinneanSociety28:127–165.• HIJMANS,R.J.,CAMERON,S.E.,PARRA,J.L.,JONES,P.G.,ANDA.JARVIS.2005.VeryhighresoluAoninterpolated
climatesurfacesforgloballandareas.InternaAonalJournalofClimatology25:1965–1978.• IUCNSTANDARDSANDPETITIONSSUBCOMMITTEE.2010.GuidelinesforUsingtheIUCNRedListCategoriesand
Criteria.Version8.1.PreparedbytheStandardsandPeAAonsSubcommiUeeinMarch2010.DownloadablefromhUp://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf
• LAMBERT,F.L.1993.SomekeysightsandsignificantrecordsofbirdfromthePhilippinesandSabah.BirdConservaAonInternaAonal3:281–297.
• GONZÁLEZ,L.A.S.,OLIVEROS,C.,PUNA,N.ANDR.G.MOYLE.2010.Nests,NestPlacement,andEggsofThreePhilippineEndemicBirds.WilsonJournalofOrnithology122:587–591.
• GOODMAN,S.M.ANDP.C.GONZALES.1990.ThebirdsofMtIsarogNaAonalPark,southernLuzon,Philippines,withparAcularreferencetoalAtudinaldistribuAon.FieldianaZoology60:1–39.
• BIRDLIFEINTERNATIONAL.2012.IUCNRedListforbirds.DownloadedfromhUp://www.birdlife.orgon03/07/2012.
• BROWN,R.M.,ANDA.C.DIESMOS.2002.ApplicaAonoflineage-basedspeciesconcepttooceanicislandfrogpopulaAons:TheeffectsofdifferingtaxonomicphilosophiesontheesAmaAonofPhilippinebiodiversity.SillimanJournal42,133–162.
• CLEMENT,M.,POSADA,D.,ANDK.A.CRANDALL.2000.TCS:acomputerprogramtoesAmategenegenealogies.MolecularEcology9:1657–1659.
• COLLAR,N.J.2006.AparAalrevisionoftheAsianbabblers,Timaliidae.Forktail22:85–112.• COLLAR,N.J.ANDC.ROBSON.2007.FamilyTimaliidae(babblers).70–291.InHandbookofthebirdsofthe
world.Volume12.Picathartesto4tsandchickadees.DelHoyo,J.,A.EllioU,andD.A.ChrisAe.Editors.LynxEdicions.Barcelona,Spain.
• COYNE,J.A.ANDT.D.PRICE.2000.LiUleevidenceforsympatricspeciaAoninislandbirds.Evolu4on,54,2166–2171.
• DEROEVER,J.1990.NotesontheLuzonWren-Babbler.Bull.OrientalBirdClub12:33-–34.• DIAMOND,J.M.1977.ConAnentalandinsularspeciaAoninPacificlandbirds.Systema4cZoology,26,263–
268.• DUPONT,J.E.1971.NotesonPhilippinebirds(No.1).Nemouria3.• DUPONT,J.E.1971.Philippinebirds.DelawareMuseumofNaturalHistoryMonographsSeries2.• HEANEY,L.R.,1986.BiogeographyofmammalsinSEAsia:esAmatesofratesofcolonizaAon,exAncAonand
speciaAon.BiologicalJournaloftheLinneanSociety28:127–165.• HIJMANS,R.J.,CAMERON,S.E.,PARRA,J.L.,JONES,P.G.,ANDA.JARVIS.2005.VeryhighresoluAoninterpolated
climatesurfacesforgloballandareas.InternaAonalJournalofClimatology25:1965–1978.• IUCNSTANDARDSANDPETITIONSSUBCOMMITTEE.2010.GuidelinesforUsingtheIUCNRedListCategoriesand
Criteria.Version8.1.PreparedbytheStandardsandPeAAonsSubcommiUeeinMarch2010.DownloadablefromhUp://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf
• LAMBERT,F.L.1993.SomekeysightsandsignificantrecordsofbirdfromthePhilippinesandSabah.BirdConservaAonInternaAonal3:281–297.
• GONZÁLEZ,L.A.S.,OLIVEROS,C.,PUNA,N.ANDR.G.MOYLE.2010.Nests,NestPlacement,andEggsofThreePhilippineEndemicBirds.WilsonJournalofOrnithology122:587–591.
