progress in water safety plans in the who european region watsan@ecr.euro.who.int
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Progress in Water Safety Plans in the WHO European Regionwatsan@ecr.euro.who.int
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 2
WHY …
WHO Guidelines• Guidelines as basis for national standards
• Best available scientific evidence & expert consensus
• Focus on health protection and promotion
• Microbial, chemical and radiological hazards
• All types of water supply
• Subject to “rolling revision” – next 2008
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 3
WHY …
3rd Revision of the Guidelines (2004)• Continued important morbidity level• Repeated outbreaks of water-related disease• Long-established principles needed to be
systematised• Need for safety management “from source to tap”• Increased information on parameters makes
parametric control increasingly expensive and difficult
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 4
Parametric deviation detected:Too late to do much good
Consumer system
Distribution system
Water resources & sources
Treatment
Up to 24 hours later
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 5
Need for more holistic approach
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 6
FSDW: Health-based targets
• From national public health authority
• Quantitative public health benchmark
• Different types for different situations– Specified technology– Specified performance targets– Targets for water “quality”– Targets for desired health outcomes
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 7
WSP1: System assessment
Can the “system” deliver water meeting the health-based targets?
• Identify hazards and threats
• Which steps prevent/reduce contamination?
• Do their combined efforts lead to water safety ?
• Outcome defines system improvements
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 8
Risk assessment risk management
• Risk avoidance : management of the resource - EUWFD• Risk removal : operating procedures and actions remove
risk throughout the production, distribution and delivery. Water supply relies on an incremental risk reduction by
a number of barriers
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 9
Water supply is complex
• Water supply is a sum of parts• Control measures are activities• Most controls are not engineered
– Standard Operating Procedures apply
More barriers = more confidence
Water TreatmentWorks
Water TreatmentWorks
Storage
Disinfection
Booster pumping
Disinfection
Resource
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 10
WSP 2: Operational monitoring
Monitoring control measures ensure system consistently meets targets
• Monitoring at each step identified in system assessment to ensure controls are working
• Monitoring frequency appropriate to step Reduces reliance on end-point testing
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 11
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 12
WSP 3: Management plans
Documenting system assessment (including upgrading plans) and monitoring and describing management in normal and incident conditions including communication plans
• Procedures for routine management• Procedures for emergencies and “incidents”• Communication lines and info management
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 13
FSDW Surveillance/Verification
Systematic independent surveillance to verify that the Water Safety Plan is operating properly
• Different approaches– Direct investigation: end-point testing as final “check”– Audit of the entire WSP– To be used as long-term database
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 14
WSPs are dynamic…
PREPARATION
SYSTEM ASSESSMENT
Description Hazards and RisksValidate controls
Improve plan
OPERATIONAL MONITORING
Validation
MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
Develop management proceduresDevelop supporting programmes
UPGRADE THE WSP
INCIDENT
FEEDBACKRevise WSP post incident
Periodic WSP review
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 15
HOW & WHEN
• Preparatory project meeting– WHO regional office for Europe 22 May 2006
• Field visits using questionnaires & interviews at centralized water utilities and small scale water supply systems
• Summary meeting– WHO Headquarters 2007
• Presentation to Art 12 Committee May 2007
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 16
WHERE
Austria Tulln
Lithuania Klaipedos, Neringos
Spain Sant Joan, Barcelona
Castellar del Valles
Switzerland Lenzburg
United Kingdom
Wessex Water, Anglian Water
Scottish Water
Australia
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 17
General recommendations
• Soundness and feasibility• Benefits (health)• Benefits (utility)• Benefits (consumers)• Costs• Additional concerns
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 18
SOUND AND FEASIBLE
• WSP complements current end-product testing requirements and continuously safeguards health.
• Feasibility assessment on location generally favourable.• WSP-type approach needs to be in wider framework of
surveillance and support.• Characteristics of small water supply systems need to be
recognized.
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 19
Public health benefits
• Equitable societal benefits require that WSP-type approaches apply regardless of structure, management, size or origin.
• Greater confidence in management of “overlooked” supplies.
• Better understanding in operational aspects of supplying drinking water.
• (Better) cooperation between supplier, health and environment sector.
• RARM include evaluation of disruptions and ultimately increased reliability
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 20
Benefits to suppliers
• Satisfied customers who trust their suppliers
• Often better understanding of their own system with documented and SOP
• Mutual support systems
• Regulatory harmony
• Much greater due diligence in rare cases where things do go wrong
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 21
Utility cost benefits
• Reality test assessing robustness of system and quality of management system
• Targets resources towards critical issues
• Promotes reasonable basis for investments
• Effective tool in priority setting for capital and operational expenses
• Cost are self-regulatory• Benefits outweigh the costs of
the implementation of WSP• Smaller utilities may face a
higher burden• Health impacts may remain
below the detection level except for outbreaks
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 22
Benefits to consumers
• Better drinking water• Improved reliability of the quality of the water
supplied• Improved reliability of the continuity of the water
supply, and in the pressure at tap• Greater confidence in their supplies, and in their
suppliersSAFE AND TRUSTED DRINKING WATER AT
TAP
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 23
Project results
1. General recommendations
2. Legal issues
3. Supporting measures
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 24
Project results
1. General recommendations
2. Legal issues
3. Supporting measures
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 25
Guidance documents
• Guidance documents developed, also with assistance of professional associations.
• Training needed by national staff.• Information and outreach needed o public at
large to ensure buy-in during implementation.• Standardized guidance through the WHO IWA
Water Safety Plan Manual
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 26
A picture is worth a thousand words…
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 27
Preparation
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 28
Risk assessment matrix
• Risk assessment risk management matrix (Lenzburg)
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 29
Importance of senior management support
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 30
Documentation
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 31
Systems at risk from trespassers … or vice versa
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 32
Prevention
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 33
Verification
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 34
Old and new
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 35
Private water supplies
• Unknown origin• Unknown level of protection• But can be producing very important volumes
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 36
Speeches are like steer horns - a point here
- a point there
- and a lot of bull in between
March 17, 2009 IWA Conf Istanbul 37
Do we produce water that future generations can safely drink?
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