presentation on artificial intelligence by prince kumar kushwaha from rustamji institute of...

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PRESENTATION ON

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Presented by Prince kumar

kushwaha 0902EC101053

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Content 1 What Is Artificial Intelligence 2 History 3 Scientist In Creation Of AI 4 Problems Of AI 5 The Turing’s Test, Picture Arrangement Test 6 Artificial Intelligence Vs Human Intelligence 7 Artificial Intelligence Applications 8 Future Of AI 9 Advantages And Disadvantages Of AI 10 Conclusion

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What is artifical intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence exhibited by machines or software, and the branch of computer science that develops machines and software with human-like intelligence.

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HISTORY

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SCIENTIST IN CREATION OF AIIn 1956 John McCarthy regarded as the father of AI, organized a conference to draw the talent and expertise of others interested in machine intelligence.

John McCarthy, who defines the term as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines".

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Problems of AI The general problem of simulating intelligence

has been broken down into a number of specific sub-problems. These consist of particular traits or capabilities that researchers would like an intelligent system to display.

Deduction, reasoning, problem solving Knowledge Representation Planning Learning Natural language processing Motion and manipulation

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1 Deduction, reasoning, problem solving

Early AI researchers developed Algorithms that imitated the step-by-step reasoning that human beings use when they solve puzzles, play board games or make logical deductions.

2 Knowledge Representation Many of the problems machines are

expected to solve will require extensive knowledge about the world.

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3 Planning Intelligent agents must be able to set goals and achieve them. They need a way to visualize the future and be able to make choices that maximize the utility (or "value") of the available choices.

Types of planning1 Classical planning 2 Multi agent planning

4 Learning Machine learning is the study of computer

algorithms that improve automatically through experience and has been central to AI research since the field's inception.

Types of learning 1 Unsupervised learning 2 Supervised learning 3 Reinforcement learning

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5 Natural language processing Natural language processing gives

machines the ability to read and understand the languages that the human beings speak.

6 Motion and manipulation The field of robotics is closely related to

AI. Intelligence is required for robots to be able to handle such tasks as object manipulation and navigation, with sub-problems of localization (knowing where you are), mapping (learning what is around you) , motion planning (figuring out how to get there) and path planning (going from one point in space to another point).

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The Turing’s Test

Alan Turing (1912 - 1954) Proposed a test - Turing’s

Imitation Game Tests the intelligence

of the computer.Phase 1:

Man and woman separated from an interrogator.

The interrogator types in a question to either party.

By observing responses, the interrogator’s goal was to identify which was the man and which was the woman.

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Phase 2 of the Turing’s test:

The man was replaced by the computer.

If the computer could fool the interrogator as often as the person did, it could be said that the computer had displayed intelligence.

Picture Arrangement

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Picture Arrangement

Currently untouchable AI -- but we shall see.

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Artificial Intelligence Vs Human Intelligence

AI

Exact information .

Byte-addressable memory.

hardware/software used.

Not forget and lose information.

HI

Not exact information.

Content-addressable memory. No hardware/software used.

Can forget and lose information

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Approaches to AI

Methods and ways used to solve AI problems

• cybernetics

• cognitive simulation

• logic based

• knowledge based

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Cybernetics

It is the study of control and communication in the animal and machine.

Cognitive simulation

Psychology was the base of this approach to AI. Human psychology was simulated.

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Logic based

This approach uses formal logic to solve a wide varietyof problems, Including knowledge representation, planning and learning. programming language used is PROLOG

Knowledge based

Expert systems were developed keeping knowledge as the base,these systems could behave like an human expert and answer or provide solutions to any questions related to that fieldto which it is intended.

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS

1 ROBOTICS 2 MILITARY 3 MEDICINE 4 NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING 5 PATTERN RECOGNITION 6 TELEPHONE TRANSLATORS

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Advantages Don’t need sleep

Easier copying

Save the time

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Disadvantages

It will take long time to buildSmall amount of information Can’t provide a human feelNo emotional understanding

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AI is like a two edged sword, at one end they can solve problems "intelligently" at another end they pose a problem themselves.

A.I. is something that has been achieved only to a very limited degree and it remain a very difficult problem and a long term goal of computer science.

Since we are having some limitation or disadvantages of A.I. but still there is a bright future of Artificial Intelligence.

CONCLUSION

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Just You Wait...

or 20...

or 30...

or 50...

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Thank you…

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ANY QUERY …