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Unit 55Unit 55Roof FinishRoof Finish

Roof Overhangs and Cornices • Open Cornices • Closed Cornices • Cornice

Soffit Systems • Covering Roofs • Asphalt Shingles • Wood Shingles and Shakes •

Tile Roofing • Metal Roof Covering • Built-up Roof Covering

Roof Overhangs and Cornices • Open Cornices • Closed Cornices • Cornice

Soffit Systems • Covering Roofs • Asphalt Shingles • Wood Shingles and Shakes •

Tile Roofing • Metal Roof Covering • Built-up Roof Covering

Unit 55 — Roof FinishUnit 55 — Roof Finish

Finish fascia boards are nailed to a fascia backer or directly to the roof rafter tails.Finish fascia boards are nailed to a fascia backer or directly to the roof rafter tails.

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In open cornice construction, the frieze board is cut between the rafters and molding is nailed over the frieze board.

In open cornice construction, the frieze board is cut between the rafters and molding is nailed over the frieze board.

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For a flat box cornice with a plywood soffit, the soffit is nailed to the upper edge of the frieze board and to the underside of the lookouts. Note the metal soffit vent installed in the soffit for ventilation.

For a flat box cornice with a plywood soffit, the soffit is nailed to the upper edge of the frieze board and to the underside of the lookouts. Note the metal soffit vent installed in the soffit for ventilation.

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Lookouts are not required for a sloped box cornice. The soffit is nailed directly to the underside of the rafters. Note the soffit angle when compared to the flat box cornice shown in Figure 55-3.

Lookouts are not required for a sloped box cornice. The soffit is nailed directly to the underside of the rafters. Note the soffit angle when compared to the flat box cornice shown in Figure 55-3.

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A flat box cornice requires a cornice return at the corner intersection of the gable end overhang and eaves soffits.

A flat box cornice requires a cornice return at the corner intersection of the gable end overhang and eaves soffits.

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A sloped box cornice does not require a cornice return at the gable end overhang.

A sloped box cornice does not require a cornice return at the gable end overhang.

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Vinyl cornice soffits and trim finish the overhang of this building. Note the vent openings in the soffit panels of the upper level.

Vinyl cornice soffits and trim finish the overhang of this building. Note the vent openings in the soffit panels of the upper level.

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Gutters and downspouts drain water from a roof.Gutters and downspouts drain water from a roof.

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Shingles and shakes must be properly lapped to ensure the roof is watertight.Shingles and shakes must be properly lapped to ensure the roof is watertight.

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In cold climates, eaves flashing is installed along the roof eaves and extends 12″ to 24″ inside the building wall line.

In cold climates, eaves flashing is installed along the roof eaves and extends 12″ to 24″ inside the building wall line.

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The adhesive ice and water guard membrane is applied directly to the roof sheathing.

The adhesive ice and water guard membrane is applied directly to the roof sheathing.

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A 2″ toplap and 4″ sidelap are required for shingle underlayment.A 2″ toplap and 4″ sidelap are required for shingle underlayment.

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Asphalt strip shingles are available in many designs. Seal-down adhesive tabs help to prevent wind damage to the shingles.

Asphalt strip shingles are available in many designs. Seal-down adhesive tabs help to prevent wind damage to the shingles.

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Individual asphalt shingles are primarily used for restoration work.

Individual asphalt shingles are primarily used for restoration work.

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Open valley or closed valley flashing may be used on asphalt‑shingled roofs.Open valley or closed valley flashing may be used on asphalt‑shingled roofs.

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Metal stepped flashing is necessary where a joint occurs between a pitched roof and vertical wall.Metal stepped flashing is necessary where a joint occurs between a pitched roof and vertical wall.

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Flashing is required where stacks project above the roof.Flashing is required where stacks project above the roof.

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Smooth, annular, or screw-shank nails are used to fasten asphalt shingles to roof sheathing.Smooth, annular, or screw-shank nails are used to fasten asphalt shingles to roof sheathing.

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Drip edges, underlayment, and eaves flashing must be installed prior to installing asphalt strip shingles. In this example, three‑tab strip shingles are used.

Drip edges, underlayment, and eaves flashing must be installed prior to installing asphalt strip shingles. In this example, three‑tab strip shingles are used.

Unit 55 — Roof FinishUnit 55 — Roof Finish

The Boston method may be used for finishing the ridge and hips of an asphalt shingle roof.