• GOODMAN,S.M.ANDP.C.GONZALES.1990.ThebirdsofMtIsarogNaAonalPark,southernLuzon,Philippines,withparAcularreferencetoalAtudinaldistribuAon.FieldianaZoology60:1–39.
• BIRDLIFEINTERNATIONAL.2012.IUCNRedListforbirds.DownloadedfromhUp://www.birdlife.orgon03/07/2012.
• BROWN,R.M.,ANDA.C.DIESMOS.2002.ApplicaAonoflineage-basedspeciesconcepttooceanicislandfrogpopulaAons:TheeffectsofdifferingtaxonomicphilosophiesontheesAmaAonofPhilippinebiodiversity.SillimanJournal42,133–162.
• CLEMENT,M.,POSADA,D.,ANDK.A.CRANDALL.2000.TCS:acomputerprogramtoesAmategenegenealogies.MolecularEcology9:1657–1659.
• COLLAR,N.J.2006.AparAalrevisionoftheAsianbabblers,Timaliidae.Forktail22:85–112.• COLLAR,N.J.ANDC.ROBSON.2007.FamilyTimaliidae(babblers).70–291.InHandbookofthebirdsofthe
world.Volume12.Picathartesto4tsandchickadees.DelHoyo,J.,A.EllioU,andD.A.ChrisAe.Editors.LynxEdicions.Barcelona,Spain.
• COYNE,J.A.ANDT.D.PRICE.2000.LiUleevidenceforsympatricspeciaAoninislandbirds.Evolu4on,54,2166–2171.
• DEROEVER,J.1990.NotesontheLuzonWren-Babbler.Bull.OrientalBirdClub12:33-–34.• DIAMOND,J.M.1977.ConAnentalandinsularspeciaAoninPacificlandbirds.Systema4cZoology,26,263–
268.• DUPONT,J.E.1971.NotesonPhilippinebirds(No.1).Nemouria3.• DUPONT,J.E.1971.Philippinebirds.DelawareMuseumofNaturalHistoryMonographsSeries2.• HEANEY,L.R.,1986.BiogeographyofmammalsinSEAsia:esAmatesofratesofcolonizaAon,exAncAonand
speciaAon.BiologicalJournaloftheLinneanSociety28:127–165.• HIJMANS,R.J.,CAMERON,S.E.,PARRA,J.L.,JONES,P.G.,ANDA.JARVIS.2005.VeryhighresoluAoninterpolated
climatesurfacesforgloballandareas.InternaAonalJournalofClimatology25:1965–1978.• IUCNSTANDARDSANDPETITIONSSUBCOMMITTEE.2010.GuidelinesforUsingtheIUCNRedListCategoriesand
Criteria.Version8.1.PreparedbytheStandardsandPeAAonsSubcommiUeeinMarch2010.DownloadablefromhUp://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf
• LAMBERT,F.L.1993.SomekeysightsandsignificantrecordsofbirdfromthePhilippinesandSabah.BirdConservaAonInternaAonal3:281–297.
• GONZÁLEZ,L.A.S.,OLIVEROS,C.,PUNA,N.ANDR.G.MOYLE.2010.Nests,NestPlacement,andEggsofThreePhilippineEndemicBirds.WilsonJournalofOrnithology122:587–591.
• GOODMAN,S.M.ANDP.C.GONZALES.1990.ThebirdsofMtIsarogNaAonalPark,southernLuzon,Philippines,withparAcularreferencetoalAtudinaldistribuAon.FieldianaZoology60:1–39.
• BIRDLIFEINTERNATIONAL.2012.IUCNRedListforbirds.DownloadedfromhUp://www.birdlife.orgon03/07/2012.
• BROWN,R.M.,ANDA.C.DIESMOS.2002.ApplicaAonoflineage-basedspeciesconcepttooceanicislandfrogpopulaAons:TheeffectsofdifferingtaxonomicphilosophiesontheesAmaAonofPhilippinebiodiversity.SillimanJournal42,133–162.
• CLEMENT,M.,POSADA,D.,ANDK.A.CRANDALL.2000.TCS:acomputerprogramtoesAmategenegenealogies.MolecularEcology9:1657–1659.
• COLLAR,N.J.2006.AparAalrevisionoftheAsianbabblers,Timaliidae.Forktail22:85–112.• COLLAR,N.J.ANDC.ROBSON.2007.FamilyTimaliidae(babblers).70–291.InHandbookofthebirdsofthe
world.Volume12.Picathartesto4tsandchickadees.DelHoyo,J.,A.EllioU,andD.A.ChrisAe.Editors.LynxEdicions.Barcelona,Spain.
