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Proceedings of
The Third Asian-Pacific International
Symposium on
Combustion and Energy Utilization
Hong Kong 11-15 December, 1995
Volume I
Keynote Lectures
Air Pollution from Combustion Processes
Practical Combustion Systems
Organized by:
The Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
The Institute of Engineering Thermophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
UB/TIB Hannover 89116478 977.
Contents Page
Preface j
Membership Lists jj
Contents v
Volumn I Keynote Lectures K1-K30
A) Air Pollution From Combustion Processes 1-158B) Practical Combustion Systems 159-332
Keynote Papers
Pyrolytic Aspects of CombustionAntonio D 'Alessio K1
China's Energy Industry: Its Development and ProspectsFan Weitang K7
Fundamental Droplet Processes in Spray Vaporization and CombustionC.K.Law K15
The Reaction of Coal at High Intensities in Combustion and Gasification SystemsI.W. Smith K25
A) Air Pollution From Combustion Processes
An Investigation on Formation Mechanisms and Minimization of ExhaustHydrocarbon Emissions from Spark Ignition Engines
Huang Zuohua, Pan Keyu, Zhou Longbao and Jiang Denting 1
The Evolution of Coal Components and Its Effect on Pollutant Formation at Early Stage of PulverizedCoal Combustion
Zhou Jin, S. Godoy and F. C. Lockwood 7
Air Pollution from Combustion Process of Heavy Liquid FuelsSt. Slupek, J. Kozinski, R. Sekula, P. Brzychczyk and S. Leszczynski 13
Simulation of the Effects of Burner Operating Conditions on the Emissions of Nitric Oxide from aHeavy Fuel Oil Fired Furnace
M.A. Byrnes, E.A. Foumeny and T. Mahmud 19
Alternative Fuels for Automotive I.C. Engines and Some Results of Application to S.I. and C.I. EngineAndrzej Kowalewicz and Wincenty Lotko 25
The Fulfilment of Future Environmental Regulations and the Use of Alternative Fuels Seems to bePossible by a New 2-stroke Stratified Charge Engine
Herbert H. Heitland, Gerhart Rinne and KrzysztofWislocki 32
Investigation of the Role of Nitric Oxide in Hydrocarbon Oxidation in a Single Cylinder ResearchEngine and a High Pressure Flow Reactor
Srinivasa K. Prabhu, David L. Miller and Nicholas P. Cernansky 38
Kinetics of Soot Formation at Pyrolysis of C2-HydrocarbonsA.V. Krestinin
Flame Structure and Pollutant Emission Characteristics of Noncircular Partially Premixed LaminarGas Jets
Samir Subba and S.R. Gollahalli 50
1,1,1-Trichloroethane and 1,1-Dichloroethylene Pyrolysis and Oxidation in CH4/O2 Mixtures:Experiment and Detailed Mechanism
Yo-ping G. Wu and Joseph W. Bozzelli 56
The Formation of Toxic Byproducts During High Temperature Post-Flame Oxidation of ChlorinatedHydrocarbons in a Laboratory Scale Reactor
Wolfgang Vitovec, Brian S. Higgins, Donald Lucas, Catherine P. Koshland and Robert F. Sawyer 62
The Study of Ignition Characteristics, Soot and PAH Production from Liquid Spray Combustion ofHydrocarbons in a Shock Tube
R. Wang, P. Cadman and N. Huq 67
Effect of Post-flame Fuel Injection on the Destruction of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons and NOConversion
Shuncheng Lee, Catherine P. Koshland, Donald Lucas and Rebert F. Sawyer 73
Destruction Chemistry of Trimethyl Phosphate in Hj/Oj/Ar Flame Studied by Molecular BeamMass-Spectrometry
O.P. Korobeinichev, A.A. Chernov and V.M. Shvartsberg 79
Experimental Research of Municipal Solid Wastes Combustion Characteristics and NumericalModeling of Its Incineration Process in the Forward Reciprocating Grate
