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Challenges in building and using aLifetime Personal Information
Storebased on MyLifeBits
Gordon BellGordon BellAccelerating Change Accelerating Change ── 6 November 2004 6 November 2004
The 1 TB Life
1TB gives you 65+ years of:1TB gives you 65+ years of: 100 email messages a day (5KB each)100 email messages a day (5KB each) 100 web pages day (50KB each)100 web pages day (50KB each) 5 scanned pages a day (100KB each)5 scanned pages a day (100KB each) 1 book every 10 days (1 MB each)1 book every 10 days (1 MB each) 10 photos per day (400 KB JPEG each)10 photos per day (400 KB JPEG each) 8 hours per day of sound - e.g. telephone,8 hours per day of sound - e.g. telephone,
voice annotations, and meeting recordings (8 Kb/s)voice annotations, and meeting recordings (8 Kb/s) 1 new music CD every 10 days (45 min each at 128 Kb/s)1 new music CD every 10 days (45 min each at 128 Kb/s)
It will take you 5 years to fill up your 80 GB driveIt will take you 5 years to fill up your 80 GB drive Want video? Buy more cheap drives (1 TB/year lets Want video? Buy more cheap drives (1 TB/year lets
you record 4 hours/day of 1.5 Mb/s video)you record 4 hours/day of 1.5 Mb/s video)
Everything goes in a database
You need all the features of a databaseYou need all the features of a database(Consistency, Indexing, Pivoting, Queries, Speed/scalability, Backup, (Consistency, Indexing, Pivoting, Queries, Speed/scalability, Backup, replication)replication)
If you don’t use one, you will find yourself creating one!If you don’t use one, you will find yourself creating one! Files as blobs, also sync with file system for legacy appsFiles as blobs, also sync with file system for legacy apps
SQLSQL
MyLifeBits Software
MyLifeBits store
database
Voice Voice annotation annotation tooltool
Text Text annotation annotation tooltool
Telephone Telephone capture toolcapture tool
TV capture TV capture tooltool
TV EPG TV EPG download download tooltool
Radio Radio capture capture & EPG& EPG
PocketPC PocketPC transfer transfer tooltool
PocketRadio PocketRadio playerplayer
Import filesImport files
MyLifeBits MyLifeBits ShellShell
files
Legacy Legacy applicationsapplications
Browser Browser tooltool
InternetInternet
IM captureIM capture
MAPI MAPI interfaceinterface
Legacy Legacy email clientemail client
GPS import & GPS import & Map displayMap display
SenseCamSenseCam
Screen saverScreen saver
MemexAs We May Think, Vannevar Bush, 1945
““A memex is a device in which an individual stores all A memex is a device in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility”exceeding speed and flexibility”
Full-text search, text & audio annotations, and Full-text search, text & audio annotations, and hyperlinkshyperlinks
I am data
The guinea pig
Gordon Bell is digitizing his lifeGordon Bell is digitizing his life Has now scanned virtually all:Has now scanned virtually all:
Books written (and read when possible)Books written (and read when possible) Personal documents (correspondence including memos and email, Personal documents (correspondence including memos and email,
bills, legal documents, papers written, …)bills, legal documents, papers written, …) PhotosPhotos Posters, paintings, photo of things (artifacts, …medals, plaques)Posters, paintings, photo of things (artifacts, …medals, plaques) Home movies and videosHome movies and videos CD collectionCD collection And, of course, all PC filesAnd, of course, all PC files
Now recording: phone, radio, TV (movies), web pages… Now recording: phone, radio, TV (movies), web pages… conversations and meetings to comeconversations and meetings to come
Paperless throughout 2002. 12” scanned, 12’ discardedPaperless throughout 2002. 12” scanned, 12’ discarded.. Only 44 GB, incl. 10 wma, 14 SQL!!! Video: o(100) + 500 movOnly 44 GB, incl. 10 wma, 14 SQL!!! Video: o(100) + 500 mov
Capture and encoding
I mean everything
50+ year old newspaper clippings
400 year old books
O(100s) tapes from videotape “black hole”
Personal LifeLog Applications
Conservator
Baby Book
Companion Caretaker
Babysitter
AdvisorMentorTutor
Autobiography
Photo Album
PersonalAssistant
Diary/Journal
Biography
Medical Manager
ExecutorObituary
Others Self
Assistant for Elderly
Application controlled by:
Oth
ers
Sel
fA
pp
lica
tio
n u
sed
by:
Personal Proxy
Parole Officer
Pers Flight Recorder
Meeting Prep
Captain’s Log
Trustee
Financial Manager
Personal Search is notProfessional or Web search
System sees every entry & accessSystem sees every entry & accessEverything, not just a professional life Everything, not just a professional life Limited to SIS, not an infinite amount, Limited to SIS, not an infinite amount,
covers a profession & personal lifecovers a profession & personal life
Web as seen by search engines
MyLifeBits
Knowledge breadth e.g. Dewey classification
Depth e.g. information item types & coverage
Professional user
Why bother? ..some reasons Technologist: “we can” an opportunity e.g. 1 TB disksTechnologist: “we can” an opportunity e.g. 1 TB disks For all of us with new media: a need e.g. jpg. Mp3For all of us with new media: a need e.g. jpg. Mp3 Environmentalist: eliminates “atoms” (paper, CDs…)Environmentalist: eliminates “atoms” (paper, CDs…) For business--memory enhancement & faster search:For business--memory enhancement & faster search:
Let content analysis and data mining discover trends Let content analysis and data mining discover trends and correlations in our lives…that even we don’t know.and correlations in our lives…that even we don’t know.
