pregnancy prenatal care and oral healthcare for children
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PREGNANCY PRENATAL CARE AND ORAL HEALTHCARE FOR
CHILDREN
MY NIECE…MORGAN
PREGNANCY AND THE ORAL – SYSTEMIC LINK The facts:
According to the National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research at the National Institute of Health, research has shown that since a pregnant woman shares blood with her unborn baby, any infection of the mouth - such as a cavity or gum (periodontal) disease — can affect the baby.
What this means: Pregnant women who have gum disease may be
more likely to have a baby that is premature. It is also thought that gum disease may be
implicated in fertility issues.
PREGNANCY AND ORAL HEALTHChanges in hormones and behaviour patterns
canresult in a range of problems: Decay – from increase bacteria Gag reflex – can compromise brushing Erosion – wearing away of the enamel from
acids such as morning sickness Epulis – lumps on the gum Gingivitis – swelling and tenderness of the
gums Periodontal disease – infection of the gums
and surrounding bone
HOW DO I INCREASE THE CHANCES OF A HEALTHY PREGNANCY? A DENTAL PERSPECTIVE When preparing for, or during your
pregnancy, remember to visit to your hygienist/dentist.
During your pregnancy, your teeth and gums need special attention.
Regular brushing and flossing, eating a balanced diet and visiting your hygienist regularly will help reduce dental problems that can accompany pregnancy.
VISIT THE HYGIENIST WHEN YOU ARE PREGNANT Tell your hygienist/dentist you are pregnant. Discuss any stresses, past/current health and
pregnancy complications and medications. These factors will all influence how your hygienist attends to your needs.
A thorough examination of your teeth and gums will be carried out. A treatment plan or maintenance plan will then be recommended.
WHAT IF I AM DIAGNOSED WITH PERIODONTAL DISEASE DURING PREGNANCY? Treatment is safe and poses less of a risk
than leaving the problems untreated. Your dentist or hygienist might recommend
scaling and root planing. This is a common procedure that meticulously removes contamination, toxins, micro-organisms, plaque and tartar from teeth and gums.
CAN I TRANSMIT HARMFUL BACTERIA THAT MAY AFFECT MY BABY'S TEETH? Yes. Cavity-causing germs can be transmitted
through contact — like when baby puts hands in your mouth, and then in his/her own mouth. That's why it's so important to keep your own teeth and gums healthy.
CHILDREN’S TOOTH FORMATION Your baby’s first teeth will begin to develop about
three months into pregnancy. At birth, a full set of baby teeth has begun to form
underneath the gums. Crown formation is not complete until well after
birth. Root formation takes even longer. During the last trimester, the mother provides all
minerals needed to calcify the baby´s teeth. The best source of minerals is from an increased
intake of calcium-rich food and drink by the mother. The healthier your diet is, the greater the likelihood
that your baby’s teeth and gums will be healthy too.
ANATOMY OF A TOOTH
TEETHING A baby's first tooth usually comes through the gum
between 6 to 9 months of age. A full set of 20 primary teeth is usually present by 3
years of age. Symptoms of teething are variable and may include:
Irritability Mouthing of objects Dribbling may increase Food fussiness or refusal Redness on cheeks Swelling on gums Restlessness by day, sleeplessness by night Rashes on faces or buttocks
Management is based on symptoms shown
EMERGING TEETH
ERUPTION AND LOSS OF BABY TEETH
TOOTH DECAY IN CHILDHOOD Baby teeth can decay from the time they appear in
the mouth. In fact, teeth decay more readily when they first erupt.
Babies are born sterile. They have no decay causing bacteria in their mouths. Bacteria is transferred to babies via contact.
Decay causing bacteria use sugars from foods to produce acid attacks. Each acid attack can last up to 20 minutes.
The very early stages of mineral/enamel loss are reversible.
One of the best ways to ensure your child stays decay-free is to ensure that your own teeth and gums are clean and healthy.
IS BREASTFEEDING BETTER THAN BOTTLE FEEDING IN PREVENTING EARLY CHILDHOOD DECAY? Many experts recommend breast-feeding
over bottle-feeding for the overall health of your child.
However, breast-feeding can lead to Early Childhood Cavities in the same way that bottle-feeding can.
To prevent early childhood cavities: Avoid overnight feeding, Avoid letting baby walk around with a bottle The Dental Association recommends that you
encourage your child to drink from a cup by his/her first birthday
BABY BOTTLE DECAY
early decay moderate decay
severe decay
WHO CHECKS CHILDREN’S TEETH? Dentists - qualified to treat diseases and oral
conditions that affect the teeth and gums. Dental Hygienists – work co-jointly with the
dentist. They are qualified to treat diseases of the gums and soft tissues.
Dental Therapists - work co-jointly with the dentist. They treat diseases of the teeth and gums in pre-school, primary and secondary school aged children.
You – availability means you are first line of defence.
CHECKING CHILDREN’S TEETH Lap to lap technique
CHECKING CHILDREN’S TEETH Lift the lip tehcnique
PREVENTION PREVENTION PREVENTION!