Jian Ruimin, Zhang Hesheng and Chen Dezhen 84
Emissions from Non-Optimum Combustion of Artificial Household RefuseX.J. Zhang and F. Peterson 90
Reduction of N2O from Fluidized Bed Combustion with Afterburning Modelling of the ReactionChemistry
Lennart Gustavsson, Peter Glarborg and Bo Leckner 96
NOX Emissions of Municipal Solid Wastes Incineration; Combustion Experiments in a Counter FlowFixed Bed Reactor and in a Rotary Kiln Incinerator
Jabouille F., Zhou X, Kerdsuwan S., Bregeon B. and Goudeau J.C. 102
An Experimental and Theoretical Study of NO Reduction by Natural Gas RebumingH. Liu, T. Luan, B.M. Gibbs and E. Hampansoumian 109
Fluidized Co-combustion of Waste Tire and Industrial Sludge in a Circulation Fluidized-bedIncinerator
David Yih-Liang Tzan and Ching-I. Juch 115
The Influence of Combustion Air on the PAH Emission During The Combustion of OilR. Wilk, Z. Zielinski and A. &/pt 122
Evaluation for Reduced Greenhouse by Using Supercritical Parameters in Power PlantsD.Y. Liu and A.G. Mclean 128
The Effects of Flame inserts on the Emissions from Domestic Natural Gas Cooktop BurnersR. Junus, J.F. Stubington and G.D. Sergeant 133
Simultaneous Measurements of NO and Soot Concentration in the Gaseous Diffusion Flame byYAG Laser
Osami Nishida, Hirotsugu Fujlta, Wataru Harano, Takahito Okamoto, Hirofumi Yamamoto.Jkuo Ishizuka, Katsuo Moritaand Koichi Sakai J39
NOX Formation in a Highly Turbulent Opposed Jet Premixed BurnerA. Yoshida. T. Uchikura, J. Itoh and Y. Kotani 1 4 5
VI
Further Studies on Radical Emission Mechanism in the Combustion of AcetyleneKazuhikoNoda JJJ
Ecological Disposal of Heterogeneous PropellantTomds Dosoudil and Jiii Chlddek I55
B) Practical Combustion Systems
Investigation of a Square Rijke-type Pulse Combustor for CoalZ.L. Shi, J.H. Tu, Y.J. Zhong, H. Yon, X.P. Wu, F.L. Chen and W.G. Xu 159
An Experimental Study on the Combustion Characteristics of High Velocity Gas BurnerWon-Bae Kim, Dae-Hun Chung and Je-Bok Yang 164
Automatic Combustion Equipment for Wood Chips and Sod PeatHeikki Oravainen 170
Driving of Different Modes in a Rijke-Like Pulse CombustorT. Bai, X.C. Cheng, B.R. Daniel, J.I. Jagoda andB.T. Zinn 177
Experimental Studies on Supersonic Combustion Employing Transverse Hydrogen InjectionSatish Kumar, B.V.N. Charyulu, P. Venugopalan, CM. Varaprasad and Manoj Kumar 183
A New Kind of Engine - Scroll EngineZ.L. Gu and Y.Z. Yu 189
Study on Fabrication and Gasification of Coal Briquet with Peat ClayLiu Huaxin 195
An Innovation in Burner of Large Scale Open Hearth FurnaceX.Q. Zhang and Y.M. Huang 201
Experimental and Theoretical Investigations on the Formation of Self-sustained PressureOscillations in a Low-NOx Burner
H. Biichnerand W. Leuckel 205
Rapid Pyrolysis of Bagasse at High TemperatureRolando Zanzi, Krister Sjostrom and Emilia Bjornbom 211
3-D Numerical Simulation of Two-Phase Flow in a Proposed Pulverized-Coal Combustor withMultiple Functions and Low Emission of Pollutants
Biao Zhou and Chengkang Wu 216
The Effect of Sulfur Poisoning of Dimethyl Disulfide on the Catalytic Incineration over a Pt/AI2O3
CatalystH. Chu and W.T. Lee 222
The Effect of Operating Conditions on Particle Circulation in Fluidized Bed Using a QuantitativeCriterion
Longin Przybylski and Zbigniew Garncarek 228
Design and Operating Experience on the Optimization of the 75 T/H Staged CFBC Boiler withLouver Separators