• COYNE,J.A.ANDT.D.PRICE.2000.LiUleevidenceforsympatricspeciaAoninislandbirds.Evolu4on,54,2166–2171.
• DEROEVER,J.1990.NotesontheLuzonWren-Babbler.Bull.OrientalBirdClub12:33-–34.• DIAMOND,J.M.1977.ConAnentalandinsularspeciaAoninPacificlandbirds.Systema4cZoology,26,263–
268.• DUPONT,J.E.1971.NotesonPhilippinebirds(No.1).Nemouria3.• DUPONT,J.E.1971.Philippinebirds.DelawareMuseumofNaturalHistoryMonographsSeries2.• HEANEY,L.R.,1986.BiogeographyofmammalsinSEAsia:esAmatesofratesofcolonizaAon,exAncAonand
speciaAon.BiologicalJournaloftheLinneanSociety28:127–165.• HIJMANS,R.J.,CAMERON,S.E.,PARRA,J.L.,JONES,P.G.,ANDA.JARVIS.2005.VeryhighresoluAoninterpolated
climatesurfacesforgloballandareas.InternaAonalJournalofClimatology25:1965–1978.• IUCNSTANDARDSANDPETITIONSSUBCOMMITTEE.2010.GuidelinesforUsingtheIUCNRedListCategoriesand
Criteria.Version8.1.PreparedbytheStandardsandPeAAonsSubcommiUeeinMarch2010.DownloadablefromhUp://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf
• LAMBERT,F.L.1993.SomekeysightsandsignificantrecordsofbirdfromthePhilippinesandSabah.BirdConservaAonInternaAonal3:281–297.
• GONZÁLEZ,L.A.S.,OLIVEROS,C.,PUNA,N.ANDR.G.MOYLE.2010.Nests,NestPlacement,andEggsofThreePhilippineEndemicBirds.WilsonJournalofOrnithology122:587–591.
• GOODMAN,S.M.ANDP.C.GONZALES.1990.ThebirdsofMtIsarogNaAonalPark,southernLuzon,Philippines,withparAcularreferencetoalAtudinaldistribuAon.FieldianaZoology60:1–39.
• BIRDLIFEINTERNATIONAL.2012.IUCNRedListforbirds.DownloadedfromhUp://www.birdlife.orgon03/07/2012.
• BROWN,R.M.,ANDA.C.DIESMOS.2002.ApplicaAonoflineage-basedspeciesconcepttooceanicislandfrogpopulaAons:TheeffectsofdifferingtaxonomicphilosophiesontheesAmaAonofPhilippinebiodiversity.SillimanJournal42,133–162.
• CLEMENT,M.,POSADA,D.,ANDK.A.CRANDALL.2000.TCS:acomputerprogramtoesAmategenegenealogies.MolecularEcology9:1657–1659.
• COLLAR,N.J.2006.AparAalrevisionoftheAsianbabblers,Timaliidae.Forktail22:85–112.• COLLAR,N.J.ANDC.ROBSON.2007.FamilyTimaliidae(babblers).70–291.InHandbookofthebirdsofthe
world.Volume12.Picathartesto4tsandchickadees.DelHoyo,J.,A.EllioU,andD.A.ChrisAe.Editors.LynxEdicions.Barcelona,Spain.
• COYNE,J.A.ANDT.D.PRICE.2000.LiUleevidenceforsympatricspeciaAoninislandbirds.Evolu4on,54,2166–2171.
• DEROEVER,J.1990.NotesontheLuzonWren-Babbler.Bull.OrientalBirdClub12:33-–34.• DIAMOND,J.M.1977.ConAnentalandinsularspeciaAoninPacificlandbirds.Systema4cZoology,26,263–
268.• DUPONT,J.E.1971.NotesonPhilippinebirds(No.1).Nemouria3.• DUPONT,J.E.1971.Philippinebirds.DelawareMuseumofNaturalHistoryMonographsSeries2.• HEANEY,L.R.,1986.BiogeographyofmammalsinSEAsia:esAmatesofratesofcolonizaAon,exAncAonand
speciaAon.BiologicalJournaloftheLinneanSociety28:127–165.• HIJMANS,R.J.,CAMERON,S.E.,PARRA,J.L.,JONES,P.G.,ANDA.JARVIS.2005.VeryhighresoluAoninterpolated
climatesurfacesforgloballandareas.InternaAonalJournalofClimatology25:1965–1978.• IUCNSTANDARDSANDPETITIONSSUBCOMMITTEE.2010.GuidelinesforUsingtheIUCNRedListCategoriesand
Criteria.Version8.1.PreparedbytheStandardsandPeAAonsSubcommiUeeinMarch2010.DownloadablefromhUp://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf
• LAMBERT,F.L.1993.SomekeysightsandsignificantrecordsofbirdfromthePhilippinesandSabah.BirdConservaAonInternaAonal3:281–297.
