project myanmar 280515
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Master of International Health Care Management, Economics and Policy mihmep
Awonusi Olaitan; Bouchaab Mbarka; Lucibello Ilaria
28.05.2015
FEEDING THE FUTURE THROUGH AGRICULTURE: a project for Myanmar
HEALTH MANAGEMENT & POLICIES IN LOW INCOME COUNTRIES & EMERGING ECONOMIES
Myanmar demographic overview
Largest in mainland country in Southeast Asia: ~ 676.500 Km2
Population 2014: 51,4 Million (82 people/Km2)-54% are farmers
Confines with: Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand
Life expectancy at birth: 65 years
GDP per capita :$1105 and GDP grew by 8.3% in the last two years
Population in poverty: 26% (IHLCA)
Malnutrition in U5: 32%(3rd highest in the world)
Myanmar: agriculture
• Myanmar is traditionally an agricultural country and agriculture sector remains as a major contributor to GDP
• The share of export earnings is about 40%.
• Agriculture sector provides employment to more than 54 % of work force.
• Food security for the people and raw material production for domestic agrobased industries are heavily
dependent on the agricultural sector.
Myanmar: agriculture
• Myanmar set up the millennium development goals targeting 2015
• Significant progress has been achieved in various sectors including agriculture
• Major issues on the future development of agriculture sector :
regional food security,
extension of agricultural land,
enhancing participation of private entrepreneurs in agricultural activities, income generation activities through introducing new crops
encouraging farmers to cultivate environmental friendly crops.
Myanmar: agriculture
Agriculture is the main source of income for household
However, there are some challenges:
• small farm with limited productivity and poor supply chain
• subsistence-level holdings (land ownership)
• low quality input (lack of technology)
• lack of skills
• Post Harvest Loss-20% of production
Needs: stronger financial system, extension of services and farmer
education, supply chain improvement. Strengthening environment more
effective than subsidies
Main production in 2012
1 Rice, paddy
2 Sugar cane
3 Vegetables, fresh nes
4 Beans, dry
5 Maize
6 Fruit, fresh nes
7 Groundnuts, with shell
8 Milk
9 Onions, dry
10 Meat indigenous, chicken
Myanmar: agriculture
Myanmar is a rice-growing country. In past reached notable levels of production.
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 % Change
Thailand 7,376 9,557 10,011 8,570 9,500 10,000 5.26
Vietnam 4,705 4,522 4,649 5,950 5,750 5,800 0.87
Pakistan 3,579 2,696 3,900 3,000 3,300 3,600 9.09
US 3,260 3,003 3,219 2,992 3,300 3,350 1.52
India 4,537 6,301 3,383 2,150 2,200 2,500 13.64
Cambodia 350 450 500 800 850 900 5.88
China 1,216 1,340 969 783 850 900 5.88
Myanmar 47 31 541 1,052 600 700 16.67
World 29,098 31,851 29,689 29,147 29,756 31,350 5.36
Currently the post-harvest rice losses are about 10-20% of the total production
• Farmers, families and communities
• Ministry of Agriculture & Irrigation
• Food & Agriculture Organisation
• NGOs and other partners
• Myanmar Farmers’ Association
• Ministry of Commerce
• Ministry of Education & Health
• Ministry of finance
Beneficiaries and stakeholders
Stakeholders Beneficiaries
• Small scale farmers of Bago East, Mandalay and
Sagaing
• Families, communities and leaders
Consequences
Causes
Sickle reaping
Spillage
Low rice production
Harvest loss Poor production
Poor harvesting techniques
Low skills
Pest attack Poor
weather Poor seeds
Low household income
Low exportations
Field stacking
Marauder attack
Poor storage conditions
Poor technologies
Few storage facilities
Poor transport sys
Results
Means
Mechanic reaping
No spillage
High rice production
Good harvest Poor production
Mechanic harvesting
New skills
Pest attack Poor
weather Poor seeds
High household income
High exportations
Improved storage
No marauder
Silos storage
New technologies
New storage facilities
Improved transport sys
Indicators Sources of Verification Assumptions
Objective Increase national income through improved rice production
Increase in the % contribution of rice exportation to GDP from 17.5% to 20% by empowering small scale farmers by 2020
Ministry of finance Ministry of Trade & Commerce Ministry of Agriculture
Purpose Increase volume of rice exported
Annual change in tons of rice exported. From 700 metric tons in 2015 to 1000 metric tons to 2020.