Yon Guizhang, Na Yongjie, Lu Qinggang and Wang Ta-San Z J 4
An Experimental Study on CWS Combustion in an Industrial Boiler Designed Specially for Burning
Chen Lifang, Zhan Huanqing, Sun Wenchao. Wang Zhiming, Xu Guoxing. Wang Youting andXiaShuyi 238
An Experimental Evaluation on the Combustion Characteristics of Industrial Coal Briquette ^Fang Wang
Vll
Combustion Stabilized by a Wedge: Experimental Analysis of the Wake Restructuring Induced byCombustion
S. Duplantier, P. Bruel and B. Deshaies 249
Geometrical Parameters for Flows Across Axial SwirlersH.S. Couto, W.F. Muniz and D. Bastos-Netto 255
A Study on the Stabilization Characteristics of the Diffusion Flame Formed Behind a Bluff BodyK.K. Song, J.G. An and Y.Y. Bae 261
Experimental Investigation of Premixed Combustion within a Porous Medium Burner: TransientBehavior and Control of Flame
In Gweon Lint and Suk Ho Chung 267
Performance Characteristics of Twin-Plate Flameholder with By-path Fuel InjectionMuh-Rong Wang, Kuang-De Jen and Wei-Hsiang Lai 273
The Counter Wall Jet - Stabilizer of Burning and Intensifier of Heat TransferV.P. Lebedev, M.I. Nizovtsev and V.I. Terekhov 279
Experimental Studies on the Flow Field and Fuel-Air Mixing in a Dual-Inlet Dump CombustorY.C. Guo, XX. Wang, H.Q. Zhao andL.X. Zhou 284
A Study of Premixed Flame Stabilization by Using Opposed JetJinLiandH.F. Zhao 290
On the Performance of Flue Gas Recirculating Low NOX Burners - Interactions with BoundaryConditions
J. Gass, H. Dreher, M. Ochs, O. Schuler and P. Suter 294
Prevention of Carbonization to 2.5 MW Oil/Gas Fuel Low NOX BurnerGien-Tzong Tsai, Li-Chiang Chen; T. Hasegawa and H. Katsushima 300
Advances in Industrial Burner Designs for Energy SavingH.K. Madan and P.N. Bhambi 306
Solid Fuel Combustion in a Laboratory Grate FurnaceR. Gort, M. Valk and G. Brem 312
An Investigation on Performances of the Catalytic Igniter for a Turbofan EngineTan Hao Yuan and Feng Tao 31g
Prediction of Soot Concentration in Gas Turbine CombustorsWu Shou-sheng, Ma Yi-ming and Liu Gang 323
Design and Operation of 29MW Circulating Fluidized Bed Hot-Water BoilerBao Shaolin, Zhang Yafu, Na Yongjie, Wang Ta-san, Wang Kangzuo, Zhang Sihu and Li Guiliang 329
Volumn II C) Combustion Fundamentals 333-726
C) Combustion Fundamentals
An Analytical and Experimental Study on Impinging Jets Atomization at Low Weber NumberS.P. Shi, L.S. Zhong andF.CZhuang "uuiuei ^
Effect of Buoyancy on Laminar V-shaped Premixed Flame AngleX.Q. Zhang, P. Yang andL.Z. Feng
Vlll
Lewis Number Effect Upon the Interaction Between Two Premixed Laminar Flame Fronts/. Francois, B. Tourniaire, B. Roche, G. Brun and D. Escudie 344
Experimental Studies on Lift Off Characteristics of Hydrogen Jet Diffusion FlamesManoj Kumar 349
Thermal Structure of Reacting Gas Flow Near to Burning Solid SurfaceA.A. Zenin and S. V. Finjakov 355
Multi-Species Analysis in Flames Using an OPO-LIF SystemDetlev Gerling and Michael Haug 360
Measurement of the CO/CO2 Product Ratio from Single Particle Combustion in an IncipientlyFluidized Bed and Char Reactivity
G.B. Schluter, T.M. Linjewile and D-K Zhang 366
Obervation of Explosion Behavior and Combustion Promotion for the Droplets of Coal-WaterMixture Fuel
Kyoji Kimoto, Kunihiko Namba and Kimihiko Sugiura 372
Combustion Behavior of an Emulsified Fuel Droplet under High Pressure ConditionsM. Tsue, T. Kadota, H. Hamaya and H. Yamasaki 378