• GONZÁLEZ,L.A.S.,OLIVEROS,C.,PUNA,N.ANDR.G.MOYLE.2010.Nests,NestPlacement,andEggsofThreePhilippineEndemicBirds.WilsonJournalofOrnithology122:587–591.
• GOODMAN,S.M.ANDP.C.GONZALES.1990.ThebirdsofMtIsarogNaAonalPark,southernLuzon,Philippines,withparAcularreferencetoalAtudinaldistribuAon.FieldianaZoology60:1–39.
• BIRDLIFEINTERNATIONAL.2012.IUCNRedListforbirds.DownloadedfromhUp://www.birdlife.orgon03/07/2012.
• BROWN,R.M.,ANDA.C.DIESMOS.2002.ApplicaAonoflineage-basedspeciesconcepttooceanicislandfrogpopulaAons:TheeffectsofdifferingtaxonomicphilosophiesontheesAmaAonofPhilippinebiodiversity.SillimanJournal42,133–162.
• CLEMENT,M.,POSADA,D.,ANDK.A.CRANDALL.2000.TCS:acomputerprogramtoesAmategenegenealogies.MolecularEcology9:1657–1659.
• COLLAR,N.J.2006.AparAalrevisionoftheAsianbabblers,Timaliidae.Forktail22:85–112.• COLLAR,N.J.ANDC.ROBSON.2007.FamilyTimaliidae(babblers).70–291.InHandbookofthebirdsofthe
world.Volume12.Picathartesto4tsandchickadees.DelHoyo,J.,A.EllioU,andD.A.ChrisAe.Editors.LynxEdicions.Barcelona,Spain.
• COYNE,J.A.ANDT.D.PRICE.2000.LiUleevidenceforsympatricspeciaAoninislandbirds.Evolu4on,54,2166–2171.
• DEROEVER,J.1990.NotesontheLuzonWren-Babbler.Bull.OrientalBirdClub12:33-–34.• DIAMOND,J.M.1977.ConAnentalandinsularspeciaAoninPacificlandbirds.Systema4cZoology,26,263–
268.• DUPONT,J.E.1971.NotesonPhilippinebirds(No.1).Nemouria3.• DUPONT,J.E.1971.Philippinebirds.DelawareMuseumofNaturalHistoryMonographsSeries2.• HEANEY,L.R.,1986.BiogeographyofmammalsinSEAsia:esAmatesofratesofcolonizaAon,exAncAonand
speciaAon.BiologicalJournaloftheLinneanSociety28:127–165.• HIJMANS,R.J.,CAMERON,S.E.,PARRA,J.L.,JONES,P.G.,ANDA.JARVIS.2005.VeryhighresoluAoninterpolated
climatesurfacesforgloballandareas.InternaAonalJournalofClimatology25:1965–1978.• IUCNSTANDARDSANDPETITIONSSUBCOMMITTEE.2010.GuidelinesforUsingtheIUCNRedListCategoriesand
Criteria.Version8.1.PreparedbytheStandardsandPeAAonsSubcommiUeeinMarch2010.DownloadablefromhUp://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf
• LAMBERT,F.L.1993.SomekeysightsandsignificantrecordsofbirdfromthePhilippinesandSabah.BirdConservaAonInternaAonal3:281–297.
• GONZÁLEZ,L.A.S.,OLIVEROS,C.,PUNA,N.ANDR.G.MOYLE.2010.Nests,NestPlacement,andEggsofThreePhilippineEndemicBirds.WilsonJournalofOrnithology122:587–591.
• GOODMAN,S.M.ANDP.C.GONZALES.1990.ThebirdsofMtIsarogNaAonalPark,southernLuzon,Philippines,withparAcularreferencetoalAtudinaldistribuAon.FieldianaZoology60:1–39.
