presentation on water search & rescue

“One Who Has Saved The Life Of a Single Person

Has Don a Rightness Deed as If He Has Saved The Life Of Whole Mankind”

(Al Quran)

INTRODUCTION

Programmes Participants

GENERAL BACKGROUND ENVIRONMENTS

Rivers Streams Canals Pools Lakes Gravel Pits

( Cont…..)

Storm Drain systems Causes Weather changes

Submerged debris Boat collisions Hypothermia

Most incidents preventable Essential EMS practices Know how to swim Wear a personal flotation device (PFD) Take basic water rescue

course

CAUSES FOR DROVING

Overconfidence No PFD Cramps Un Conscious

Accident of transports

week swimmer

Body cannot maintain temperature in water <92 of Heat loss occurs 25x Water Temperature

Immersion can lead to hypothermia Hypothermia can lead to Inability to self-rescue Inability to follow simple directions Inability to grasp line, flotation device Sudden immersion, laryngospasm, drowning faster than in air Water Temperature

Water Temperature

•

BASIC RESCUE TECHNIQUES : 

REACH THROW ROW Wade Go Rescue

Use a throwing assist to rescue someone beyond your reach in a pool or open water. Throw a buoyant object tied to a line to the victim. S/he can grasp the object and be pulled to safety.

Throw bags

Throw equipment potentially. Any floating object at hand, such as a picnic jug, small cooler, buoyant cushion, kickboard or extra life jacket

TO PERFORM A THROWING ASSIST

1. Get into a stride position: The leg opposite your throwing arm is forward. This helps to keep your balance when you throw the object.

(Cont)

2. Step on the end of the line attached to the ring buoy/heaving line/ heaving

jug with your forward foot. Avoid stepping on the coiled line with the other foot.

(cont)

3- Shout to get the victim’s attention. Make eye contact and say that you are going to throw the object now. Tell the victim to grab it. (They might not be able to hear you or respond to you.)

cont

4. Bend your knees and throw the object to the victim. Try to throw the object upwind and/or up

current, just over (past) the victim's head so that the line drops within reach.

If the victim does not immediately notice and grab the line, move yourself on the deck/ on shore so you can pull the line to get the object under the victim's hand/arm.

(cont)

5. When the victim has grasped the object or the line, slowly pull him or her to safety. Lean away from the water as you pull.

(cont)

6. If the object does not get out as far as the victim, quickly pull the line back in and throw it again. Try to keep the line from tangling, but do not waste time trying to coil it. If using a throw bag, partially fill the bag with some water and throw it again.

Try to keep the line from tangling, but do not waste time trying to coil it. If using a throw bag, partially fill the bag with some water and throw it again.

ALWAYS WEAR YOUR PFD/PPE Don't Go:  Don't go into the water

unless you are trained the way life guards are trained to rescue injured people. call for help.

If you call for Rescue 1122 or 15 stay calm and give your exact location.

cont……

Learn first aid:  CPR

(Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) for drowning and how to help someone who has been in cold water and may need treatment for

hypothermia.

Go only with assistance and only with trained personnel.

Use flotation aids for the victim like rescue can or rescue tube.

Assisted swimming rescues always with proper PPE.

Location of Victims

Location of Victims In flat water,

location of average patient under average conditions = 1.5x water depth of where he/she went down

FOR EXAMPLE:

Water is 10 feet deep Patient will be within a circle with a 15 feet radius centered on spot where patient went down. If the surface is under water is flat.

If the surface is not flat then the patient will be 20 to 30 Feet to the slow side

Location of Victims In moving water, patients will be within 100 to 150 yards downstream

Common locations:

Deep holes Eddies downstream of large objects Strainers it is also depend on water speed in the mountain area the patients may go kilometers of downstream

HOW TO SEARCH THE VICTIM UNDER WATER Probing by Bamboo stick If the water is not dirty the rescuer can touch the water and he will see every thing under water easily up to 20 feet under water

Through boat and Rescue Rope

RESCUE TECHNIQUES Physical Rescue by Rescuer By Rope throw water knots By bamboos stick with hook

CONSCIOUS VICTIM

UNCONSCIOUS VICTIM

Moving Water

MOVING WATER

Moving Water Most dangerous water rescue Requires proficiency in: Technical rope rescue skills Crossing moving water Defensive swimming Use of throw bags Shore-based and boat-based rescues Ability to package patient in water

RECIRCULATING CURRENTS

Recirculating Currents Develop as water moves over uniform obstructions (rocks, low head dams) “Hydraulic” forms, moves against flow Recirculating water traps people against object

STRAINERS Strainers Partial obstructions that filter water Downed trees, gratings, mesh Creates unequal force across itself People become pinned water’s force

  Strainers Attempt to swim over object Do NOT put feet on bottom

FOOT/EXTREMITY PINS : 

Foot/Extremity Pins Walking in moving water over knee depth ALWAYS is hazardous! Foot, leg may become entrapped Person can be knocked below surface by water’s force Extremity held in place by water’s weight, force

INTAKES

Intakes Height is no indication of danger All dams may have recirculating currents Intake grates serve as strainers

MOVING WATER SELF-RESCUE

Moving Water Self-Rescue Avoid entering water except as last resort! Cover mouth, nose Protect head, keep face out of water Do NOT attempt to stand up Float on back, feet pointed downstream Steer with feet,

point head toward near shore at 45 angle Water move slower on inside of bends

Look for obstructions Eddies on downside of objects may flow slowly upstream, moving you toward river’s edge

Flat Water

FACTORS AFFECTING SURVIVAL

 Factors Affecting Survival Age Position underwater Lung volume PDF use Water temperature Mammalian diving reflex

Factors Affecting Survival PFD Use 89% of all boating fatalities are related to lack of a PFD PFDs should be worn when working in, on, or near water Swimming pools, flash floods can be water hazards even in arid areas!

Factors Affecting Survival

Mammalian Diving Reflex Water <68 ◦F Brady cardia, intense peripheral vasoconstriction Blood, oxygen shunted to core organs, circulated very slowly Hypothermia Slows metabolism Conserves oxygen Only protective if it occurs BEFORE cardiac arrest occurs

COLD PROTECTIVE RESPONSE  

Cold Protective Response YOU’RE NOT DEAD UNTIL YOU’RE WARM AND DEAD!

RESCUE VS. RECOVERY

Rescue vs. Recovery Time submerged Age Physical condition Known/suspected trauma Water temperature Estimated time for rescue/removal

In-Water Patient Immobilization

In-Water Patient Immobilization Assume cervical injuries in drowning victims until prove otherwise

IN-WATER FIRST AID

Phase 1:

In-Water Splint victim head, neck with arms Roll victim to face-up position Assure open airway Maintain position until cervical collar applied

C-COLLAR APPLICATION : 

Phase 2:

C-collar Application Primary

rescuer maintains airway, SMR Second rescuer sizes, applies collar Second rescuer secures patient’s hand to patient’s

waist

BACK BOARDING

Phase 3:

Back boarding Maintain airway and manual SMR Submerge board under

patient’s waist Allow board to float up to victim Secure victim with straps

REMOVAL Phase 4:

Removal Move to extraction point Extricate patient head first Pass from water to rescuers on land Avoid extrication thorough surf Use bystanders who can swim as a breakwater behind patient

SAFETY MEASURES FOR RESCUERS Check the surface of ground in the water Before inter the water make sure there

is no poison insects or snakes in the water

An also check for the sharp edges or bushes under the water.

Before inter the water check your all PFD and PPE equipments .

Don’t allow the non swimmers to go in side water (cont)

Thank

You