Group Combustion of a Dilute Spray in a Co-flow Laminar Diffusion FlameGung Chen and Alessandro Gomez 384
Study on Mechanisms of Flame Propagation in Combustible Particle CloudsJian-Lin Chen, Ritsu Dobashi and Toshisuke Hirano 390
Experimental Study on Droplet Evaporation of Hydrocarbon Fuel at High PressuresH. Nomura, Y. Ujiie, H.J. Rath, J. Sato and M. Kono 396
Two-Phase Flow Calculation of Dilute Combusting SpraysJeng Shien Shieh and Keh Chin Chang 402
Analytical Studies on Droplet Ballistics with Simultaneous CombustionC.P. Sarathy and R. Natarajan 408
Analytical Studies on Liquid Phase Temperature of a Burning DropletC.P. Sarathy and R. Natarajan 416
Mathematical Modelling Dynamics of Brown Coal-dust in the Gasification ProcessesN.M. Tsirulnichenko, T.I. Vichnevskay and V.I. Bykov 422
Extinction and Other Topics in Smouldering CombustionJ.D. Buckmaster and David Lozinski 426
Simulation of Solid Phase Physico Chemical Processes for the Burning Deformable SubstancesA.G. Knyazeva 4 3 2
An Improved k-epsilon Turbulence Model for Simulating the Nonreacting Flows inGas Turbine Combustors
Heather L. Relation, J.L. Batmglioli and W.F. Ng 4 3 7
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Combustion to Detonation Transition in ChemicallyActive Gas Mixtures in Closed Vessels and Layers with Free Boundaries
N.N. Smirnov, I.I. Panfilov, M.V. Tyurnikov and A.G. Berdyuguin 4 4 3
Unsteady Combustion of Porous Propellants Numerical Modelling ^I.D. Dimitrienko and S.I. Safargulova
Interaction of Two Detonations with Different Phases in Cell PatternT. Sugimura and A. Yoshioka 4 "
An Improved Second-order Moment Model of Turbulent CombustionL.X. Zhou 461
Numerical Study on the Spray Combustion Characteristics in A Gradual-Expansion CombustorK.K. OtuandH.K. Ma 466
Numerical Study of a One-Dimensional Turbulent FlameP. Bruel 4 7 2
Chemical Kinetic Modeling of a One-Dimensional, Laminar Pulverized-Coal/Air FlameCM. Trinh, F.M.B. Andersen, R.E. Peck and D.J. Pabian 478
Three-Dimensional Computer Simulation of The Flow and Combustion in a Kraft Recovery BoilerLixin Too, Wlodzimierz Blasiak, Jiri Vaclavinek and Vikram Kaul 484
Theoretical and Experimental Studies of the Heat Release Rates in a Flat Pulse CombustorA. Undholm S.-I. Moller and 1.G. Pearson 490
Analytical Determination of One-dimensional Cellular Structures in Flame FrontsLeon Sinay 495
The Probability Density Function Approach in Premixed Turbulent Combustion and its Extensionto the Laminar Flamelet Regime: Theory and Application
A.Sadat Sakak and M. Schreiber 501
Observations of flame Propagation of Coal Dust Clouds in Microgravity - The effect of Pressureand Oxygen Concentration
Osamu Fujita, Kenichi ho andAkihiro Sakamoto 507
Droplet Combustion in Hydrogen Enriched Air under MicrogravityA. Teodorczyk, T. Kawakami and S. Okajima 513
Model of Coal Char Particles Combustion and GasificationWeicheng Fan, Yuan Hu and V.M. Gremyachkin 519
Ignition of Ash-coal Particles and AerosolsL.A. Klyachko, Ya. .1. Vovchuk. S.A. KiroandA.N. Zolotko 525
Hydrogen Fire and Explosion Safety Ensuring By Application of Passive Catalytic H2-RecombinersYu.N. Shebeko, A.Yu. Korolchenko, A.V. Trunev, V.Yu. Navzenya, V.A. Shepelin, and A.A. Zaitzev 529
Study of Combustion Enhancement Effect in Plasma Jet IgnitionKofi Yoshida, Hideo Shoji and Atsushi Saiina 536