COVERLETTERS
MinimalistVersionToTheEditor:PleasefindaUachedtothisleUeramanuscriptenAtledThisIsTheTitleofMyManuscript,forconsideraAonforpublicaAoninYourJournal.Thismanuscriptistheintellectualproductonlyofmyselfandmycoauthors,andisnotcurrentlysubmiUedforpublicaAonwithanyotherjournal.IhopethatthismanuscriptwillproveacceptableforpublicaAoninyourjournal.PleasedonothesitatetocontactmeshouldyouneedanyfurtherinformaAon.Sincerely,
ShouldYouArgueForYourMSInCoverLeUer?
• Forhigh-endjournals(Science,Nature,PNAS),itisnecessary…pre-revieweditorialdecisionsmaydependonit!
• For‘normal’journals,itisamaUerofchoice…manypeopledoincludeaparagraphofwhythepaperisimportant;Idonot
• BeVERYcarefulnottooverstatetheimportanceofthepaperortheimpactoftheresults
CHOOSINGANDRECOMMENDINGREVIEWERS
Reviewers
• ManyjournalspermitsuggesAonsregardingappropriatereviewersforamanuscript
• ThesesuggesAonsmaybeopAonalormayberequired,dependingonthejournal
• TheeditormayormaynotfollowyoursuggesAons
SuggestedReviewers• Ideally,reviewerswillhaveexperAseandexperienceintheareaofthepaper
• Reviewersshouldnothaveanyconflictofinterestwithanyoftheauthors
• Donotsuggestreviewerswhoarecloseassociates,friends,relaAves(!),orinvolvedintheproject…quitesimply,itisnotappropriate,anditisunfairtotheeditorstomakethemhavetodiscovertheseconnecAonswithouttheauthors’honesty
Non-suggestedReviewers• Occasionally,conflictsofopinion,personaldisagreements,nonfuncAonalpersonaliAes,andotherissuescancloudtheobjecAvityofpeerreview
• AuthorscanrequesteditorstoremovesuchindividualsfromconsideraAonasreviewers—eitherinthecoverleUerorvialistsonwebpages:– IncoverleUer:“Basedonpastexperiences,inwhichXXXXXshowedlackofobjecAvityinpeerreviewofmanuscriptsbymyselfandmycoauthors,Iwouldrespec{ullythatXXXXXnotbeconsideredasareviewerforthismanuscript.”
• Editorsmaynonethelessrequestreviewsfromsuchindividuals,butmayconsidertheresulAngreviewinlightoftheknowledgethataconflictisatleastperceivedtoexist
AUTHORSHIP
ReasonsForAuthorship
• Wrotethepaper• ProvidedcriAcalintellectualinputtoideasormethods
• Workedhardgatheringoranalyzingdata• Ledthelabgroup• Youradvisor
• Insum,shouldbepeoplewhomadesignificantcontribuAonstotheoveralleffort
RESPONSESTOREVIEWS
First–UnderstandtheResponseThankyouverymuchforsubmicngyourmanuscript"UsesandmisusesofbioclimaAcenvelopemodelling"forreviewbyEcology.ThereviewersandIappreciatetheworkyouhaveaccomplished.Basedonthereviews,wewillnotbeabletoacceptthismanuscriptforpublicaAonatthisAme.Wewouldbewillingtoconsideramuch-revisedversion,basedonthereviewcomments.Indeedconceptualpapers,asthisone,aredifficulttowrite.HerebothreviewersstressedthattheargumentsandbalanceviewofthedebateshouldbebeUerpresented(notasvague).BothreviewerswereverygenerousintheirconstrucAvecommentsandarevisedversioncouldmakeagreatcontribuAon.
InGeneral• Wheneverpossible,say“OK”• WhennotpossibletosayOK,thenbereasonable,makesomechanges
• Whenyoureallydisagree,thenstateaclearreasoningastoWHY
• Findingreviewersisahardtaskforeditors• YourobjecAve…theeditoracceptsthepaperwithoutfurtherreview
IdealResponsesLine28."Offerabridgeacrossscales".Statementisnotexplainedorsupportedinanyway.Shouldberemoved.• Done.Line563."microscopic"isobviouslyincorrect.Doyoumean"smallareas"• Changed.IfindthatthepaperisverylongrelaAvetothepointsitmakes.ManyofthesecAonscouldbeshorthenedconsiderably.ThissecAoncouldbemuchshorter.• Themanuscripthasindeedbeenshortenedquiteabit,with2major
sec4onseitherremoveden4relyorshortenedmassively.
