propaganda, revolution, independence
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PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT: Began in 1872
Not a radical movement nor independence but a peacefulcampaign for reforms such as:o Equality of Filipinos and SpaniardsoAssimilation of the Philippines as a regular province of
Spain
o Restoration of Philippine representation in the Spanish
Corteso Secularization of Philippine Parishes
o Individual Liberties for the Filipino people (freedom ofspeech/press/redress of grievances)
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PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT: Began in 1872
Not a radical movement but a peaceful campaign forreforms such as:o Equality of Filipinos and SpaniardsoAssimilation of the Philippines as a regular province of
Spain
o Restoration of Philippine representation in the Spanish
Corteso Secularization of Philippine Parishes
o Individual Liberties for the Filipino people (freedom ofspeech/press/redress of grievances)
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MARCELO H. DEL PILAR lawyer and journalist from Bulacan
During Pintakasi (cockfighting day) he spoke out to
the crowd by satirizing corrupt officials and friars. Sought to reach people through his pen.
wrote anti-friar pamphlets in simple yet forcefulTagalog.
helped established the first bilingual newspaper,Diaryong Tagalog
He became the editor in the Tagalog section.
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MARCELO H. DEL PILAR Released Dasalan at Tocsohan - manual of anti-clerical
commentary in the format of a novena
His stay in the country became dangerous. house was burned mysteriously
left the country in October 1888 to escapepersecution.
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GRACIANO LOPEZ-JAENA He wrote Fray Botod/Friar fatbelly in 1874.
Looked like hungry mosquito and soon became stout
because of the stocks taken from people. Because of his anti-clerical literature, he moved
Madrid where he joined other Filipino expatriates intojournalism.
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JOSE P. RIZAL Calamba, Laguna
1882, he went to Madrid to study medicine
Socio-historical novel Noli Me tangere in 1887. Noli reflected the defects of the Spanish rule in the
Philippines, particularly the abuses of the friars.
The impact of the reading in the Philippines was so
intense that it was prohibited in the Philippines.
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Other great Filipino reformist: Perdo A. Paterno, lawyer
Antonio Luna, pharmacist and essayist
Pedro Serrano Laktaw, teacher-tutor of Prince Alfonso Isabelo de los Reyes, folklorist and newspaperman
Juan Luna, painter (spoliarium)
Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo, painter
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La Solidaridad Sol/newspaper/feb. 15, 1889
Solidarity/purely Filipino organization
Established in Barcelona on December 31,1888. To make known the objectives of the Propaganda.
printed in Barcelona from Feb to Oct 1889
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sol contributors M.H. Del Pilar - Plaridel
Rizal Dimas Alang, Laong Laan
Mariano Ponce Naning, Kalipulako, TigbalangAntonio Luna Taga-Ilog
Ferdinand Blumentritt
Miguel Morayta Rizals professor in University ofMadrid
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THE AIMS OF LA SOLIDARIDAD To collect, gather libertarian ideas which are manifested daily in the
field of politics, science, art, literature, commerce, agriculture, and
industry.
To discuss all problems relating to the general interest of the nation
To seek solutions to those problems in high-level and democratic
manner.DEL PILAR:
The removal of the friars and the secularization of the parishes.
Active participation in the affairs of the government.
Freedom of speech, of the press, and of the assembly
A wider social and political freedom
Equality before the law
Assimilation
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MASONRYHelped them in their fight for reforms
Revolucion 1st Filipino Masonic lodge
founded by Jaena in Barcelona.wanted reforms, representation in the
Spanish Cortes
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La Liga Filipina Founded by Rizal on July 30, 1892 at the residence of
Doroteo Ongjunco in Ilaya, Tondo, Manila.
Sort of a mutual aid and self-help society, dispensingscholarship funds and legal aids, loaning capital andsetting up cooperatives.
Unus Instar Omnium (one like all)
Served as an avowal of their ideals.
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Objectives: Unification of the whole archipelago into one compact
Vigorous and homogenous body
Protection in cases of want and necessity Defense against violence and injustices
Encouragement of instruction, agriculture andcommerce
Study and implementation of reforms
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This situation alarmed the Spanishauthority.
July 6, 1892 - Rizal was secretly arrested byorder of Governor General Despujol;subsequently imprisoned at Fort Santiago;
deported to Dapitan, Zamboanga del Norte for
his allegedly subversive material the next day.
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KALAYAAN served as mouthpieceof the association
RED FLAG with 3 Ks has been adopted.
AUGUST 26, 1896 Bonifacio ended astormy meeting by tearing his cedula into
pieces before his followers.
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REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT:o First Phase: Ended with the PACT OF BIAK NA BATO
signed on Dec. 14, 1897.
o Rivalry between Bonifacio and Aguinaldo came to a head
oAguinaldo was elected President while Bonifacio waschosen as Minister of the Interior.
oWhen Bonifacio summoned another meeting, theAguinaldo group ignored.
oMAY 10, 1897 Bonifacio and his brother was takento the top of Mt. Buntis where Lazaro Makapagal wasordered by Mariano Noriel to shoot them both.
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PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE:
May 21, 1898 HOUR OF LIBERATION as Aguinaldocalled up the Filipinos to rise in arms
Three days later, Aguinaldo assumed DICTATORIAL
POWERS.JUNE 12, 1898 Dictator aguinaldo proclaimed the
independence of a new Philippine Republic with its ownflag (sewn by Mrs. FELIPE AGONCILLO) and its own
national anthem (composed by JULIAN FELIPE).
August 1, 1898 Promulgated the ACT OFINDEPENDECE
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