production technology of garden pea

Pisum sativum L.

Fabaceae

2n = 14

Central Asia

Production technology of garden pea

Ningappa Kirasur

2014-12-129

Dept. of Olericulture

COH, Vellanikkara1

Important vegetable crop grown all over the world

Grown as winter crop in India

Highly nutritive and rich source of protein 7%

Used as fresh vegetable, canned or dehydrated

The average yield in India is 6.12t/ha

Contd…

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Soil and Climate

Well drained loamy soil with optimum pH range of 6 -7.5

is ideal

Thrives well in cool weather

Withstands low temperature at the seedling stage

Grows best at a temperature of 10-18 0C

Optimum temperature for seed germination 22 0C3

Season

Central plains – Oct. - Nov.

Northern hills – Jun. - Jul.

Seed rate

Early crop 100-120 kg ha -1

Mid and late crop 80-90 kg ha -1

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Varieties

Based on seed

Smooth seeded

Wrinkled seeded

Based on height

Bushy

Medium tall

Tall

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Ooty 1:

Crop duration of 90 days

Dwarf type with yield potential of 11.9 t/ha

Resistant to white fly

Bonneville:

It is very popular variety in India

Introduced from USA

Yield 10t/ha, susceptible to powdery

mildew

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Contd…

Arka Ajit:

Released from IIHR, Bangalore

Resistant to powdery mildew and rust

Yield 10t/ha in 90 days

Jawahar Matar - 2:

Bigger size pods

Yield 10-12t/ha

Susceptible to powdery

mildew7

Contd…

UN 53 :

Snap pea (whole pod edible)

From IIHR- Bangluru

Yield 8- 9 t/ ha

Duration- 90 days

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Contd…

Arkel:

Most popular exotic pea introduced from England

Susceptible to collar rot

Yield 5t/ha

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Other varieties

Harbhajan

FC 1

JP 4

JP 19

Lincoln

Mattar Ageta 6

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Seed treatment

Treat the seeds with Trichoderma 4 g/kg or Thiram or

Captan at 2 g/kg of seed

To avoid seed borne diseases

Apply 2 kg Phosphobacterium as soil application

before sowing

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Land preparation

Thorough preparation of the land is necessary for pea

crop for better growth

This fix large quantity of atmospheric nitrogen to soil

This is achieved by soil turning plough followed by

one or two harrowing

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Methods of sowing

Broadcasting

Behind the country plough

By dibbling

Spacing

Early varieties 30 cm x 5-10 cm

Mid and late varieties 45 cm x 10 cm

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Irrigation

Do not irrigate the crop immediately after sowing

Results in poor germination due to formation of hard crust

Life saving irrigation is given on 3rd day after sowing

Irrigation is done once in a week

critical stages for irrigation are flowering, fruit set and grain

filling stage

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Manuring

FYM 20 t/ha

N - 60 kg /ha, P2O5 - 80 kg/ha and K2O - 70 kg K/ha as

basal dose

apply N - 60 kg /ha on 30 days after sowing

Foliar sprays of ammonium molybdate 0.1% at flowering

Increased yield and quality

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After cultivation

Weeding:

Done 15 days after sowing

Subsequent weeding is done as and when necessary

Pre-sowing application of Basalin 3 lit/ha

Staking:

Most important operation especially for tall varieties

Stake the plants on 30 days after sowing

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Staking

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Harvesting

Peas must be harvested at proper stage of pod maturity

Early varieties in 50days after sowing

Mid and late varieties in 60-75days after sowing

Maturity of pea tested with Tenderometer

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Mechanical harvesting

Manual harvesting

Contd…

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Contd….

Delayed harvesting leads to fibrous pod

Its bring down the market value of the produce

Higher temperature at harvest affects quality

Yield

Early varieties: 2.5-4t/ha

Mid-varieties: 6-7.5t/ha

Late varieties: 8-10t/ha20

Storage

Peas are perishable and get heated easily in storage

Fresh unshelled peas are kept at 00 C and 90-95%

RH for 2 weeks

Pods freezes at -10 0C

Shelling percentage ranged from 35-50%

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Pest incidence

Pod borer: Heliothes sp.

Symptoms:Larvae feed on foliage and pod

Destroys buds, flowers, and pods

Management:

Spray Carbaryl 50 WP at 2 g/lit

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Pea aphid: Acyrthosiphon pisum

Symptoms:

Adults and nymphs suck sap from leaves

Leaves turn yellowish green and wilt

Management

Spray Phosphamidon at 1 ml/lit

Contd…

Pea aphids24

Disease incidence

Powdery mildew : Erysiphe polygoni

Symptoms:

Appears as on foliage and pods

First small slightly darkened areas, later become

white powdery spots

Spots enlarge and cover entire leaf area

Infected leaves become chloratic and distorted

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Management:

Apply inorganic sulphur at 0.25%

Powdery mildew symptoms

Contd…

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Thank you

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