presentation organizing leadership
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ORG
ANIZIN
G
GRO
UP 7
ORGANIZATION
A group of person with specific responsibilities who are acting together for the achievement of a specific purpose determined by the organization (Huber, 2000, p.454)
ORGANIZING
Arranging of component parts into functional whole
Determination of how it (PLAN) will be accomplished
PURPOSE - to coordinate activities so that a goal can be achieved
I. ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY
Aims to understand the structure within organizations
The study is intended to find out if there is a superior method of structuring organizations, or if it varies based on the situation
Purpose: solving problems, maximizing efficiency and productivity, and meeting the needs of members
CATEGORIES:
One of the oldest theories regarding organizational structure
Focus: structure of the formal organizations: if examined the efficiency of the organization as a by-product of the
Concept: people of an organization will be productive if they given a well defined task to complete.
A. Classical Organization theory (1980's)
Taylorism (Scientific Time Studies) reducing process time and worked at its most basic level, breaking down each job into component parts.
1. Scientific Management theory
Weber: father of organization all theory
Explains the importance of hierarchy, rules, procedures and making impartial personnel decisions.
WEBER'S MODELdivision and specialization of laborchain of commandorganizational structurespan of control
2. Bureaucratic Approach (Max Weber)
Set of planning, organizing, commanding and coordinating functions
3. Administrative approach (Henri Fayol)
CATEGORIES:
One of the oldest theories regarding organizational structure
Focus: structure of the formal organizations: if examined the efficiency of the organization as a by-product of the
Concept: people of an organization will be productive if they given a well defined task to complete.
B. Neoclassical theory (HUMANISTIC THEORY)
Became popular in the 1930'sPlaced emphasis on cooperation and
participation in the workplace (Sullivan and Decker, 2001)
Key factor: motivation: a motivated employee will produce better output in the job setting
Links with a democratic style of leadership
B. Neoclassical theory (HUMANISTIC THEORY)
Focuses on social aspects if organizational design
Views social relationships, group pressure, and search for personal fulfillment as motivators
Says formal authority only works with willing participants
B. Neoclassical theory (HUMANISTIC THEORY)
CATEGORIES:
Organization is an adaptive system that adjust to changes in its environment
C. Modern Theory
System is interrelated parts arranged in a unified whole
Systems can be open or closedOrganization is a recurrent cycle of
input-throughput-ouputManager is the catalyst for the
process
1. System Theory
Performance is enhanced by matching the organization's structure to its environment
Environment includes people, objects, and ideas outside the organization that influence it
Optimal form of the organization depends on the environment in which it operates
2. Contingency Theory
Organizations are living, self-organizing systems that are complex and self-adaptive
Creativity and flexibility are necessary to adapt to change
Leader’s roles is to build resilience, maintain balance and encourage creativity
3. Chaos Theory
Random events interfere with expectations
No linear cause and effect to explain outcomes
The system interacts and adapts to change
Managers must encourage the flow of information in all directions, not just top to bottom
4. Complexity Theory
II. STEPS IN ORGANIZING
• 6 steps in organizing process1. Establish overall objectives2. Formulate supporting objectives,
policies and plans3. Identify and classify activities
necessary to accomplish the objectives4. Group the activities in light of the
human and material resources available and the best way of using them under the circumstances
II. STEPS IN ORGANIZING
5. Delegate to the head of each group and the authorities necessary to perform the activities
6. Tie the groups together horizontally and vertically, through authority relationships, and information systems
III. ORGANIZING CLIENT CARE/ MODALITIES OF CARE
• Manner in which nursing care is organized and provided
Oldest mode of organizing patient care
Nurses assume total responsibility during their time on duty for meeting all the needs of assigned patient
Care was provided in the patients home and the nurse was responsible for cooking, cleaning and other activities specific to the patient and family (on top of nursing care)
A. Total patient care
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Provided with nurses high autonomy and responsibility
• Each nurse caring for the patient can modify the care regimen, which can lead to different approaches to care shift
• The lines of responsibility is clear with the patient (theoretically) receiving holistic and ungrateful and during the nurses time on duty
• Requires highly skilled personnel
• Trust is developed between the RN and the patient’s family
• May cost more than other forms of care
• The nurse inadequately prepared or too inexperienced to provide total care for the patient
Patient careThe RN plans
organizes, and performs all care
RN 8 hour shift