Estimating of the Dimensions and Anchoring Conditions in a Free Jet FlameC.A. Vieira, H.S. Couto andD. Bastos-Netto 542
The Effect of Cross-flow Velocity on Structure of Jet Diffusion FlameM. Tsue and T. Kadota 548
Simulation and Implementation of Laminar Flow Reactors for the Study of Combustion Systemsof Ethane, Methane and Deborane
D. Yossefi, M.R. Belmont, S.J. Maskell and G. Ben-Dor 554
Non-isothermal Fluidized-bed Reactor Model for Char Gasification, Taking into Account BubbleGrowth
A. Gawdzik and E. Gesielczyk 560
Turbulent Combustion Modelling in a Boundary Layer over a Porous Flat Plate with Injection ofEthanol
E.P. Volchkov, N.A. Dvornikov andL.N. Perepechko 565
Effects of the Gas Flow Through the Granular Solid Fuel BedStefan Postrzednik, Kayode M. Tiamiyu and Zbigniew Zmudka 571
A Graphically-displayed System for Predicting Ground Fire BoundariesHaihui Wang, Jiping Zhu, Qingan Wang, Baishui Zhu and Wei Jiang 576
The Application of Spherical Harmonics Method in Three-Dimensional Overall Simulation of BoilerFurnace
Sun Zhaoxing, Chen Wei, Wang Yaqin, Li Wenyan and Li Xiuping 582
Numerical Simulation of Flow and Combustion Processes in Lox/GH2 Rocket EngineWang Zhenguo, Zhou Jin Liu Weidong and Zhuang Fengchen 588
Studies on Supersonic Combustion Aided by Radially Lobed NozzleJob Kurian and D. Raja Manohar 594
Effect of Temperature on the Products Yield in Rapid Pyrolysis of Milled Used Tiers and KineticModelling of Weight Loss, Condensable Products and Total Gas Formation Based onIndependent Multi-First Order Reaction Model
M. Nikazar, B. Dabir, M.R. Hajaligol and M. Sohrabi 601
Experimental Studies on the Rapid Pyrolysis of Melamine-Formaldehyde Wastes and KineticModelling of Weight Loss, Condensable Products and Total Gas Formation Based onIndependent Multi-First Order Reaction Model
M. Nikazar, B. Dabir, M.R. Hajaligol and M. Sohrabi 607
The Intrachamber Processes in the Start Interval of the Solid Propellant Rocket From a ThermallyInsulated Container
Alexey M. Lipanov, Alexander N. Lukin and Tatiyana A. Skaiyanskaya 614
Optical Methods of Combustion Research. A New ApproachV.S. Abrukov and S.V. Ilyin 620
On a Monitoring Method of Two-dimensional Temperature Distribution in Furnaces for CombustionDiagnostics
Huaichun Zhou, Xinsheng Lou, Jiaofang Xiao, Heling Ying, Yuankai Deng, Yizhi Gu, Fangling Xu and Guojun Sun 626
Reaction Kinetics of Methane Combustion in a Hot Laminar Jet of NitrogenMarcel Vanpee 631
Influence of Aerosol, Formed due to Rapid Evaporation of Superheated Water, on PremixedMethane-Air Flame in Closed Vessel
Shebeko Yu. N., Korolchenko A. Ya, Trunev A.V., Navzenya V. Yu, Papkov S.N., andZaitzev A.A 638
Flashback of Laminar Premixed Methane/Air FlamesR.M.M. Mallens and L.P.H. de Goey S4 4
Estimation Procedures of Combustion Gas Composition of FuelsShuichi Torii and Toshiaki Yano 6 5 °
Detailed and Reduced Chemical Models for Natural Gas CombustionMFrenldach. H. Wang, A. Kazakh C.T. Bovman, R.K. Hanson, D.F. Davidson, C.P. Smith.D.M. Golden, W.C. Gardiner
. . . . 656and V. Lissianski
Shock Tube Studies of the H2-O2 Reaction at High Temperatures above 3000 K through OHEmission Observation Combined with Computer Modeling ^
Tohru Koike and Hiroshi Yamada
XI
Turbulent Diffusion Flame From an Internal Mixing Gas BurnerD.Q. Zhao and T. Sakai 667
Numerical Analysis of the Self-ignition of Hydrogen-Air Supersonic Flows over a WedgeLuis Fernando Figueira da Silva and Bruno Deshaies 673