Ministry of Agriculture annual publication on rice exportation Ministry of Trade
Government would have the capacity to manage the increase in rice production as a result of waste reduction and translate it into exportation
Results 1. Reduce post harvest loss by half
Decrease the % difference from 20% post harvest rice loss to 10% from 2015 to 2020 by maintaining same quality of yields from 2014 and training peer educator
Annual sample Surveys d rice harvest and volume sold conducted by the PO between 2015 & 2020 Survey on Number of Peer Educator trained on a quarterly basis
Trainings held would be well received and lead to changes in harvest practices Government and other technical partners would provide necessary inputs (land and human resource) Maintained level rice production
Logic framework matrix
Ref Results & Indicative Activities
Responsibility Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
1.1 Reduce Post Rice Harvest Loss by
Training
Activities
1.11 Conduct
baseline Survey of harvest loss
Extension Workers provided by
Regional Ministry of Agriculture
1.12
Needs Assessment for
training on modern
Harvesting Technique
Project officers
1.13 Design of Training
programme
PO & Regional Ministry of Agriculture
Activities schedule
Ref Results & Indicative Activities
Responsibility Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
1.1 Reduce Post Rice Harvest
Loss
Activities
1.14 Inform
Participants Extension Workers
1.15 Carry out Training
PO & Facilitators
1.16 Monitoring of
training of Peer Educators
PO
Activities schedule
Ref Results & Indicative Activities
Responsibility Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
1.20
Reduce Post Rice Harvest Loss by provision of Silos
and Transportation
Activities
1.21
Conduct baseline survey of storage
and transportation needs
Regional Ministry of Agriculture
1.22
Specification of type of silo and
warehouse transport needed
Regional Ministry of Agriculture
1.23 Review Tenders for
procurement PO and TC
Activities schedule
Ref
Results & Indicative Activities
Responsibility
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
1.20
Reduce Post Rice Harvest Loss by provision of Silos
and Transportation
Activities
1.24 Procurement & Supervision of
Installation
Regional Ministry of Agriculture
1.25 Awareness about availability of silos
and training
PO and Extension workers
1.26 Training of farmers on use of silos and
transport
PO & Contracted facilitators
Activities schedule
Activity Time Schedule Human resources Materials Costs($) Organization Responsible
Person Responsible
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
1.11 Extension Workers Surveys, Pen,
Transportation 0
Regional Ministry
Director of the Region
1.12 Project Officer,
Ad Hoc Staff
Surveys, Pens, Incentives,
Transportation 2000 Swissaid PO
1.15 6 expat facilitators
PO
Training aids and centres
Honorarium for expats 0 FAo
P0 ,FAO Technical Lead
1.21 PO Surveys, Pens,
Incentives, transportation
2000 Swissaid PO
1.24 PO, Technical installers,
builders
Sillos, Vehicles , Building Materials, Wages of workers
1,100,000 Swissaid + FAO Head, TC
1.26 4 facilitators Training Aids, Training
Centre 0 FAO
PO,FAO Technical Lead
Implementation plan
Activity/Inputs Units Quantity /Planning Period
Source of Fund
Project cost % of cost Recurrent Cost
1.1 Training on modern Harvest Practices
Materials/Equipment 25% Fuel Brochures 20% of total costs
Brochures 1600 100/quarter
Swissaid
$5,000
Training Aids 4 4/Quarter
FAO
0
Vehicles 2 2/Quarter
Swissaid
$100,000
Fuel 1000 lt 1000ltr/Quarter
Swissaid
100,000
Generator 1 10KVA
Swissaid
80,000
Training centre 1 3000/6monthly
Swissaid
50,000
Human Resources 50,000 15%
Facilitators 5 5/Quarter
FAO
0
Drivers 2 2/Quarter
Swissaid
10,000
Local Office 10%
Project officer 1 1 for project period
Swissaid
$37,500
Rent 1 1 per annum
Swissaid
144,000
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Activity/Inputs Units Quantity /Planning Period
Source of Fund
Project cost % of cost Recurrent Cost
1.2 Silos, Transportation and Trainings
Materials and equipment 40%
Fuel for generator & Vehicle, Maintenance, Facilitators for the first year, silo operators for Year 1 & 2
Transport vehicles 6 6 for project period
Swissaid
$120,000
SIlos 3 3 for project period
Swissaid
$1,200,000
Fuel 6 6 for project period
Swissaid
100,000
Generator 2000ltr
2000ltrs /quarter
Swissaid
80,000
Training centre 6 6 for the project period
Swissaid
50,000
Human resources 1 10% 35% of project cost
Facilitators 4 1 /quarter
FAO
0
Drivers 6 6 for project period
Swissaid
25,000
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• Policy Support:
- Policies granting extension workers more power to monitor
- Budget for maintenance
• Appropriate Technology:
-Harvesting practices would involve the use of affordable existing local technologies with new techniques
• Economic/Financial:
-Sensitivity analysis of Cost /Benefit
• Environmental Considerations
- Low energy consumption Silos
- Vehicles are hybrid to limit emission of gas
• Socio-Cultural & Gender Issues:
-Equal opportunity to Genders
-Reserved slots for women
Sustainability
• Myanmar economy is mainly based on agriculture
• Agriculture relies mainly on small farms
• Productivity in small scale farm is low
• Losses happen because of poor post-harvesting handling
• Related ongoing project: Hard work, but successful
Ensuring the work bears fruit
Increasing productivity through reduction of post-harvest losses will sustain export and increase household income.
Conclusion
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