WhenYouDisagree
WhenYouDisagree
CHECKINGPROOFS
“Proof”Reading
• LastcheckbeforepublicaAon• Whatproblemsanderrorsarenotdetectedareyourfault,notthejournal’s
• MustcheckenAreproofinminutedetail• SpecialaUenAontoequaAons,tables,literaturecited…anywherethatconcentraAonishard
• Somepeopleevenreadbackward…!
COPYRIGHTTRANSFERAGREEMENTSANDOPENACCESS
CopyrightisABundleofRights
84
RightsareheldbytheOWNERofthework(notnecessarilythecreator/author).Ownersmay:• Reproduce-makecopiesoftheirworkspubliclyorprivately.• Adapt-prepareaddiAonalworksderivedfromtheircopyrightedwork,(aka,derivaAveworks).• Distribute-Disseminatecopiesoftheirworks,tothepublicbysaleorothertransferofownership,orbyrental,lease,lending.• Perform-Performtheirworkpublicly(atlocaAonopentothepublicortopersonsotherthanclosefamilyandsocialacquaintances).• Display-Displaytheirworkpublicly(appliestoallworksexceptsoundrecordingsandarchitecturalworks).
From,SecAon106of1976CopyrightActandsee,hUp://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ1.pdf
WhyOpenAccess???
ConceiveResearchIdea
SubmitPaper
WritePaper
DoResearch
SecureResearchFunding
PaperPublished
EditorAccepts
ReviewersConsider
EditorReceives
Subscrip,onFees
AccessCharges
PageCharges
HowBigistheAccessProblem?AnExperimentforEEBScholarship
• Take10EEBpapers,eachfromadifferentjournal• Sendfullbibliographicrecordforeachto50colleaguesaroundtheworld• Askeachcolleaguetogotohis/heroffice,andtoaUempttoobtainaccesstotheenAretextofthepublicaAon
HowBigistheAccessProblem?AnExperimentforEEBScholarship
• MichaelJ.Farabee,EdithL.Taylor,ThomasN.Taylor,CorrelaAonofpermianandtriassicpalynomorphassemblagesfromthecentralTransantarcAcMountains,AntarcAca,ReviewofPalaeobotanyandPalynology,65:257-265.
• ClaireHorner-Devine,M.,Leibold,M.A.,Smith,V.H.,Bohannan,B.J.M.2003.BacterialdiversitypaUernsalongagradientofprimaryproducAvity.EcologyLeUers6:613-622.
• RafeM.Brown,JimmyA.McGuireandArvinC.Diesmos.2000.StatusofsomePhilippinefrogsreferredtoRanaevereY(Anura:Ranidae),descripAonofanewspecies,andresurrecAonofRanaigorotaTaylor1922.Herpetologica56:81-104.
• Billings,S.A.2008.Biogeochemistry:Nitrousoxideinflux.Nature456:888-889.• HaraldSchneider,AlanR.Smith,RaymondCranfill,TerriJ.Hildebrand,ChristopherH.Haufler,TomA.Ranker.
2004.Unravelingthephylogenyofpolygrammoidferns(PolypodiaceaeandGrammiAdaceae):exploringaspectsofthediversificaAonofepiphyAcplants.MolecularPhylogeneAcsandEvoluAon31:1041-1063.
• NealWoodman,RobertM.Timm,NormanA.SladeandTerryJ.Doonan.1996.ComparisonoftrapsandbaitsforcensusingsmallmammalsinNeotropicallowlands.JournalofMammalogy77:274-281.
• LeonardKrishtalkaandPhilipS.Humphrey.2000.Cannaturalhistorymuseumscapturethefuture?BioScience50:611–617.
• BryanL.Foster,TimothyL.Dickson.2004.GrasslanddiversityandproducAvity:Theinterplayofresourceavailabilityandpropagulepools.Ecology85:1541-1547.
• PaulO.Lewis,MarkT.Holder,andKentE.Holsinger.2005.PolytomiesandBayesianphylogeneAcinference.SystemaAcBiology54:241-253.
