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Prospects for Cambodia’s economic transformation: Scoping new activities
Chandarany Ouch
Cambodia Development Resource Institute (CDRI)
26 February 2019
Phnom Penh, Cambodia1
Content
• Cambodia’s key indicators
• Value added by sectors
• Investment
• Employment
• Exports
• Competitiveness
• Areas to focus
2
Value Added by Sector2000 2010 2014 2017
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
35.7 33.9 28.9 23.4
Manufacturing,value added (% of GDP)
15.9 14.7 15.4 16.2
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
21.7 21.9 25.6 30.9
Services,value added (% of GDP)
36.9 38.3 39.7 39.7
GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$)
431.3 785.7 973.0 1137.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)
18.2 16.2 21.0 21.9
Source: World Development Indicators 3
Investment by Main Sector
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
20
18
Agriculture
Industry
Services
Source: CDC
in US$ million
4
Employment by sector
0
20
40
60
80
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment)
Employment in industry (% of total employment)
Employment in services (% of total employment)
Source: World Development Indicators (modeled ILO estimate)5
Employment by occupation (CSES)
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Armed forces
Legislators, senior officials and manager
Professionals
Technicians and associate professionals
Clerks
Service workers and shop and market sales
Skilled agricultural and fishery worker
Craft and related trades workers
Plant and machine operators and assemblers
Elementary occupations
Age>=15 & Age<=65
2017
2014
2009
6
Export diversification
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
Agriculture (HS 1-24)
Light manufacturing (HS84, 85, 87, 73, 94, 95)
Textile & Footwear (HS50-60 & 63-64)
Garment (HS61 & 62)
Source: ITC Trade Map 7
Export diversification
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
Thailand's Exports
Agriculture (HS 1-24)
Light manufacturing (HS84, 85, 87, 73, 94, 95)
Textile & Footwear (HS50-60 & 63-64)
Garment (HS61 & 62)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
Vietnam's Exports
Agriculture (HS 1-24)
Light manufacturing (HS84, 85, 87, 73, 94, 95)
Textile & Footwear (HS50-60 & 63-64)
Garment (HS61 & 62)
Source: ITC Trade Map 8
Competitiveness
• WEF: “The Global Competitiveness Report 2018”
• Benchmarking Competitiveness in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, called the Global Competitiveness Index 4.0
• 140 countries participated
• Consisting of 12 Pillars
• Enabling environment, Human capital, Markets and Innovation Ecosystem
• 58 companies were surveyed in Cambodia
• Score ranging from 0 to 100, with 100 being the ideal state 9
Cambodia Competitiveness Index 4.0 - 2018
10
Thailand (38th)
Vietnam (77th)
11
Areas to focus
• Highly skilled workforce
• STEM education
• University-Industry linkage
• Technology and innovation
• R&D infrastructure and networks
• Technology adoption
• Policy and regulatory framework
• Policy alignment
• Coordination, implementation and monitoring
• Public Private Partnership12
Thank You
14
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