Business: It costs more to delete than it costs to storeBusiness: It costs more to delete than it costs to store Preservationist: decays or disappears unless its savedPreservationist: decays or disappears unless its saved For the human pack rat: “I may need it some day.” For the human pack rat: “I may need it some day.” For posterity and nostalgia: “Maybe others will want it.”For posterity and nostalgia: “Maybe others will want it.” Stories and ambience: basis for creating contentStories and ambience: basis for creating content For the aging & failed memory: surrogate memoryFor the aging & failed memory: surrogate memory
So you’ve got it – now what do you do with it?
““A record if it is to be useful … must be A record if it is to be useful … must be continuously extended, it must be stored, and continuously extended, it must be stored, and above all it must be consulted” above all it must be consulted”
““The difficulty seems to be, not so much that The difficulty seems to be, not so much that we publish unduly … but rather that we publish unduly … but rather that publication has been extended far beyond our publication has been extended far beyond our present ability to make real use of the record” present ability to make real use of the record”
- Vannevar Bush- Vannevar Bush
Using my life bits: beyond folders
#1: Folders#1: Folders
One item. One place.One item. One place.
It worked for 1000s of years.It worked for 1000s of years.
My docs and archive
S
Self
EE
X- Employer
EmployerEmployer
X-EmployerProjectProject
ProjectProject
Employer
Library/file cab
Library/file cab
Library/file cab
Library/file cab
Library/file cab
Library/file cab
Active Employer
Library/file cab
Library/file cabLibrary/file cab
<1995 Library/file cabLibrary/file cab
Project
BusinessInvests, family $s, & Legal
Personal, including Medical
Library/file cab
Freedom from hierarchyc:\my documents\talks\MyLifeBits.pptc:\my documents\talks\MyLifeBits.ppt
ID=location=organization=display stringID=location=organization=display stringDon’t make me invent unique namesDon’t make me invent unique namesDon’t make me file everythingDon’t make me file everythingOr let me pick multiple foldersOr let me pick multiple folders
Using my life bits: easily adding valuable content
#2: Text annotations#2: Text annotations
Making bits more valuable and retrievable. Making bits more valuable and retrievable.
“Its just bits until it is annotated”
Getting the user to tell a story is the ultimate in media value
A story is a “layout” in time and spaceA story is a “layout” in time and space Most valuable content (by selection, and by being well annotated)Most valuable content (by selection, and by being well annotated) Stories must include links to any media they use (for future navigation/search – Stories must include links to any media they use (for future navigation/search –
“transclusion”).“transclusion”). Cf: MovieMaker; Creative Memories PhotoAlbumsCf: MovieMaker; Creative Memories PhotoAlbums
Dapeng was an Dapeng was an intern at BARC intern at BARC for the summer for the summer of 2000of 2000
We took him to We took him to lunch at our lunch at our favorite Dim Sum favorite Dim Sum place to say place to say farewellfarewell
At table L-R: Dapeng, Gordon, Tom, Jim, Don, At table L-R: Dapeng, Gordon, Tom, Jim, Don, Vicky, Patrick, JimVicky, Patrick, Jim
Annotation like this…
VoiceAnnotation
Annotation when you feel like it, how you feel like it
Screensaver is the killer app!Screensaver is the killer app!
Using my life bits:the value of time & time posts
#3: “I remember when…”#3: “I remember when…”
The 1The 1stst or 2 or 2ndnd most important retrieval handle. most important retrieval handle.
MyLifeBits time overlap
MyLifeBits on-the-fly time clustering
MSR Next Media Team
M Stewart Lifeline v2Mark Stewart’s Lifeline
Copyright Mark Stewart, 2004
190019101920193019401950196019701980199020002010
Chester Bell
Lola Bell
Gordon Bell
Sharon (Smith)
Kirksville, MO
M.I.T.