• LenaC.Hileman,JensF.Sundstrom,AmyLiU,MeiqinChen,TakudzwaShumba,andVivianF.Irish.2006.MolecularandphylogeneAcanalysesoftheMADS-boxgenefamilyintomato.MolecularBiologyandEvoluAon23:2245-2258.
PercentSuccessNotethat:-only2colleaguesachieve100%success-noUScolleaguehad100%success-accesscanbequiteunsaAsfactory,evenintheUS
HowAvailableareDifferentJournals?i.e.,percentsuccessofcolleaguesinaccessingpapers
JournalSuccess
rateSystematicBiology 91.18MolecularBiologyandEvolution 91.18Ecology 73.53Nature 70.59EcologyLetters 64.71BioScience 64.71MolecularPhylogeneticsandEvolution 55.88JournalofMammalogy 44.12ReviewofPalaeobotanyandPalynology 41.18Herpetologica 41.18
ATPOpinionAcademicpublishinghasbeen
“boughtout”byanopportunis4ccommercialpublishingworld,andisfastbecominginaccessibletothe
academiccommunity,andpar4cularlytotheglobalscholarly
community.
WhatIsOpenAccess(fromPeterSuber)?• Open-access(OA)literatureisdigital,online,freeofcharge,andfreeofmostcopyrightandlicensingrestricAons.
• OAispossiblethankstotheinternetandconsentofthecopyright-holder.
• Scholarlyjournalsdonotgenerallypayauthors,whocanthereforeconsenttoOAwithoutlosingrevenue.
• OAiscompaAblewithpeerreview;allmajorOAiniAaAvesforscienAficandscholarlyliteratureinsistonitsimportance.
• OAliteratureisnotfreetoproduce;thegoalistomakescholarlyliteraturecostless…aretherearebeUerwaystopaythebillsthanbychargingreadersandcreaAngaccessbarriers.
SOLUTION#1–PUBLISHINOPENACCESSJOURNALS
OpenAccessJournals
• Openaccessjournalshaveremovedthe“subscripAonbarrier”toaccesstojournalscholarship
• Aswithclosed-accessjournals,theyvaryinqualityandeditorialpolicies
• OpenaccessjournalshavethesamepotenAaltoprovidepeerreview
• ManyopenaccessjournalsnowwithhighcirculaAonandimpact
SoluAon#1–OAJournals
SOLUTION#2-JOURNALSELECTION…WORKWITHINTHELIMITS
SoluAon#2–WorkWithintheLimits
SoluAon#2–WorkWithintheLimits
SoluAon#2–WorkWithintheLimits
SOLUTION#3–CHANGETHELIMITS:THEOA@KUEXAMPLE
KUExample:writeonthecopyrightagreement:
“Subjecttoaeached
addendum”
AddendumtoPublicaAonAgreement
AddendumtoPublicaAonAgreement
OrSimplyEdittheCTA:
Ifthepublisherlooksatyoureditsandsays“NO!”…youcan:– Signtheoriginalagreementandthepaperispublished
– Debate/negoAatewiththepublisheraboutterms– Withdrawthepaper(!)
CopyrightTransferSummary• Accessisamajorproblemforscholarship• Openaccessjournalsarebuilding,butarenotsufficientlyabundantorhigh-enoughimpacttosustainscholarlypublishing
• Scholarscan“select”journalsbasedonaccess,iftheychoose
• InsAtuAonscanpasspoliciesregardingopenaccess
• Scholarscanamendanddebatethecopyrighttransferagreements
OAKeyInternetResources• SHERPA/RoMEO–summaryofOApoliciesforeachjournalandpublisher:hUp://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/
• ROARMAP–summaryofOApoliciesatinsAtuAonsandfundingagencies:hUp://www.eprints.org/openaccess/policysignup/
• KUScholarWorks–KU’sOArepository:hUp://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/
• HarvardOfficeofScholarlyCommunica,on–hUp://osc.hul.harvard.edu/osc.php
OverallPublishingProcess• Writethepaper• Edit/proofthemanuscript• Formatforthejournal• Submittothejournal• EditordecidesiniAallyandsendsouttoreview• ReviewersprovidesuggesAonsandcriAcisms• Editordecideswhethertoaccept– …canrepeatseveralAmes
• Authorrevises• Finalacceptance• Proofssenttoauthor• Authorcorrects• Authorsignscopyrighttransferagreement• PublicaAon
TOWN@KU.EDU
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