Developed after the WW II as a result of severe nursing shortage when ancillary personnel were needed to assist inpatient care
Relatively unskilled workers were trained to perform certain simple tasks rather than care for specific patients
RN’s, LPN’s, and UAP’s are assigned different tasks
RN’s assess patients
B. Functional Nursing
Other staff give baths, make beds, take vital signs, administer treatments
B. Functional Nursing
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Staff become efficient at performing assigned tasks
• Uneven continuity
• Time saving • Lack of holistic understanding of patient
• Problems with follow-up
Evolved in the 1950’s to improve patient satisfaction
RN as leader coordinates care of group patients
Goal was to reduce fragmented care Common use areas- most impatient
and outpatient areas Team of nursing personnel provides
total care to a group of patients RN leads team that may include
other RN’s, LPN’s and UAP’s
C. Team Nursing
Team leaders must be skilled in delegating, communicating, problem solving
All members are effective teams are good communicators
C. Team Nursing
NURSE MANAGER
RN team leader, LPN’s/LVN’s, Nursing
assistants
RN team leader, LPN’s/LVN’s, Nursing
assistants
Assigned patient care
Assigned patient care
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• High-quality, comprehensive care with a proportion of ancillary staff
• Continuity suffers if daily team assignments vary
• Team members participate in decision making and contribute their own expertise
• Team leader must have good leadership skills
• Insufficient time for planning and communication
• Requires a team spirit and commitment to succeed
Modular nursing uses a mini team approach with members sometimes being called care pairs
The model’s goal is that every area will serve the same number of patients and the patient in the same room will always be assigned to one nurse
D. Modular Nursing (District Nursing)
NURSE MANAGER
Geographic Patient UnitPatient care
team:RN’s
LPN’s/LVN’sNurse aides
Meds Supplies Linens
ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
• Continuity of care is improved
• RN more involved in planning and coordinating care
• Geographic closeness and efficient communication
• Long corridors not conducive to modular nursing
The primary nurse assumes 24-hr responsibility for planning the care of one or more patients from admission to discharge
During work hours the primary nurse provides total direct care for that patient
When the primary nurse is not on duty, associate nurses follow the plan of care established by the primary nurse
E. Primary Nursing
Primary Nurse 24-hour
responsibility for planning, directing, evaluating patient
care
Physician and other members of
the health care team
Associate nurses provide care
when primary nurses is off duty
Patient
ADVATAGE DISADVANTAGE
• Establish rapport with patient • More RN needed; not cost effective
• High-quality, holistic patient care
• RN must accept 24-hour responsibility
• RN feels challenged and rewarded
• Primary nurse must be able to practice with high degree of responsibility autonomy
RN and partner( UAP, LPN, or less experienced RN) work together on same schedule with same group of patients
F. Practice Partnership
ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
• Improved continuity of care and accountability for care
• Decreased ratio of RN’s to nonprofessional staff
• Potential for junior team members to assume much responsibility
IV. TIME MANAGEMENT
Time was absolute and that it occurred whether the universe was there or not (Newton)
Time has no independent existence apart from the order of events by which people measure it- Einstein (Smith 1994)
IV. TIME MANAGEMENT
Principles of Management Time management is based on the
principles of:A. Communicating: effective
communication facilitates time management
B. Planning: ability to plan effectively is essential to the effective use of time
C. Delegation: empowers a subordinate to make decisions.
IV. TIME MANAGEMENT
Time Management TechniquesA. Organization: organize and systematize
things, task and people.B. Keep focused on goals assembled a
prioritized “to do” lists based by goals daily
C. Tool usage: Use tools such as the bar code scanner
D. Time management plan: Develops a personal time management plam immediately
IV. TIME MANAGEMENT
Time Wasters VS. Time SaversTIME WASTERS:• Meetings without a clear purpose• Goals objectives, and priorities that are
not measurable• Plans without time parameters• Disorganized files and papers• Time logs, not analyzed• Tasks/activities that can be delegated• Waiting for others• Inability to say no
•
IV. TIME MANAGEMENT
TIME SAVERS:• Learning to set priorities and objectives
organizing work• Allowing co-workers to perform duties
listed in job description or teaching them
• Avoiding interruptions whenever possible
• Avoiding procrastination• Evaluating all paper work and
procedures
•
IV. TIME MANAGEMENT
D. Time Management Strategies• Know how to spend your time• Set priorities• Use a planning tool• Get organized• Schedule your time appropriately• Delegate: get help from others• Stop procrastinating• Manage external time wasters• Avoid multi-tasking• Stay healthy
•
IV. TIME MANAGEMENT
E. Advantage of Time management• Gain time• Motivates and initiates• Reduces avoidance• Promotes review• Eliminates cramming• Reduces anxiety
•
END
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