production of bioethanol from sugarcane in indonesia
Post on 31-Dec-2015
57 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Production of Bioethanol from Production of Bioethanol from
Sugarcane in Indonesia
Angga Ariamanggala Ginandjar 28344
Iria Regueiro Carrera 26657
Rifki Andika Habibi 28345
Sildarista Fukohani 27456
Sin Pauliana Agustin 28268
Contents
• Introduction
• Objectives• Objectives
• Bioethanol Process
• Bioethanol in Indonesia
• Ethanol production process from sugarcane
Conclusions• Conclusions
• References
Introduction
• 21% contribution to the green houses gases is from • 21% contribution to the green houses gases is from
transport sector
• European comission set the target of 5.75% in the
transportation sector by 2010
Objective
Production of 15000 l/d bioethanol from
sugarcanesugarcane
Biofuels
• help to reduce fossil fuel strong dependence
• decreasing air pollution• decreasing air pollution
• promoting rural development
• enhancing local economy
• bioethanol is one of the principle emerging alternative fuels used as a petrol substitute for road transport vehicles
• the low degree of technical changes to be performed in • the low degree of technical changes to be performed in the vehicle engine�the only technical option available in the market to reduce significantly CO2 emissions from fossil fuels in transportation on a short-term basis
Bioethanol Production Processes
Indonesian Goverment Target in
Biofuels
25
Indonesian Target
9.84
22.26
10
15
20
million kiloliters
5.29
0
5
2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026
Bioethanol in Indonesia
Ethanol production in Indonesia was about 0.14 million
kiloliters in 2007 and the economy plan to reach 3.77 million
kiloliters in 2010
Bioethanol based on its raw material
Sources Harvesting Ethanol yieldsSources Harvesting
yields
Ethanol yields
tons/ha.year l/ton l/ha.year
Sugarcane 75 67 5025
Cassava 25 180 4500
Yam 62.5 125 7812
Sustainable supply of raw materials
• Sugarcane harvest is in 8-10 months
• Providing 3 main areas for farming, the time • Providing 3 main areas for farming, the time
planting distance between first and second
area is 4 months and the same with the
second and third area will result sustainable
supply of sugarcane whole yearsupply of sugarcane whole year
• In order to secure the supply of sugarcane,
one additional area can be implemented
Sugarcane demand and farming area
requirements
The mass balance for processing one ton of
sugarcane is either:sugarcane is either:
• 1 t sugarcane = 107 kg sugar + 12 l ethanol, or
• 1 t sugarcane = 80 l ethanol
• Production of 15000 l/d bioethanol�187.5 • Production of 15000 l/d bioethanol�187.5
ton/d of sugarcane
• 912.5 ha. of farming area
Bagasse
• Fibrous residue remaining after sugarcane or sorghum • Fibrous residue remaining after sugarcane or sorghum
stalks are crushed to extract their juice
• For each 10 tons of sugarcane crushed, a sugar factory
produces nearly 3 tones of wet bagasse
• Bagasse from sugarcane contains almost 50% of
cellulose. cellulose.
• Cellulose itself has calorific value almost similar as wood
which approximately 16000 kJ/kg.
• Bagasse prospectively can be used in the plant as a fuel
in the combustion chamber to produce heat or power
Mapping the Farming Area in Indonesia
• 110 M ha and 8.5 M ha fallow farmland
• fallow farmland is available for development of crop cultivation
• some islands, e.g. Sumatera and Java, the areas for farming are in huge amount
(shown in pink color)
Ethanol Production from Sugarcane
Process flow diagram
Bioethanol purification process flow
diagram
Hand calculation
Assumption:
• feed temperature enter the rectification • feed temperature enter the rectification
column is 47.03 degree
• Feed: 18,19% ethanol mass fraction
• Bottom product: 11,68%-mass fraction
ethanolethanol
Ponchon-Savarit Diagram
Number of theoretical stages: ?
Mass flow of feed and waste
• Mass flow of feed
• Mass flow of waste
Heat flow in condenser and evaporator
• Heat of reflux
• Heat of product
• Heat flow in condenser
• Heat flow in evaporator
Bagasse combustion: Grate Firing
• Suitable for different particle size
• Suitable for fuel with high water content
• It has heating ranges (fuels) of: 5 MJ/kg - 20 MJ/kg (biomass
included in it)
HHV and LHV
C 0,269 26,9 %
H 0,0357 3,57 %• Higher Heating Value (HHV) or Gross Calorific Value
(GCV) in BTU/LbH 0,0357 3,57 %
O 0,234 23,4 %
N 0,0011 0,11 %
S 0,00055 0,055 %
Ash 0,00825 0,825 %
Moisture 0,45 45 %
(GCV) in BTU/Lb
• Lower Heating Value (LHV) or Lower Calorific Value
(LCV) or Net Calorific Value (NCV) in BTU/lb
HHV 4329.528 BTU/lb 10070.5 kJ/kg
LHV 3535.089 BTU/lb 8222.631 kJ/kg
Loss consideration
Unburnt fuel loss
• Depends up on type of Boiler grate, grate loading and type of fuel
• For biomass fuels, it ranges from 1.5 to 3 %,• For biomass fuels, it ranges from 1.5 to 3 %,
• Assumption of the loss burn fuel is 2%
• Loss unburnt fuel = HHV x 2% = 201.41 kJ/kg
Radiation loss
• Hot boiler casing loosing heat to ambient
• Assume of the radiation Loss , Lf = 0.4 % in this case• Assume of the radiation Loss , Lf = 0.4 % in this case
• Radiation loss (4%) = HHV x 0.4% = 40.282 kJ/kg
• Final HHV = HHV – Unburnt fuel loss – Radiation Loss = 9828.808 kJ/kg
• Energy of steam = 1693.07 kW
Mass of Steam needed
• Temperature Steam = 150.05 oC
• Pressure = 4 bar
• Enthalpy = 2753 kJ/kg (from steam table)
• Temperature Water inlet = 60 oC
• Enthalpy = 251 kJ/kg (from steam table)
• Saturated Water enthalpy = 1235,11 kJ/kg (from
steam table)
•
Blowdown consideration
Usually 1 – 3% of the water flow is used for
blowdown. blowdown.