Combustion Characteristics of a Pulsed-Jet Flame Surrounded by a Shroud of Combustion AirP.X. Tran, M.P. MathurandJ.M. Ekmann 679
Experimental Investigation on Concurrent Flame Spread: Effects of Flow Velocity, Turbulence andOxygen Concentration
C.Y.H. Chao and A.C Fernandez-Pello 685
Prediction of Coal Particle Surface Temperature under a Variety of Combustion ConditionsG.R. John 691
Sulfur Chemistry in Pulsed Propagating FlamesLev Kalontarov and Sergey Cheskis 697
The Peculiarities of Slow Combustion of Mixtures of Methane, Ethane and Ethylene with BenzeneA.A. Mantashyan and S.D. Arsentiev 703
An Experimental Study on Downward Flame Spread Over Thermally-Thick Combustible Surfacesin an Opposed Airflow
Jenn-Jiang Hwang, Tsyr-Sin Chen and Tong-Miin Liou 709
A Numerical Study of Flame Spreading over Solid Combustibles in Microgravity EnvironmentJiang Xi, Fan Weicheng, Shen Liping and Zeng Qingtang 715
Numerical Study of Smoke Movement in Compartment FireJianda Yao and Weicheng Fan 721
Volumn III D) Energy Conversion and Utilization 727-858E) Internal Combustion Engines 859-1118
D) Energy Conversion and Utilization
Energy Utilisation in the Philippines and the Characterisation of Atmospheric Emissions fromCombustion Processes
M.R.I. Purvis, E.L. Tadulan and A.S. Tariq 727
Two Methods of Conserving FuelB H V S Ramakrishnam Raju and G. V. Raju 713
Clean and Sustainable Energy Options of Turkey In the Twenty-First CenturyA. Ergiidenler and A. I$i%igur j^g
Application of Catalytic Thermochemical Processes for Energy Conversion and Creation of NewTypes of Power Plants
V.I. Anikeev and A.V. Gudkov 7 4 5
Development of a Composite Fluidyne RegeneratorL. Yu and O.R. Fauvel n
V
A Case Study of a Compact Cogenerator System for a Hospital -Technoeconomic AnalvJose Luz Silveira, Amaldo C.S. Walter and Carlos Alberto L u e n g o c w » ' " e c o n o m i c Analy
yJose Luz Silveira, Amaldo C.S. Walter and Carlos Alberto Luengo
sissis
Xll
On Fluidized Bed Combustion SystemsF.J. Pedro and A.L. Cukierman 763
Prospects for Energy Recovery from Scrap Tyres in Hong KongDennis Y.C. Leung and Gabriel C.K. Lam 769
A Study of a Novel Multi-Stage Agitated Column for Precombustion Coal CleaningDa-Xin He and Shiao-Hung Chiang 775
Power Sector Performance in BrazilE.A. Santana and R. I. Besnosik (in memoriamj 781
Analysis and Evaluation of the Production of Bioethanol - Cost and Emissions. A Case Study onthe State of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Monika Zabel 787
The Situation of Energy Conversion and Utilisation in the Czech RepublicDagmar Juchelkova 793
Alternatives for Sugar Crop Residues' Utilization and Bagasse Saving and Their Effect on theDecrease of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
A. Valdes 798
Vehicular Fuel Use Characteristics in Hong KongHung Wing-Tat and Hills Peter 807
High-Temperature Additives in Fireproofing Materials for Building ConstructionJ.H. Koo, M.J. Miller, P.S. Ng and F.B. Cheung 813
The Effect of Variable Grindability of Coal Microlithotypes on Pulverised Fuel CombustionJ.G. Bailey 819
Comparative Economic Analysis of Combined Gas-Steam Power PlantsB. §ahin and $. Bekdemir 825
Combined Pinch and Exergy Analysis Applied to Gas Turbine SystemsH.Rangel Ddvalos and M.A.Rodriguez Toral 830
Contribution of Thermal Radiation to the Temperature Profile of Ceramic Composite Materials (II)Andres Tremante and Freddy Malpica 836
