primer taller gold standard en colombia: beneficios proyectos estufas mejoradas gs. por: vikash...

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Beneficios de proyectos de estufas mejoradas: relaciones entre proyectos de estufas mejoradas y aspectos de género

27 March 2013

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Contents

• Solid Fuel “The Silent Killer in the Kitchen”

• Colombia Perspective

• Role of Women • Why Women & Children ?

• Women’s Invisible time and effort

• Fuel Collection: Women health & Safety

• Why gender perspective is relevant for Cookstove Sector?

• Best Practice Examples

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Solid Fuel(s): “The Silent Killer in the Kitchen”

• 3 billion people in more than 600 million of the world’s households still using solid fuels in inefficient cookstoves and open fires.

• Approximately One life is lost every 8 second

• More men, women, and children die each day from diseases that could be entirely prevented by using advanced or “clean” cookstoves and fuels than die from malaria or tuberculosis

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Why wood burning is Harmful?

• If your Cookstove efficiency is 100%, the firewood shall convert to CO2 and H2O.

• The traditional cookstoves like three stone fire, the efficiency is in the range of 7-15%.

• Due to the poor combustion in traditional stove, around 20% of wood carbon is converted to toxic pollutants like CO, HC, PM etc.

• Lack of ventilation, chimney makes the kitchen a smoke factory, which is being used or other purposes.

Typical Cookstove releases

400 cigarettes per hour

worth of smoke.

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Population (%) Cooking with Solid Fuel

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Why so many people are cooking using solid fuel?

• Poverty

• Access to cleaner fuel and modern technologies

• Traditional practice

• Lack of Awareness

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Colombia: Socio- Economic Profile

• 2nd Most biodiverse in the world

• Home of 45 million people

• 75% Urban and 25% Rural – 11.6 Million urban Households

– 2.9 Million rural households

• 45% population lives under the National Poverty line

5%

66%

16%

33%

26%

1%

27%

0%

27%

0%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Urban Rural

Highest

High

Medium

Low

Lowest

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• Fuel Consumption pattern

• Over half of rural population still cook with solid fuel, mostly wood that they collect for themselves

• Approximately 1.7 million (15% of total) Households are getting exposed to adverse impact of solid fuels

Colombia: Fuel Consumption Pattern

Natural Gas; 64,30%

LPG; 26,60% Electricity; 4,50%

Wood & Charcoal;

2,00%

Other; 2,70%

Coal ; 0,00%

Urban

Natural Gas;

4,60%

LPG; 40,40% Electricity; 2,70%

Wood & Charcoal; 49,30%

Other; 1,90%

Coal ; 0,90%

Rural

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Colombia: Health Impacts

• Around 1,100 - 1,900 annual deaths attributable to solid fuel use (Year 2007)

• $193 million USD annual cost of health impacts of IAP (Indoor Air Pollution) associated with use of traditional fuels

• Indoor/outdoor air pollution damages represent 1% of Colombia’s GDP Of

which

Acute

respiratory illness (ARI);

47%

Chronic obstructive pulmonary

disease; 28% Respiratory

Mortality; 12%

87%

Women and Children

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• Women and Children are most exposed to household Air Pollution – Women is primary cook and in charge of Kitchen

– Women & children spend a lot of time in the kitchen

– In 79% cases, kitchen also functions as a dining room or bedroom

Mother 79%

Mother & Kid 18% Father &

child 3%

Father 0%

Who is the Cook at home?

70%

48%

13%

9%

22%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Converse

Get Warmth

Watch TV or Radio

Study

Nothing

Other activities done in the room with the wood stove?

Why Women and Children ?

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Women’s Invisible Time and Effort

• Women and girls are primary collector – Around 3.34 Hrs per trip

– Time spent collecting fuel is wasted human capital time that could be better spent on • income generation,

• education,

• or other activities.

– Women’s Invisible Time and Effort are • Unpaid,

• Unrecorded and

• Undervalued

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Fuel Collection: Women health & Safety

Fuel Collectio

n

Head and Spinal Injuries

Pregnancy Complications

Rape & Assault

Animal Attacks

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Why Gender Perspective is relevant for Cookstove Programme?

• Can we provide any solution to these problems by implementing the improved Cookstove ?

• Can Improved Cookstove programme contribute to Women Empowerment and Gender Equality ?

• Women and Girls are the core of Cooking sector.