• Assumption of 2% is used
• Heat in blowdown water = 3,35 kW
• Mass of bagasse
• Bagasse production/day � 56.25 ton >> 15
ton (demand of bagasse fulfilled!)
Project map and distribution system
Bioethanol purification using the
steam injection system
Stream conditions of steam injection
system
Fermentation Steam 1 Stillage 2 Waste 4 Product 5 6
Vapour fraction 0,00 1,00 1,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
Temperature (K) 323,15 423,15 358,86 371,77 371,77 359,24 336,70 353,69 374,68 374,68
Pressure (bar) 1,50 4,00 1,20 1,30 1,30 1,30 1,50 1,10 1,20 1,20
Molar Flow
(kgmole/h)303,00 52,54 17,06 342,00 340,51 340,51 303,00 13,55 3,50 3,51
mass flow (kg/h) 6.138,62 946,59 588,83 6.560,81 6.532,07 6.532,07 6.138,62 524,46 64,37 64,43
Liquid Volume
Flow (L/d)1,54E+05 2,28E+04 1,70E+04 1,62E+05 1,61E+05 1,61E+05 1,54E+05 1,54E+04 1,56E+03 1,56E+03
Heat Flow (kJ/h) -8,55E+07 -1,25E+07 -3,99E+06 -9,53E+07 -9,49E+07 -9,53E+07 -8,52E+07 -3,69E+06 -9,78E+05 -9,78E+05
Comp Mole
fraction (Ethanol)0,08 0,00 0,59 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,08 0,74 0,01 0,01
Comp Mole0,92 1,00 0,41 0,96 0,96 0,96 0,92 0,26 0,99 0,99
Comp Mole
fraction (H2O)0,92 1,00 0,41 0,96 0,96 0,96 0,92 0,26 0,99 0,99
Q-100 Q-101 Q-102 Q-103
Heat Flow (kW) 192,75 0,00 107,32 294,97
Bioethanol purification using the
reboiler system
Stream conditions of reboiler system
Fermentation 1 Stillage 2 Waste 4 Product 5 6 Steam 7
Vapour fraction 0,00 1,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,00 0,00
Temperature (K) 303,15 358,62 370,84 370,77 352,37 320,18 353,69 374,75 374,75 423,15 416,78
Pressure (bar) 1,50 1,20 1,30 1,30 1,30 1,50 1,10 1,20 1,20 4,00 4,00
Molar Flow
(kgmole/h)303,00 17,06 289,26 288,70 288,70 303,00 13,75 3,30 3,31 67,27 67,27
mass flow (kg/h) 6138,62 592,92 5606,54 5600,25 5600,25 6138,62 532,24 60,67 60,83 1211,79 1211,79
Liquid Volume
Flow (L/d)6,43 0,71 5,78 5,78 5,78 6,43 0,65 0,06 0,06 1,21 1,21
Heat Flow (kJ/h) -8,60E+07 -3,99E+06 -8,06E+07 -8,05E+07 -8,09E+07 -8,56E+07 -3,75E+06 -9,22E+05 -9,24E+05 -1,60E+07 -1,86E+07
Comp Mole
fraction Ethanol)8,00E-02 5,97E-01 4,87E-02 4,93E-02 4,93E-02 8,00E-02 7,37E-01 1,22E-02 1,23E-02 0,00E+00 0,00E+00
Comp MoleComp Mole
fraction (H2O)0,92 0,40 0,95 0,95 0,95 0,92 0,26 0,99 0,99 1,00 1,00
Q-100 Q-101 Q-102 Q-103
Heat Flow (kW) 192,29 722,93 111,79 299,35
Steam injection vs Reboiler
• Steam injection system is more efficient in costing, because only use 1 reboiler, for the costing, because only use 1 reboiler, for the second column
• Steam injection system more efficient in maintenance cost, because maintain only 1 reboiler.
• Steam injection system is more efficient in utility, • Steam injection system is more efficient in utility, from data, the needed steam for steam injection is around 22718 ton/day and for reboiler system is 24674 ton/day.
Conclusions
Hand Calculation Hysys
Mass Flow Feed 6048.14 kg/h 6138.62 kg/h
Mass Flow Waste 5548.08 kg/h 5600.25 kg/h
• Mass Flow Sugarcane : 187.5 ton/d
• Baggase Production : 56.25 ton/d
• Baggase Usage : 15 ton/d
• Baggase Usage for Boiler : 7.03 ton/d
Mass Flow Waste 5548.08 kg/h 5600.25 kg/h
Heat of Reboiler 793.68 kW 834.72 kW
• Baggase Usage for Boiler : 7.03 ton/d
• Environmental friendly � Bagasse usage to cover steam consumption in distillation system
Thank you for your attention
top related