Measurement of Rib Surface-Averaged Heat Transfer Coefficient in a Square Passage Roughenedwith Round-Corner Ribs
G.J. Korotky and M.E. Taslim 842
Reversible Heat Absorption and Temperature FieldTimotic D.J. Uros, Tosic S. Bratislav, Pilipovic R. Milan and Rackovic N. Miodrag 848
Numerical Analysis of the Wall Temperature with Film Cooling in the Combustion ChamberWang Baoguan, Li Yongkang and Hu Zlungyi 8 5 4
E) Internal Combustion Engines
The Prediction of the Effect of the Turbulence Characteristics and Initial Flame Kernel Center onthe Cyclic Combustion Variation for Spark Ignition Engine
Fanhua Ma, Deyu Wu, Chuanli Liu, Deming Jiang and Jijun Li
Fundamental Combustion Phenomena in Gas Phase - Knocking in Internal Combustion Engines ^S. Antonik, M. Ribaucour and E. Therssen
Xlll
Radical Behavior Under Knocking Operation in a Spark Ignition EngineH. Shoji, K. Yoshida and A. Saima 8 7 1
The Combustion Process in Internal Combustion Engines: Development of Spark-Ignited, PremixedTurbulent Flames
David S-K. Ting and M.David Checkel 877
Effect of Plasma Jet Ignition on the Preflame Reaction at Cool Flame RegionK. Wakai, H. Yamasaki, S. Kitoh and I. Sumida 883
Investigation of Effects of Spark Duration and Spark Electrodes on Turbulence Suppression inSpark Ignition
O. Aoki, M. Kono, K. Ishii, S. Okada, H. Nomura and Y. Ujiie 889
Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of End Gas Autoignition and Knock in Si-EnginesM. Schreiber, A.Sadat Sakak, B. Stiebels andj. Meyer 895
Critical Conditions for Pressure Waves Generation in Gaseous Mixtures with NonuniformTemperature Distributions
Longting He 901
Studies on Wood Gas Run Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Retrofitted to Run as SI EngineA. Ramachandra 907
Methanol as Alternative Fuel for Fumigated Surface Ignition I.C. EnginesS. Jayaraj and S. Subramaniyam 912
Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Dual-Fueled Direct Injected Diesel Engine usingCNG as Alternative Fuel
Mohd. R.A. Beg, Probir Kumar Bose, A.M. Aziz-Ul-Huq 917
Vegetable Oil as Alternate Fuel for Diesel EnginesA. Rehman andK.C. Singhai 924
Development of a New Diesel Oil-Methanol-Water Composite Emulsified Fuel and a Study of ItsCombustion Process in Dl Diesel Engines
M.L. Fu, H.L. Li, H. Wang, J.X. Duan, L.J. Cheng and S.C. Sheng 929
Further Aspects of Combustion Modelling in Compression Ignition Dual Fuel EnginesShaomei Fei and Zhaoda Yan 935
Development and Performance of a Constant Vacuum Type Gas Carburettor for LPG Fuelled2-stroke S.I. Engine
KG. Kadoli and S.S. Hiremath 940
The Development and Applications of Time-sequencing Quasi-dimensional Combustion Model forD.I. Diesel Engines
G.D. Jin, S.L. Gao and Xiong Ying 946
Development and Droplet Size Characteristics of Wall Impinging Diesel Fuel Spray at Hiqh InjectionPressure
Yunyi Gong, Liguang Li and Yethou Huang 952
Phenomenological Modeling of Mixing and Combustion Processes in Small and Medium D I DieselEngines
Kai Chen, Shao-Xi Shi and Wan-Hua Su 95g
Influence of Annular Atomizer Liquid Sprays Impinging on a Wall Upon Their DroDlets SizeDistribution K
Z.W. Wang, L.S. Zhong, F.C. Zhuang, S.X. ShiandM.L. Fu 954
XIV
The Probability Analysis of Mixing Process in Diesel EnginesZhang Zongjie, Zhang Hua and Wang Xingquan 967