U. of N.S.W.
Gwen Druyor Bell
Brigham (son)
Fiona Bell
Bridget Bell
Laura (daughter)
Kolbe Schultz
Stryker Schultz
Sheridan Forbes
M.I.T. Speech Lab
Digital (DEC)
CMU
Encore
NSF
Ardent
Bell Ltd.
Microsoft Res.
Computer Museum
F: father
F: mother
F: self
F: Sister
Education
Education
Education
F: spouse
F: son
F: grandChild
F: grandChild
F: daughter
F: grandchild
F: grandchild
F: Significant Other
W/Education
Work
Work
Work
Work
Work
Work
Work
Organization
Using my life bits:Where, an essential attribute
#4: I remember where#4: I remember where
Just essentialJust essential..
Using my life bits: pivoting on data to aid recall
#5: Relationships (links)#5: Relationships (links)
Using something near ‘it”, to find “it”.Using something near ‘it”, to find “it”.
MyLifeBits Entities & Links
AnnotatesAnnotates
Caller in Phone CallCaller in Phone Call
Photo of EventPhoto of Event
TranscludesTranscludes
PhotoFinder - Schneiderman and Kang
Using my life bits:never enough meta-data …
but, can you afford it?b
#6: more meta-data (properties)#6: more meta-data (properties)
I remember something about the contentI remember something about the content
(understanding a person’s work)(understanding a person’s work)
Lederberg Finder page
Dublin core of a given item
Using my life bits:classification of everything
#7: classification#7: classification
Is any gain from non-automated classification Is any gain from non-automated classification worth the cost and pain?worth the cost and pain?
Is traditional classification required?
……at OCLC there was unanimous agreement at OCLC there was unanimous agreement among faculty and participants thatamong faculty and participants that
“access to electronic resources “access to electronic resources requires controlled vocabulary and requires controlled vocabulary and classification”classification”
OCLC Institute, “Knowledge Access Management: Tools OCLC Institute, “Knowledge Access Management: Tools and Concepts for Next Generation Catalogers”, 17-19 and Concepts for Next Generation Catalogers”, 17-19 November 1997, Dublin, Ohio.November 1997, Dublin, Ohio.
““I have watched as hundreds of I have watched as hundreds of millions of dollars have been millions of dollars have been invested to re-invent the wheel - invested to re-invent the wheel - often badly.”often badly.”
-Marcia Bates-Marcia Bates
www.alberteinstein.info
Professional Life:
Organizations
Administrivia
Projects
Library
Lederberg papers official reports
Number of document segments
Lederberg Artifact types Abstracts Agendas not Announcements m; Application forms Articles m Autobiographies m Bibliographies m Biographies m Brochures m Certificates m Correspondence m Diaries m Drafts (documents) Drawings m Electronic images m Essays m Eulogies Excerpts Grant proposals Interviews m Invitations
Laboratory notebooks m Laboratory notes Lecture notes Lectures m Legal documents m Legislative records Lists Manifestoes Memoirs m Minutes Monographs m Narratives Newsletters Newspaper columns m Notebooks m Notes Obituaries Official reports Oral histories m Petitions Photographic prints m
Press releases mProcedures Proceedings mPrograms mProposals mQuestionnaires Reminiscences Reports mResolutions Resumes Reviews mSchool records Speeches mSummaries Tables (documents) Technical reports mTranscripts mTypescripts Video recordings m
Species: Animals: Chordata: Vertebrata: bony fish
Computer structures: digital computer: minicomputer (refined: Digital Equipment Corp.)
Computer structures taxonomy: computers
Classification wish list Download classifications rather than build themDownload classifications rather than build them Definitions & synonyms should help find what I wantDefinitions & synonyms should help find what I want Today it is too expensive to manually classify my Today it is too expensive to manually classify my
scanned paper. E.g. “right time” meta-data is critical!scanned paper. E.g. “right time” meta-data is critical! Next year we hope “the system” can classify papers Next year we hope “the system” can classify papers
and other documents e.g. billsand other documents e.g. bills In 10 years we expect all documents to appear In 10 years we expect all documents to appear
electronically & classified electronically & classified with a little help from mewith a little help from me
Using my life bits:Ontologies…
useful? or fool’s errand?#8: “ontology”???#8: “ontology”???