The Boston method may be used for finishing the ridge and hips of an asphalt shingle roof.

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Shingles have a smoother finish than shakes and are tapered from the butt to the concealed end.

Shingles have a smoother finish than shakes and are tapered from the butt to the concealed end.

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Spaced sheathing is commonly used with wood shake or shingle roofs to provide air circulation beneath the roof. Note that solid sheathing is installed over the eaves.

Spaced sheathing is commonly used with wood shake or shingle roofs to provide air circulation beneath the roof. Note that solid sheathing is installed over the eaves.

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When nailing shingles or shakes, drive the nails until heads rest on the surface. If nails are driven into the surface, they will have less holding power. Use only two nails to a shake, placed 3/4″ from each edge and 1 1/2″ above the exposure line. Hot‑dipped, zinc‑coated nails are recommended when applying wood shingles. Aluminum and stainless steel nails are also acceptable.

When nailing shingles or shakes, drive the nails until heads rest on the surface. If nails are driven into the surface, they will have less holding power. Use only two nails to a shake, placed 3/4″ from each edge and 1 1/2″ above the exposure line. Hot‑dipped, zinc‑coated nails are recommended when applying wood shingles. Aluminum and stainless steel nails are also acceptable.

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Greater shingle exposure is allowed for roofs with steeper slopes.Greater shingle exposure is allowed for roofs with steeper slopes.

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The first course of wood shingles should extend 1″ to 1 1/2″ beyond the eaves and 1″ beyond the rake edge of the gable.

The first course of wood shingles should extend 1″ to 1 1/2″ beyond the eaves and 1″ beyond the rake edge of the gable.

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Since wood shakes have rough and uneven surfaces, underlayment must be placed between each course.Since wood shakes have rough and uneven surfaces, underlayment must be placed between each course.

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Hip sections of a roof are finished off with a hip cap.Hip sections of a roof are finished off with a hip cap.

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When finishing a hip roof, shingles may be overlapped at the hip and flashing is installed in valleys.

When finishing a hip roof, shingles may be overlapped at the hip and flashing is installed in valleys.

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Ridge and hip caps are also available as factory‑manufactured units.

Ridge and hip caps are also available as factory‑manufactured units.

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The open valley method is considered the most practical for finishing a valley.

The open valley method is considered the most practical for finishing a valley.

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Flashing and counter flashing must be placed around a chimney on a wood shake roof.

Flashing and counter flashing must be placed around a chimney on a wood shake roof.

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Tile roofing provides an attractive and fireproof finish roof covering.

Tile roofing provides an attractive and fireproof finish roof covering.

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Tile roofing is available in a variety of field tiles and accessories.

Tile roofing is available in a variety of field tiles and accessories.

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Battens are laid out to provide proper headlap for tiles.

Battens are laid out to provide proper headlap for tiles.

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Metal flashing is placed in all roof areas where leaks may occur.

Metal flashing is placed in all roof areas where leaks may occur.

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Metal shingles are textured to provide the appearance of wood shakes or shingles.

Metal shingles are textured to provide the appearance of wood shakes or shingles.

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Battens may be installed beneath metal shingle panels.

Battens may be installed beneath metal shingle panels.

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Standing-seam metal roofs provide excellent water drainage.Standing-seam metal roofs provide excellent water drainage.

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Standing-seam roll-formed panels are secured in place with clips concealed inside the seams. A factory-applied sealant inside the seam produces a watertight connection when the seams are properly installed.

Standing-seam roll-formed panels are secured in place with clips concealed inside the seams. A factory-applied sealant inside the seam produces a watertight connection when the seams are properly installed.

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When applying a built‑up roof, each felt layer is hot‑mopped. The final surface is covered with gravel embedded in asphalt or tar.

When applying a built‑up roof, each felt layer is hot‑mopped. The final surface is covered with gravel embedded in asphalt or tar.

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Built-up roof coverings are commonly used with flat roof decks constructed with parapets. Flashing, counterflashing, and asphalt-saturated felt are installed around the edges of the roof deck and other roof projections to provide a watertight seal.

Built-up roof coverings are commonly used with flat roof decks constructed with parapets. Flashing, counterflashing, and asphalt-saturated felt are installed around the edges of the roof deck and other roof projections to provide a watertight seal.

Unit 55 — Roof FinishUnit 55 — Roof Finish

Gravel stops are used to finish the edges of built‑up roofs.Gravel stops are used to finish the edges of built‑up roofs.