problem gambling prevention: key information for gambling industry, regulators & policymakers

Julie Hynes, MA, CPS

Sr. Community Health Analyst - PreventionLane Instructor - University of Oregon

July 11, 2014

Key Information for Gambling Industry, Regulators & Policymakers

Slide deck: www.preventionlane.org/ncpg

• Define what preventionists call “prevention”

• Understand the need for disordered/problem gambling prevention

• Identify strategies and resources for disordered/problem gambling prevention

SPECIAL THANKS

• Oregon Problem Gambling Services

• Jim Wuelfing

• Researchers!

prevention.

Problem Behaviors

Problem Behaviors

for prevention in problem gambling

5.6% college age (18-24)

2½ % all adults (18+)

4-6% teens (13-17)

This is the first generation of widely available electronic gambling.

We really don’t know the effects yet.

Why? Is it the generation? Technology? Or what?

Amygdala active

Risk-taking & impulsive behaviors

Source: Ramoski, S., Nystrom, R. (2007). Image source: simpsons.wikia.org

Prefrontal whaaa?

2012 Oregon Student Wellness Survey, Lane County (“ESD”) and Oregon; available at http://oregon.pridesurveys.com/esds.php?year=2012

• Youth gambling is harmless

• Youth who gamble are unlikely to have problems in school

• Youth gambling is not associated with alcohol or drug use

…AND THOSE BELIEFS ARE

Source: PARENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF ADOLESCENT GAMBLING (2011).,

All parents in their focus groups said their kids didn’t gamble

All of their kids, who were in their own focus groups, said they did gamble

Neither sees gambling as risky

Youth gambling & other risky behaviors.

3.1%

14.6%

29.5%

14.9%

30.9%

46.9%

Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 11

Did not gamble Gambled

0.5%

5.6%

16.4%

4.3%

12.7%

28.7%

Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 11

Did not gamble Gambled

Available at: www.preventionlane.org/sws.htm

1.1%

6.2%

12.5%

5.1%

10.8%

18.7%

Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 11

Did not gamble Gambled

Available at: www.preventionlane.org/sws.htm

0.7%

8.3%

19.3%

4.3%

15.8%

28.4%

Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 11

Did not gamble Gambled

Available at: www.preventionlane.org/sws.htm

5.7%

12.8%

22.5%

15.4%

23.0%

35.4%

Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 11

Did not gamble Gambled

Available at: www.preventionlane.org/sws.htm

7.2%

5.0%

11.3%

9.0%

Grade 8 Grade 11

Did not gamble Gambled

Available at: www.preventionlane.org/sws.htm

10.1% 8.0%

21.0%

18.6%

Grade 8 Grade 11

Did not bet/gamble more than wanted to

Bet/gambled more than wanted to

41.80%

22.40%

Physical fight

Gambled Did not gamble

Teens who gamble are

smoking, toking,

drunken, depressed thugs.

Teens who gamble are

smoking, toking,

drunken, depressed thugs.

delinquency

sexual

behavior

depression

substance

use

gambling

Conclusion: Problem Gambling is

of

Problem Behaviors

Problem gambling??

– Apparently similar risk factors

– Very high co-occurrence between problem gambling & other problem behaviors, especially alcohol/substance abuse

Substance abuse Violence Delinquency

Teenage pregnancy School dropout Depression & Anxiety

ALL

• Tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use and abuse

• Delinquency and crime

• Premature or unsafe sex

• Depression and suicidality

• School failure, dropout

Based on the above & those connections, we should also be able to prevent PROBLEM GAMBLING.

In fact, they can be

HARMFUL.

Follow-up link: best practices http://preventionlane.org/best-practices.htm

Prevention in .

We Use the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention’s (CSAP) Effective Prevention Strategies

Research: it takes ongoing efforts in all six areas for prevention to really work

Long-lasting Protective Interventions

Clinical Interventions

Counseling & Education

Socioeconomic Factors

Changing the Context

Make the Healthy Choice the Easy Choice

Examples of

Interventions

Screening for problems

Parenting classes

Home visiting

Changing Social Norms & Creating Nurturing Environments

small group

a population

Success in education, Economic opportunity, Access to affordable housing

Approach

Source: Frieden, (CDC) adapted by L. Adkisson & J. Webster (LCPH)

– Schools: Local school/college/university codes of conduct

– Workplace: Policy manuals: gambling behavior

– Community: Local jurisdiction's ordinances

– Industry: marketing practices

Adapted from Oregon DHS, 2010

• Public awareness

• Policy

• School-based curriculum

• Parent education

• Public awareness

• Policy

• School-based curriculum

• Parent education

Prevention and awareness efforts have been able to PREVENT an increase in the prevalence of problem gambling while facing a dramatic increase in the amount of gambling.

