professor a g constantinides 1 digital signal processing & digital filters an introductory...
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1 Professor A G Constantinides
Digital Signal Processing & Digital Signal Processing & Digital FiltersDigital Filters
An Introductory Course
By
Professor A G Constantinides
MSc, EE4, ISE4, PhD
2 Professor A G Constantinides
DIGITAL FILTERSDIGITAL FILTERS
• In this course you will learn:• What are the general properties of a digital filter
transfer function and amplitude response?• How to choose an appropriate filter response.• Why Butterworth responses are maximally flat.• Why Chebyshev and Elliptic responses are
equiripple.• When to choose an IIR and when an FIR filter
3 Professor A G Constantinides
DIGITAL FILTERSDIGITAL FILTERS
• How do you design FIR and IIR filters from specifications on amplitude performance?
• What are multirate systems and their properties?• What is interpolation / Upsampling and
Decimation / Downsampling?• How do you design efficient Decimation and
Interpolation systems?• What are frequency transformations and how do
you design these from performance specifications?• How accurate is the DFT as a spectrum estimator?
4 Professor A G Constantinides
DIGITAL FILTERSDIGITAL FILTERS
• What are short FFT algorithms?
• How do you choose the required wordlength?
• What are Fast Convolutions and how are they realised?
• How do you deal with a DSP problem in practice?
5 Professor A G Constantinides
Course contentCourse content
• 1-Introduction 19• 2-z transform 17• 3-transfer functions 36• 4-Signal Flow Graphs 25• 5-digital filters intro 18• 6-Digital Filters (FIR) 40• 7-Digital Filters (IIR) 28 • 8-DFT 21
6 Professor A G Constantinides
Course contentCourse content
• 9-DFT_one2two 29 • 10-Fourier transform & DFT 14 • 11-general transforms 10 • 12-running DFT 05 • 13-convolutions & transforms 07• 14-interpolation_decimation 32• 15-Finite Wordlength 27 • 16-applications 27
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Course contentCourse content
Filter Characteristics (Introductory) General Amplitude responses. Filter Characteristics• Butterworth• Chebyshev• Elliptic Interpreting Filter Specifications. The Bilinear z-Transform. Frequency Transformations.• Design Demonstrations.
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DIGITAL FILTERSDIGITAL FILTERS
• FIR Filters, Structures and Design Lowpass Prototypes. Symmetry Conditions. Review of Windows. Optimisation Techniques for FIR filter
Design. Realisation models. Differentiator and Hilbert Transform. Design Examples• Design Demonstrations
9 Professor A G Constantinides
DIGITAL FILTERSDIGITAL FILTERS
• Multi-rate FIR and IIR Filters What is multirate filtering and why the
need? Downsampling / Upsampling. Polyphase filtering techniques. Interpolation / Decimation. General Sample Rate Change. Design Examples.• Applications
10 Professor A G Constantinides
DIGITAL FILTERSDIGITAL FILTERSThe Discrete Fourier Transform and the FFT Review and Definitions. Zero packing; zero extending. Radix 2/4/8 & Arbitrary Radix Transforms. Cook-Toom Algorithm. Thomas-Good Algorithm; The Chinese
Remainder Theorem. Winograd Fourier Transforms. Prime Radix Transforms and Consequences. Wordlength; Scaling. Design Procedures in practice.
11 Professor A G Constantinides
DIGITAL FILTERSDIGITAL FILTERS
• InThe DFT as a Filtering Operator Review of Fast Convolutions. Cyclic and Acyclic Convolutions. Overlap Add; Overlap Save. Narrow Band Filter Banks. Autocorrelation, Crosscorrelation. Performance measures.
12 Professor A G Constantinides
DIGITAL FILTERSDIGITAL FILTERS
BOOKS• Course text book: Digital Signal
Processing: A computer Based Approach, S K Mitra, McGraw Hill
• Other books:• Introduction to Digital Signal Processing,
Kuc, McGraw Hill• Digital Signal Processing, Roberts &
Mullis, Addison Wesley• Digital Filters, Antoniou, McGraw Hill
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DIGITAL FILTERSDIGITAL FILTERS
Analogue Vs Digital Signal Processing
Reliability:
Analogue system performance degrades due to:
Long term drift (ageing)
Short term drift (temperature?)
Sensitivity to voltage instability.
Batch-to-Batch component variation.
High discrete component count
Interconnection failures
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DIGITAL FILTERSDIGITAL FILTERSDigital Systems: No short or long term drifts. Relative immunity to minor power supply
variations. Virtually identical components. IC’s have > 15 year lifetime Development costs * System changes at design / development
stage only software changes. Digital system simulation is realistic.
DSP chips available as well as ASIC realisations
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DIGITAL FILTERSDIGITAL FILTERS
Power aspects
Size
• Dissipation
16 Professor A G Constantinides
ApplicationsApplications
Radarsys / Sonarsys
Doppler filters.
Clutter Suppression.
Matched filters.
Target tracking.
• Identification
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DIGITAL FILTERSDIGITAL FILTERS
Image Processing
• Image data compression.
• Image filtering.
• Image enhancement.
• Spectral Analysis.
• Scene Analysis / Pattern recognition.
18 Professor A G Constantinides
DIGITAL FILTERSDIGITAL FILTERS
Biomedical Signal Analysis
• Spatial image enhancement. (X-rays)
• Spectral Analysis.
• 3-D reconstruction from projections.
• Digital filtering and Data compression.
19 Professor A G Constantinides
DIGITAL FILTERSDIGITAL FILTERS
Music
• Music recording.
• Multi-track “mixing”.
• CD and DAT.
• Filtering / Synthesis / Special effects.
20 Professor A G Constantinides
DIGITAL FILTERSDIGITAL FILTERS
Seismic Signal Analysis
• Bandpass Filtering for S/N improvement.
• Predictive deconvolution to extract reverberation characteristics.
• Optimal filtering. (Wiener and Kalman.)
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DIGITAL FILTERSDIGITAL FILTERS
• In
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DIGITAL FILTERSDIGITAL FILTERS
Telecommunications and Consumer Products
• These are the largest and most pervasive applications of DSP and Digital Filtering
• Mobile
• Digital Recording
• Digital Cameras
• Blue Tooth or similar
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