public health and community medicine as a professional career; awareness & opportunities in...

PUBLIC HEALTH AS A PROFESSIONAL CAREER-

AWARENESS & OPPORTUNITIES.

Dr. Abhishek Paul, Dr.Suresh Ch Malick, Dr.Somdipta Bhattacharjee, Dr.Shatanik Mondal, Dr.Partha Saha1st year MD PGT, Dept. Of Community Medicine,R.G.kar Medical College,Kolkata

WHAT IS PUBLIC HEALTH ?Public health refers to all organized measures (whether public or private) to prevent disease, promote health, and prolong life among the population as a whole. Its activities aim to provide conditions in which people can be healthy and focus on entire populations, not on individual patients or diseases.

• INTRODUCTION

The assessment and monitoring of the health of communities and populations at risk to identify health problems and priorities.

The formulation of public policies designed to solve identified local and national health problems and priorities.

To assure that all populations have access to appropriate and cost-effective care, including health promotion and disease prevention services.

3 MAIN PUBLIC HEALTH FUNCTIONS ARE:

HOW & WHY THE CONCEPT OF PUBLIC HEALTH CAME ?

5000 BC AYURVEDA

Leviticus is believed to be the first written

health code in world. The book dealt with

personal and community responsibilities and

included guidance regarding the cleanliness

of body, sexual health behaviors, protection

against contagious diseases (1500 BC)

The Code of

Hammurabi,

created by the

King of Babylon

conduct for

physicians and

health practices. , Hippocrates (460 BC-380 BC) was the founder of Western medicine.

James Lind-discovered the

causes of scurvy amongst sailors

and its mitigation via the

introduction of fruit on lengthy

voyages was published in 1754

and led to the adoption of this

idea by the Royal Navy.

Edwin Chadwick (1800-1890)

A LAWYER AND SOCIAL REFORMER

“THE SANITORY CONDITIONS OF THE LABOURING POPULATION IN GREAT BRITAIN – A LANDMARK IN THE HISTORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH.

PUBLIC HEALTH ACT 1848- State has a direct responsibility of health of the people.

Lemual Shattuck (1793-1859) • A BOOKSELLER AND PUBLISHER• PUBLISHED REPORT ON HEALTH

CONDITIONS IN MASSACHUSETTS.• LEAD TO IMPROVEMENT OF PUBLIC

HEALTH CONDITIONS OF AMERICAN PEOPLE.

• BY THE BEGINNING OF 20TH CENTURY FRANCE,SPAIN,AUSTRALIA,GERMANY, ITALY,BELGIUM AND SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES –ALL DEVELOPED THEIR PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY.

• AFTER 1ST WORLD WAR – 3 NEWCOMERS TO THE PUBLIC HEALTH SCENE—RUSSIA,TURKEY AND YUGOSLAVIA.

John Snow (1813-1858)  English physician ---one of the first

physicians to study and calculate dosages for the use of ether and chloroform as surgical anaesthetics.

personally administered chloroform to Queen Victoria when she gave birth to the last two of her nine children, Leopold in 1853 and Beatricein 1857.

He identified the source of the CHOLERA epidemic in SOHO 1854, as the public water pump on Broad Street

He also showed that the Southwark and Vauxhall Waterworks Company was taking water from sewage-polluted sections of the Thames and delivering the water to homes, leading to an increased incidence of cholera.

Snow's study was a major

event in the history of public

health. It is regarded as the

founding event of the science

of epidemiology.

Mary Mallon (September 23,

1869 – November 11,

1938),

Better known as

TYPHIOD MARY

Typhoid Mary, was the first person in the United States identified as an asymptomatic carrier of the pathogen associated with typhoid fever

presumed to have infected 51 people, 3 of whom died, over the course of her career as a cook.

In late 1906, one family hired a typhoid researcher named George A. Soper (1870—June 17, 1948), a sanitation engineer to investigate

Soper published the results on June 15, 1907 in the Journal of the American Medical Association. He believed Mallon might be the source of the outbreak

"It was found that the family changed cooks on August 4. This was about three weeks before the typhoid epidemic broke out. She remained in the family only a short time, leaving about three weeks after the outbreak occurred. The cook was described as an Irish woman about 40 years of age, tall, heavy, single. She seemed to be in perfect health.“

In the video game franchise Call of Duty: Black Ops there is a reference in the "Zombies" mode of the game. If one upgrades the HS10 shotgun with the Pack-a-Punch it becomes the "Typhoid & Mary".

The movie Paranormal Asylum (2013) is based on Typhoid Mary

In the episode of Warehouse 13 called "Trials," Steve Jinks and Claudia Donovan go after "Typhoid Mary's Knife" which transfers injuries and diseases from one person to another, leaving the holder healthy.

French chemist/bacteriologist

Louis Pasteur

MAY 1980 SMALL POX GLOBALLY

ERADICATED

Dr. J. Donald

Millar(1966-70)

Dr. William H.