Youthful subject

Little “street cred” as a real issue

Stigma/shame

People are buried with work

Mixed messages

Gratuitous pic of my kid

KEY

IN prevention

Consider doing one of

your assignments on a

vulnerable population

group we didn’t get to

explore.

problemgamblingprevention.org

youthgambling.com:

Consider doing one of

your assignments on a

vulnerable population

group we didn’t get to

explore.

preventionlane.org

addictionisagamble.org :

www.preventionlane.org

Julie.Hynes@co.lane.or.us | 541.682.3928

Lane County Public Health “PreventionLane”

hynes@uoregon.edu | 541.357.9334

University of Oregon

preventionlane

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: Author.

Cross, Del Carmen Lorenzo, & Fuentes (1999). The extent and nature of gambling among college student athletes. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Department of Athletics.

Department of Defense (2002). Survey of health related behaviors among military personnel Washington, DC: Author. Report information available http://www.tricare.mil/main/news/dodsurvey.htm

DiClemente, C. (2003). Addiction and change: How addictions develop and addicted people recover. New York: Guilford Press.

ECONorthwest (2009). The contributions of Indian gaming to Oregon’s economy. http://www.econw.com/reports/2009_ECONorthwest_Contributions-Indian-Gaming-Oregon-Economy-2007.pdf

Engwall, Hunter & Steinberg (2004). Gambling and other risk behaviors on university campuses. Journal of American College Health. 52 (6); 245-255. Freimuth, M. (2008). Addicted? Recognizing Destructive Behavior Before It's Too Late . Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Kerber (2005). Problem and pathological gambling among college athletes. Annual of Clinical Psychiatry. 17 (4); 243-7.

LaBrie, R., Shaffer, H., LaPlante, D., and Wechslet, H. (2003). Correlates of college student gambling in United States. Journal of American College Health. 52 (2); 53-62.

Moore , T.L. (2002.) The etiology of pathological gambling. Salem, OR: Department of Human Services. http://www.oregoncpg.com

References Moore, TL. (2006). Oregon gambling prevalence replication study. Salem, OR: Department of Human Services. http://www.oregoncpg.com

Moore (2001). Older adult gambling in Oregon. Salem, OR: Department of Human Services. http://www.oregoncpg.com

Northwest Survey & Data Services (2007). Lane County Health & Human Services college gambling survey. http://www.preventionlane.org/gambling/college.htm

Oregon Health Authority, Problem Gambling Services (2011). Oregon problem gambling awareness community resource guide. Salem, OR: Author. Oregon Lottery (2009). Oregon State Lottery Behavior and Attitude Tracking Study. November 2008. InfoTek Research Group, Inc.

Oregon Lottery (2008). Overview through fiscal year 2009. Salem, OR: Author.

Ramoski, S., Nystrom, R. (2007). The changing adolescent brain. Northwest Public Health. http://www.nwpublichealth.org/archives/s2007/adolescent-brain

Rockey, D.L., Beason, K.R., & Gilbert, J.D. (2002). Gambling by college athletes: An association between problem gambling and athletes. http://www.camh.net/egambling/archive/pdf/EJGI-issue7/EJGI-issue7-research-rockey.pdf

Shaffer, H.J., Donato, Labrie, Kidman, & LaPlante. (2005). The epidemiology of college alcohol and gambling policies. Harm Reduction Journal. 2 (1).

Shaffer, H.J. & Hall, M.N. (2001). Updating and refining meta-analytic prevalence estimates of disordered gambling behavior in the United States and Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 92(3), 168-172.

Volberg, R.A., Hedberg, E.C., & Moore, T.L. (2008). Adolescent Gambling in Oregon. Northhampton, MA: Gemini Research. http://gamblingaddiction.org