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Benefits of Improved Cookstove Programme

Improved Cookstove

Women Empowerment

+

Environment

(Indoor Air Quality)

+

Avoiding deforestation

+

Health

+

Poverty alleviation

+

Time and Fuel Saving

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How Women Can Contribute to Cookstove Value Chain ?

1. Product design

2. Production 3. Consumer

Finance 4. Supplier

Finance 5. Distribution

6. After Sales Services

• Women’s input in Design is Critical – The Cookstove designed in collaboration with the women involvement

are more likely to be accepted and used by the women

• Best Practice Example – The Zoom Plancha was first introduced in Mexico through a pilot project

– The local women participated in-home trials over a two-month period

– The Zoom Plancha model underwent several changes to become La Mera Mera means “the all-knowing woman”

– Reported Uptake is around 97%

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• Production related activities such as production, assembly, and installation may provide income generation opportunities for women

• Best Practice Example – GERES, a French NGO began the Cambodian Fuelwood Saving Project in urban areas of

Cambodia and developed and distributed the New Lao Stove (NLS).

– Started production of different model for rural areas with the help of local women groups

– Production and distribution rate is 8000 stove per month

– Women income generation increased around 61%

1. Product design 2. Production 3. Consumer Finance

4. Supplier Finance

5. Distribution 6. After Sales

Services

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1. Product design 2. Production

3. Consumer

Finance

4. Supplier Finance

5. Distribution 6. After Sales

Services

• Clean cooking solutions are often too expensive for outright payment by end users but not expensive enough to be attractive to financial institutions.

• Women has difficulty in accessing finance

• Best Practice Example – Potential Energy launched Revolving Loan Fund (RLF) with the seed capital from GACC

– Innovative financing mechanisms where Women Development Associations (WDAs) who serve as the retail partners selling cookstoves on installment basis to their women members

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1. Product design 2. Production 3. Consumer

Finance

4. Supplier Finance

5. Distribution 6. After Sales

Services

• Women have direct and unique access to purchasers and users of the cooking devices

• Women have opportunities to fully participate in order to truly impact as many households as possible.

• Best Practice Example – GVEP International (Global Village Energy Partnership) an NGO is working to increase

access to modern energy and reduce poverty in developing countries

– GVEP involved women in the cookstove programme by recruiting women’s groups, and conducted door-to-door recruitment.

– In Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania there are around 150 improved cookstove businesses groups led by women only.

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1. Product design 2. Production

3. Consumer Finance

4. Supplier Finance

5. Distribution

6. After Sales Services

• Women can be the key to scaling distribution of cookstoves.

• Women have access to hard-to-reach households, can utilize woman-to-woman marketing techniques, and are trusted promoters of household products among their peers.

• Best Practice Example – The Paradigm Project is utilizing the wide reach of women as a trained and branded

clean energy sales force in East Africa.

– Paradigm aims to recruit a minimum of 50 percent female sales agents in Rwanda, Ethiopia, and Kenya over the next two years. The overall project goals are to deploy 5 million improved cookstoves over the next 10 years.

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1. Product design 2. Production 3. Consumer

Finance 4. Supplier

Finance 5. Distribution

6. After Sales Services

• The women as primary users of clean cookstoves, it is logical that they are the ones who can become experts in their maintenance and encourage their long-term adoption.

• Woman-to-woman communication can be very effective, particularly in rural and conservative areas, and can help in ensuring that cookstove are being used regularly and correctly.

• Best Practice Example – Sakhi Unique Rural Enterprise (SURE), founded in India in 2009, engages rural women in the

supply chain to bring improved cookstoves, to last mile consumers.

– In partnership with over 400 Sakhis (women), SURE has already sold over 86,000 improved cookstoves.

– 25% of these are well trained in after sale services.

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Summary

• Women is core of cooking sector.

• Along with other environment, social, health benefits, the cookstove programme can help in women empowerment by

- engaging women in income-generating opportunities

- especially in the marketing, distribution, sales, and after-sales servicing of cookstove programme.

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The Gold Standard Foundation

Vikash Talyan

vikash.talyan@goldstandard.org

+41 22 788 70 80

www.goldstandard.org

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Colombia: Fuel Consumption Pattern

20% 19%

12%

16% 16%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

Caribbean East Bogoto Central Pacific Amazons

Overall % Using Solid Fuel , by Region