Foege (1970-73)

Dr. J. Michael

Lane(1973-81)

12th JANUARY 2012

DR DILIP MAHALANABIS - born Nov 12th ,1934 At present the man who saved millions with his crucial oral

solution lives in a two- stored CF-198 building located in Salt Lake.

Over 3,000 patients with cholera received ORT in this way. The mortality rate was 3.6 % with ORT and 30 % with IV fluid therapy.

After its mass application in the refugee camps, the World Health Organisation (WHO) took up the project across 105 countries and accredited the use of ORS globally.

Later, it was used in hundreds of refugee camps by the United Nations (UN). The initiative has successfully reduced total diarrhoea deaths.

PREVENTED ARROUND 60 MILLION CHILD DEATH FROM DIARRHOEAL DISSEASES.

BREADTH OF PUBLIC HEALTH LETS LOOK AT SOME NOTABLE PUBLIC

HEALTH CAMPAIGNS OF PRESENT DAYS

RELEVENCE OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRESENT SCENARIO –

1. Vaccination

2. CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

3.PROMOTION OF SAFER AND HEALTHIER FOODS

4. HEALTHIER MOTHERS AND BABIES

AND ACCESS TO FAMILY PLANNING

5. MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY

6.SAFER WORKPLACES

7.SAFE DRINKING WATER

8.DECLINE IN DEATHS FROM NON – COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

9.RECOGNITION OF TOBACCO USE AS A HEALTH HAZARD

TOP 20 CAUSES OF DEATH1. CAD 2. LUNG DISEASES3. DIARRHOEAL DISEASES4. STROKE5. PNEUMONIA & INFLUENZA6. TB7. HTN8. DM9. LIVER DISEASES10. FALLS11. KIDNEY DISEASES12. OTHER INJURIES13. SUICIDE

INDIAN CONTEXT

14. RTA15. LBW16. HIV / AIDS17. BIRTH TRAUMA18. PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE19. BREAST CANCER20. ORAL CANCER.

.

A POPULATION OF MORE THAN 1.2 BILLION

• INDIA HAS 160 STATE RUN AND 188 PRIVATE MEDICAL COLLEGES.

• ONLY 65 DOCTORS FOR 1 LAKH POPULATION

• 73.6 % OF THOSE DOCTORS LIVE IN URBAN AREAS WHERE ONLY 26.4 % OF OUR POPULATION LIVES.

• ONLY 90 BEDS FOR 1 LAKH POPULATION

• SITUATION WORST IN RURAL AREAS.

½ CURE !

ONLY DEATH PREVENTED !

CONSIDERING THE SITUATION IN THE 2006 THE PUBLIC HEALTH FOUNDATION OF INDIA (PHFI) WAS LAUNCHED --- A PUBLIC PRIVATE INITIATIVE ,

VISION - TO STRENGTHEN INDIA’S PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTIONAL AND SYSTEMS CAPABILITY AND PROVIDE KNOWLEDGE TO ACHIEVE BETTER HEALTH OUTCOMES FOR ALL

“The importance of public health in India’s development cannot be over emphasised. The largest growing demographic segment in India over the next two decades lies between 15-59 years. This provides a wide window of opportunity to enhance national growth provided one can productively deploy this large base of human resources.- Dr. Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India (2004-14)

COMMUNITY MEDICINE

-

As a

CAREER

GOVT. SECTORJOBS

INTER-NATIONALAGENCIES

TEACHING FACULT

Y

HIGHER

STUDIES/RESEARCH

MEDICAL

OFFICER/

PRIVAT

EPRACTICE

CAREER ASPECTS IN GOVT. SECTORS

INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES

WHO HEADQUARTER, GENEVA,SWITZERLAND

Types of organisations - Implementing agencies

InterNationalAgencies

WHOUNICEFWORLD BANKBILL & MELINDA

GATES FOUNDATION

UNFPAPATHCDCMSFCARE

Consultingfirms

ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS

Courtesy: Dr. Anchita Patil,UNFPA

Skills required

Know your subject

Ground Realities

Power of clicking

Gift of gab

Hello, I am...

Courtesy: Dr. Anchita Patil,UNFPA

Research opportunities . . . . . . INN - INDIAN NCD NETWORK NICED- National Inst. Of Cholera& Enteric Ds CPHR – Centre for Public Health research IDEA- Indian Diabetes Education Association PHFI WHO UNICEF CDC

SKY IS THE LIMIT...

PHD Epidemic Intelligence Service Health Management Fellowship in Preventive Oncology Hospital Administration

Epidemiology

Healthmanagment

Immunisation

OccupationalHealth

Adolescenct Health

Food Safety

Sanitation

Environmental HealthGender Inequity

Preventive Medicine

Road safety

Health Administration

Woman Empowerment

Health Education

BioStatistics

Medical Entomology

Disaster Management

Public Health Careers offer Something For EveryOne . . .

Perhaps never has there been more Exciting timeTo pursue a Career in Public Health . . . . .

Remember,you are going to make a Sick Nation Healthier

(6th Semestar MBBS students at Urban Field Practice area,Bagbazar UTC, R.G.Kar Medical College, Kolkata)