presented by allison hayashida nao ogata kaan ustun culturally speaking: face, (im)politeness and...
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PRESENTED BYALLISON HAYASHIDA
NAO OGATAKAAN USTUN
Culturally Speaking: Face, (Im)Politeness and Rapport by Helen Spencer-Oatey (2008)
Previously on SLS 480U…
Chapter 7 : Gender & Age
Chapter 12: Gender, politeness & stereotypes
Linguistic Politeness: Japanese Proper Social Conduct with Tactful Consideration of Others
Chapter 14: Analyzing Discourse
Who says what to whom when & where?
Today on SLS 480U…
6 Keypoints:
Interactional Rapport affected by 3 factorsRapport management happens in certain
situations.Speech Act Strategies are really importantThere are different Communication StylesThe factors influencing use of Rapport
Management StrategiesMain Point: Awareness Necessity
Rapport Management
Management of faceManagement of social rights & obligationsManagement of interactional goals
Other Domains of Rapport Management
Different Domains of politeness:Illocutionary Domain: Apologies, Requests, Compliments
Discourse Domain: Topic Choice & Management
Participation Domain: Turn Taking, Inclusion/Exclusion
Stylistic Domain: Choice of Tone, Syntax, Lexis, Honorifics
Non Verbal: Gestures, Body movement
3 elements of Speech Acts strategies
Speech acts = Apologies, Requests, Compliments= Illocutionary Domain
IntroductionManaging Face + Managing Sociality Rights/Obligations =
Managing Rapport
Wording:Selection of Speech Acts ComponentsDegree of Directness – IndirectnessType & Amount of Upgraders – Downgraders
In all languages, every level of language can play a role in each of the rapport management domains.
3 elements of Speech Acts strategies: Definitions
Semantic Components: Head Act – Conveys the main illocutionary force of the set of utterances
Directness/Indirectness: Degree Variance – One form rather than the other can have a major impact on social relations
Up graders / Down graders: + or – Force of Speech
Boosters/ Hedges Intensifiers / Down toners
Maximizers / Minimizers(For detailed examples: Tables 2.2 – 2.3 – 2.4)
Example of Request
Do you mind if I ask you a big favor?
I know you don’t like lending your car,
But I was wondering if I could possibly borrow it just for an hour or so on Tuesday night
If you are not using it then.
Preparator
Disarmer
Head Act
Imposition Downgrader
Example of Directness / Indirectness
Wash the dishes!
I want you to wash the dishes.
How about washing the dishes?
Can you wash the dishes?
What a lot of dishes there are!
Communication Styles
Associative expressiveness-restraintIndirectness-directnessSelf-enhancement – self-effacement
Rapport management strategies
1. Rapport orientation2. Contextual variables3. Pragmatic principles and conventionsThree main factors influence people's use of
rapport management strategies;
Rapport management strategies
1. Rapport orientation
o Rapport enhance orientationo Rapport maintenance orientationo Rapport neglect orientationo Rapport challenge orientation
Rapport management strategies
2. Contextual variableso Participants and their relations
i. Powerii. Distanceiii.Interrelationship between power and
distanceiv. Number of participants
o Message content: cost-benefit considerationso Social/Interactional roleso Activity type
Rapport management strategies
3. Pragmatic principles and conventionso Sociopragmatic principleso Pragmalinguistic conventions
Rapport management strategies
1. Rapport orientation2. Contextual variables3. Pragmatic principles and conventions
Rapport management outcomes and across cultures
• Rapport management outcomes
• Rapport management across cultures
Rapport management could vary depending on culture and individual.
Sensitivity and mindfulness is required!
Discussion Questions & Activity
Role Playing ( 4 groups of 4 ) Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4
Kelly Julia Yun Shi LennieBirte Mercedes Kento MorganJohn Matt Jonah MariaLeeAnne LunLun Tankia Cori
Q 1: Is the situation likely to affect interpersonal rapport? Why? Why not?
Q2: During this past week, was there an occasion when someone annoyed or upset you, and you felt offended or hurt? What did they say or do?
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