Take your child for regular dental visits from the first signs of teeth. Familiarization can begin even earlier.
Protect children’s teeth with fluoride. Prioritize oral health at least twice each day. A balanced diet is necessary for children to
develop strong, decay-resistant teeth. If you are, or planning to be, pregnant get
prenatal dental care and eat a healthy diet. Talk to your child’s dentist/therapist about
sealants. They protect teeth from decay.
WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO BRUSH CHILDREN’S TEETH? If your baby won't open their mouth when it's time
to brush their teeth, then try putting a brush in YOUR mouth - babies love to mimic whatever Mum is doing!
Open your mouth wide and sing a song. They will either try to copy your singing - or they will laugh - but either way, they will have opened their mouth!
Sit your baby in the most comfortable position for both of you - try standing or sitting behind your baby as they look up.
Be gentle - it isn't necessary to brush firmly at this stage and it may just put your baby off having their teeth brushed altogether!
HOW TO BRUSH
SHOULD CHILDREN FLOSS? YES! Flossing removes food particles and plaque
between teeth that brushing misses. Children should begin flossing by age 4 with
assistance. At age 8, most kids can begin flossing for
themselves.
HOW TO FLOSS
WHAT IS FLUORIDE AND HOW DO I KNOW MY CHILD IS GETTING ENOUGH? Fluoride is one of the best ways to help prevent
against tooth decay. A naturally occurring mineral, fluoride combines
with the tooth's enamel to strengthen it. In many municipal water supplies, the right
amount of fluoride is added for proper tooth development.
If your water supply does not contain any (or enough) fluoride, or your child has weakened enamel, your child's pediatrician or dentist may suggest using fluoride drops or a mouthrinse in addition to a fluoride toothpaste.
WHEN SHOULD I START USING FLUORIDE TOOTHPASTE FOR MY CHILD? When your child is able to spit. Fluoride is safe and necessary to keep teeth
strong, but only at appropriate levels. Younger toddlers tend to swallow toothpaste in
excessive amounts, and this may lead to fluorosis, which causes discoloration of the teeth.
And remember — even if your water is fluoridated, you still need to use fluoride toothpaste. Fluoride is necessary in both "topical" forms — like toothpaste, and "ingested" forms - like water or fluoride supplements.
WHAT SHOULD I DO IF MY CHILD CHIPS, BREAKS OR KNOCKS OUT A TOOTH? Contact your dentist immediately. If your child is in pain give a pain reliever. Keep any broken pieces. If a tooth is completely knocked out, handle
the tooth as little as possible — do not wipe or clean the tooth. Ideally put the tooth back into the child’s mouth, have them tuck it into their cheek. Alternatively, store the tooth in water or milk until you get to your dentist.
IS IT OK THAT MY CHILD SUCKS HIS/HER THUMB? Thumbsucking is normal for infants Most stop on their own by age 2 If your child sucks his/her thumb beyond age
2, try to discourage it by age 4 Thumbsucking beyond age 4 can lead to
crooked, crowded teeth and/or bite problems
DENTAL CONCERNS FACING CHILDREN BORN PREMATURELY Evidence shows that children who are born
prematurely are more prone to develop dental problems.
Baby teeth are most vulnerable however, secondary teeth can also be affected.
Most often seen are:Delayed tooth eruption Enamel defectsTooth discolourationGreater risk of tooth decayPalatal groovesOver crowding
DENTAL ADVICE FOR CHILDREN BORN PREMATURELY Let your dentist/therapist/hygienist know that
your child was born prematurely. Visit your dentist/therapist/hygienist
religiously Like with all children (and adults) it is all
about PREVENTION Incorporate fluoride Provide a nutritious diet Minimise snacks between meals Clean or brush children’s teeth/mouth after
meals Follow your dentists recommendations Don’t share eating implements
HOW DO I ENCOURAGE KIDS TO BE PARTNERS IN THEIR ORAL HEALTH? http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=2QMogM6TRIQ&feature=related
Kids love to mimic what their parents are doing
Make it fun with games http://www.colgate.com/app/
BrightSmilesBrightFutures/US/EN/Kids/Games.cvsp
Positive reinforcement http://www.colgate.com.au/app/Colgate/AU/
OC/Information/InteractiveGuides/EveryAge.cvsp
MY ADVICE TO YOU All women, either pregnant or considering
pregnancy should have a full oral health examination.
The guidelines maintain that diagnosis and treatment, including x-rays, can be undertaken safely during pregnancy.
Dental treatment should be co-jointly managed by prenatal and oral health care providers.
Elective treatment can be deferred until after delivery.
Don’t delay in obtaining necessary treatment, it could result in significant risk to you and baby alike.
Use a gentle toothbrush Brush teeth twice daily Use a fluoride toothpaste Floss daily Limit foods containing sugar to mealtimes only Choose water or low-fat milk as a beverage Choose fruit rather than fruit juice Use a teaspoon of baking soda in a cup of water
as a rinse or a mouthwash after vomiting Chew sugarless or xylitol-containing gum after
eating
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