Experimental Study on the Effects of Turbulence Structure in the Wake of a Circular Cylinder on JetMixing Rate
Wanhua Su, Hui Xie and Shaoxi Shi 972
Empirical Equations for Predicting the Combustion Rate of a D.I. Diesel EngineLimei Zhang, Zhiming Wang and Yiliang Huang 978
The Application of Phenomenological Combustion Model for Experimental Study of D.I. DieselEngines
Yiliang Huang, Zhiming Wang and Limei Zhang 984
The Effects of Oxygen/Nitrogen Ratios on the Performance and Emissions of an I.D.I. Diesel EngineG.T. Reader, C.E. Bowen, P. Maier, I.J. Potter and R.W. Gustafson 990
The Prediction of Ignition Delay, Combustion Intervals and NOX Emission for Spark-Ignition EngineChuanli Liu, Fanhua Ma and Deming Jiang 996
Evaluation of the Effect of Injection of Fuel Containing Dissolved Gas (IFCDG) on DieselCombustion and Emissions
Huang Zhen, Zhang Shunyuan and Zhang Lianfang 1002
Computer Simulation of D.I. Diesel Engine Performance and Emission PredictionQuanL.Z., Milton B.E. and Casey R.T. 1008
Prediction and Control of the Emission of Nitric-Oxide from a Diesel Engine Using a Multi-zoneCombustion Model
G. Devaradjane and N. Baluswamy 1014
Particulate Emission Control of Diesel Engine Exhaust Using Cyclonic SeparatorK. Natarajan and S Raja Singh 1020
Pollution Reduction by Modified Design of Catalytic ConverterA. Rehman, S. Dixit and G. Dixit 1026
Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Thermal Insulation and High Octane Fuel Blends in aSpark Ignited Lean Burn Engine for Improved Performance
5. Parthasarathy, B.N. Nagalingam and K. V. Gopalakrishnan 1031
Potential of Underwater Fossil Fuelled Stirling Engines Using Various Oxidant SourcesG.T. Reader and I.J. Potter 1037
Study of New Combustion System for IDI Diesel EnginesJ.W. Li, L.B. Zhou and K.Y.Pan 1043
An Investigation into a New Combustion System of the Internal Combustion EngineBo Huang 1 0 4 9
Simulation and Analysis of Heat Transfer in Low Heat Rejection Direct Injection Diesel EngineUsing a Two Zone Model
P. Tamilporai and N. Baluswamy
Optimised Cycle Analysis Model for Internal Combustion EnginesJamil I. Ghojel
Catalytic Assistance of Ignition and Combustion in Internal Combustion Engine/ . Jarosinski, R. £apucha and J. Mazurkiewicz
Optimisation Method for In-Cylinder Flow Solution for Direct Injection Diesel Engine with Two PortsI.B. Mshoro and J.S. Mshana
XV
Matching of Injection Timing in Low Heat Rejection Engines for Fuel EconomyCM. Vara Prasad, P. Rama Mohan and K. Rama Mohan 1078
Model Predictions and Experiments of Local Instantaneous Heat Transfer in a MotoredReciprocating Engine
S.L. Yu and C.S. Cheung 1084
Spectral Measurement of Temperature and Species Concentration in the Combustion Processesof Internal Combustion Engines
J.D. Li, T.S. Du, S.H. Chu and Xiaoyun Sun 1090
Study and Application of a Contact Type Optical Fiber ThermometerX.L. Yu, Z.D. Yon, Z.Q. Hu and X.D. Wu 1096
A Study on Flame Temperature and Soot Formation in Combustion Chamber of D.I. Diesel Engineby Multi-Optical Fiber Poly-Color Method
Xu Sidu, Duan Jiaxiu and Yang Weiying 1102
Numerical Modeling and Test Verification of Air Motion in Combustion Chamber of Complex Shapeof D.I. Diesel Engines
S.L. Uu, K. Li, W. Hu and S.X. Shi 1108
A New Approach to Model Heat Transfer in a Dl Diesel Engine Based on Measured Pressure DataC.S. Cheung, C.W. Leung and T.P. Leung 1114
Author List
XVI
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