prehistoric cultures

Prehistoric Cultures

Class Slides Set 12D

Primates: ApesTim Roufs’ section

http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/pcprim.html#Apes

Classification chart (after Linnaeus)

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 96

A Primate Family TreeThe Emergence of Humankind, 4th ed., p. 64

Primate taxonomic classification

Apes

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

Primate taxonomic classification

Hylobates

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

Primate taxonomic classification

Pongids:”The Great Apes”

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

Primate taxonomic classification

Orangutan

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

Primate taxonomic classificationUnderstanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

Gorilla

Primate taxonomic classificationUnderstanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

Chimpanzee

Primate taxonomic classificationUnderstanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

Hominids

HominoideaHominoidea

Hylobates gibbon

Family

Pongids(“great apes”)

Hominids

orangutanchimpanzeegorilla

Genus / Species

HominoideaHominoidea

Hylobates gibbon

Pongids(“great apes”)

Hominids

Family Genus / Species

Geographical distribution of modern Asian apes

Modern Asian ApesModern Asian Apes

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 131

p. 131

Old World Monkey: Gibbon

The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 75

p. 131

Old World Monkey: Gibbon

The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 74

p. 131

White-handed gibbonUnderstanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 131

p. 131

HominoideaHominoidea

Hylobates gibbon

Genus / Species

Pongids(“great apes”)

Hominids

orangutanchimpanzeegorilla

Family

Pongids Pongids ((Great ApesGreat Apes))

•orangutan (Pongo)

•chimpanzee (Pan)

•gorilla (Gorilla)

Geographical distribution of modern

African and Asian apes

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 131-136

p. 131 p. 132

Pongids Pongids ((Great ApesGreat Apes))

•orangutan (Pongo)

Primate taxonomic classification

Orangutan

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

Geographical distribution of modern Asian apes

Modern Asian ApesModern Asian Apes

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 131

p. 131

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 139

Orangutan (female)p. 131

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 161

Orangutanp. 131

The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 81

Great Ape: Bearded Male Orangutan – “The Man of the Forest”

p. 131

Great Ape: Orangutan

The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 191

p. 131

Pongids Pongids ((Great ApesGreat Apes))

•orangutan (Pongo)

•chimpanzee (Pan)

•gorilla (Gorilla)

http://www.careerbuilder.com/TV/

Primate taxonomic classificationUnderstanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

Chimpanzee

Geographical distribution of modern African apes

Modern African ApesModern African Apes

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 132

p. 132

Chimpanzee

The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 71

p. 132

Chimpanzee (male)

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 134

p. 132

Chimpanzee (female)

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 134

p. 132

Female bonobos with young

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 135

p. 132

Chimpanzees grooming

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 151

p. 132

http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa003&articleID=000C1A68-BA52-11F6-BA5283414B7F0000

http://www.nature.com/news/2005/050124/full/050124-7.html

Pongids Pongids ((Great ApesGreat Apes))

chimpanzee sexual dimorphism

– female body weight is 78% of male weight

http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/pcgoodal.html#Jane_Goodall

http://www.newsobserver.com/689/story/1043421.html

www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24878149/

Pongids Pongids ((Great ApesGreat Apes))

•orangutan (Pongo)

•chimpanzee (Pan)

•gorilla (Gorilla)

Primate taxonomic classificationUnderstanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

Gorilla

Geographical distribution of modern African apes

Modern African ApesModern African Apes

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 132

p. 132

Western lowland gorilla (male)

Gorilla gorlla gorillaUnderstanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 132

p. 132

Western lowland gorilla (female)

Gorilla gorlla gorillaUnderstanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 132

p. 132

Mountain gorilla (male)

Gorilla gorilla beringei Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 133

p. 132

Mountain gorilla (female)

Gorilla gorilla beringei Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 133

p. 132

Pongids Pongids ((Great ApesGreat Apes))

gorillas have considerable sexual dimorphism

– female body weight is half (51%) of male weight

news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/08/080805-gorillas-congo.html

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/09/080916-bush-meat.html?source=rss

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/09/080916-bush-meat.html?source=rss

Pongids Pongids ((Great ApesGreat Apes))

Time permitting, we’ll have a closer look

at the Great Apes later

(class slide Set # 14)

Next: General Features and Major Evolutionary Trends

of Apes and Humans