practicing aboriginal cultural safety · influenced by exposure to family, culture, community and...
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Practicing Indigenous Cultural SafetyElder: Elaine Berwald , White Northern Lights Woman, Aniishnaabe, Mi’Kmaq, Metis
Jamie Warren, M.ED., RP, CCCP Laraine Hale (H)B.S.W., M.S.W., R.S.W
Adjusting Our Cultural Lens:
Our Time Together…
10:30 Opening: Elder, Elaine Berwald
11:00 Acknowledgements, Welcome, Introductions
11:30 What Is Cultural Safety?
12:00 The Great Canadian History Challenge
12:30 Break / Lunch
1:30 How History Shapes Us: Impacts of Intergenerational Trauma
2:00 Navigating Pathways Forward
3:30 Closing: Elder, Elaine Berwald
Acknowledgements…
We are gathered on the traditional lands of
the Haudenosaunee, the Huron-Wendat and
Petun First Nations, the Seneca, and most
recently, the Mississaugas of the New Credit.
This is the territory of the “Dish with One Spoon” Wampum, a treaty agreement between the
Anishinaabeg, Mississaugas, and Haudenosaunee peoples that bound them to share and care
for the resources around the Great Lakes. Today, the meeting place of Toronto is still the
home to many Indigenous peoples from across Turtle Island and we are grateful to have the
opportunity to gather on this territory in the spirit of peace, friendship and respect.
Evolution of Cultural Safety
Cultural Awareness:
Acknowledgement of Difference
Cultural Sensitivity:
Respecting Difference
Cultural Competence:
Skills, knowledge and Attitudes
Cultural Safety:
Recognition of Socio-Political Histories
Involves Self-Reflection and Empathy
Cultural Safety
2000’s
Cultural Awareness
1950-60’s
Cultural Sensitivity
1980’s Cultural Competency
1990’s
What is Cultural Safety?
Creating Culturally Safe Spaces…for All of Us
WorldviewsInfluenced by exposure to family, culture, community and experiences.
Common Elements Within Indigenous Worldviews:
Creation stories
Belief in the interconnectedness of all
Circle, symbolizing the value of ‘wholeness’
The importance of balance and harmony
For many, the 7 Grandfather Teachings offer guidance:
LOVE, RESPECT, BRAVERY, HONESTY, TRUTHHUMILITY and WISDOM
Key Aspects
Concerns the Land
Requires Specific Ideology (racism; views Indigenous people as
inferior/subordinate/dependent)
Linked with Violence (intentional acts of cultural genocide
towards Indigenous peoples)
Ongoing (still current)
(Cote-Meek, 2014; Cote-Meek & Patel, 2018)
The forced disconnection of Indigenous peoples from their land, culture, history, identity, and community so others can benefit. (Alfred, n.d.)
The Great Canadian History Challenge!
Trauma
Cultural Trauma – caused by an attack on the fabric of a society, impacting the essence of the community and its members
Historical Trauma - when individuals have been traumatized by events that occurred before their birth (Wesley-Esquimaux & Smolewski, 2004; Duran & Duran, 1995)
Intergenerational Trauma – occurs when trauma is unresolved, becomes internalized and subsequently transmitted from one generation to the next
Effects of Intergenerational Trauma
Racism
Discrimination
Colonization:
Loss of Land
Loss of Identity
Loss of Language
Loss of Culture/Traditions
What We See Today...
Poverty
Crime
Unemployment
Health
Education
Violence
Intergenerational Violence…What Can We Do?
Recognizing Historical Influences
Creating Safe
Spaces
‘Hearing’ Our
Stories
Indigenizing Our Environments
Working Through Grief and Loss
Honouring Identity
Importance of Culture and Gift Giving
TRC Calls to Action:
Beyond 94
Change Tripod
Individual Institution Communityself awareness structural awareness community awarenessself reflection advocacy and allies systemic change
Challenging Conversations
Asking an Indigenous Person…
• Do you have any teachings or knowledge about…?
• How do you self-identify?
• How do you want to be introduced? How do I pronounce that?
• What is the appropriate way to… ?
• Might this be perceived as inappropriate?
• Are there any specific protocols that I should be following?
Promoting Cultural Safety…
Reflecting on one’s own culture, attitudes, and beliefs about ‘others’
Recognizing our history of colonization and understanding the impact of it
Clear, value free, open and respectful communication
Focus on building relationships; developing trust
Recognizing and avoiding stereotypical barriers
Being prepared to engage in a two-way, reciprocal dialogue
Be prepared for resistance due to potential conflict with existing colonization and assimilation policies
in Canada
(Acquash, 2013; Cultural Connections for Learning, 2013)
ETUAPTMUMK - "TWO-EYED SEEING"
Two-Eyed Seeing is learning to use both these eyes together, for the benefit of all.- Elder Albert
Marshall (Mi'kmaw Nation)
Artists: Jade Bourque, Jessica Beers, and Thunder Nevin
Learn to see from one eye with the strengths
of Indigenous knowledges and ways
of knowing
Learn to see from the other eye with the
strengths of Western knowledges and ways
of knowing
A Way Forward…
History,
Tradition,
and
Healing
…Walk With Us
With Gratitude
Miigwetch! (Ojibway)
Nia:wen! (Mohawk)
Marsee! (Metis)
Kinana’skomitin! (Cree)
Mahsi cho! (Dene)
Qujannamiik! (Inuktitut)
Thank you! (English)
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