““Succumbing to the ‘ontology’ fallacy”Succumbing to the ‘ontology’ fallacy”-Bates-Bates
MyLifeBits: Some Lives(t) PersonalPersonal
Parents, children, grandkidsParents, children, grandkids CGB himselfCGB himself GKBGKB SSFSSF Close friendsClose friends
GB $s; Legal entitiesGB $s; Legal entities Personal incl. several legal Personal incl. several legal
structuresstructures Properties: autos, real estate,Properties: autos, real estate, Investments & contractsInvestments & contracts
Past prof. companies/organiz’nsPast prof. companies/organiz’ns DECDEC Carnegie-Mellon U.Carnegie-Mellon U. DEC, NSF, Encore, Ardent, DEC, NSF, Encore, Ardent,
Me Inc., Bell-MasonMe Inc., Bell-Mason
Bell-Mason DirectorBell-Mason Director Diamond & Vanguard Brds.Diamond & Vanguard Brds. Startups & boardsStartups & boards
CGB@ MicrosoftCGB@ Microsoft MLBMLB ClustersClusters TelepresenceTelepresence WWW presenceWWW presence
Computer History MuseumComputer History Museum BOD memberBOD member Fund-raisingFund-raising CyberMuseumCyberMuseum
190019101920193019401950196019701980199020002010
Chester Bell
Lola Bell
Gordon Bell
Sharon (Smith)
Kirksville, MO
M.I.T.
U. of N.S.W.
Gwen Druyor Bell
Brigham (son)
Fiona Bell
Bridget Bell
Laura (daughter)
Kolbe Schultz
Stryker Schultz
Sheridan Forbes
M.I.T. Speech Lab
Digital (DEC)
CMU
Encore
NSF
Ardent
Bell Ltd.
Microsoft Res.
Computer Museum
F: father
F: mother
F: self
F: Sister
Education
Education
Education
F: spouse
F: son
F: grandChild
F: grandChild
F: daughter
F: grandchild
F: grandchild
F: Significant Other
W/Education
Work
Work
Work
Work
Work
Work
Work
Organization
Using my life bits:Providing insight, including…Where did I spend my time? What has been by output?
#9: logging & reports#9: logging & reports
Interface to xls
TV Usage
Using my life bits:Recording everything!
#10: CARPE#10: CARPEContinuous archival recording of Continuous archival recording of
personal experiencespersonal experiences
The A/V/real time data Future: new capture modes/devices
SenseCam
Deja View
Body Media
Quindi
Sensecam &Interactive jewellery
Open Problems
The Agenda for the Tbyte(s), Lifetime, PC:The killer app after office and mail.searching
1.1. Guarantee that data will live forever! “dear appy” problemGuarantee that data will live forever! “dear appy” problem2.2. Cheap, easy, and data-rich (e.g. time, place) capture:Cheap, easy, and data-rich (e.g. time, place) capture:
GPS and time everywhereGPS and time everywherePaper capture has to be as easy as discarding (scanner/shredder)Paper capture has to be as easy as discarding (scanner/shredder)Personal meeting capture...Personal meeting capture...E-book…e-magazines & journals need to have critical mass! E-book…e-magazines & journals need to have critical mass! Telephony and audio capture with indexingTelephony and audio capture with indexingMedia Center compatible for entertainment (photos, video, TV, radio)Media Center compatible for entertainment (photos, video, TV, radio)
3.3. Content analysis (critical for photo & video!); doable for text. Needs doing!Content analysis (critical for photo & video!); doable for text. Needs doing!4.4. Information control: privacy, security, expunge/deniability,… Information control: privacy, security, expunge/deniability,… 5.5. Having to be schizophrenic or have a lobotomy when leaving a “life”Having to be schizophrenic or have a lobotomy when leaving a “life”6.6. One One dbase for everything (articles, books, conversations, ... financial dbase for everything (articles, books, conversations, ... financial
transactions) …vs. long-term use of hierarchical files. transactions) …vs. long-term use of hierarchical files. Is dbase intuitive?Is dbase intuitive?7.7. Annotations/meta-information add every-increasing valueAnnotations/meta-information add every-increasing value
Easy annotation for aiding search and Easy annotation for aiding search and it becomes the contentit becomes the content8.8. Other “killer apps”: Alzheimer, immortality, surrogate memory?Other “killer apps”: Alzheimer, immortality, surrogate memory?9.9. GUI’s to improve use (e.g. time to learn, use, retention)GUI’s to improve use (e.g. time to learn, use, retention)
www.MyLifeBits.com
The “dear appy” problemDear Appy, Dear Appy,
How committed are you?How committed are you?Please come back to me.Please come back to me.Forever yours truly, Forever yours truly, Lost and forgotten dataLost and forgotten data
Who’s responsible?Who’s responsible?Media or 8 track cassette, 8” floppyMedia or 8 track cassette, 8” floppyEvolving platform, file, and databaseEvolving platform, file, and databaseEvolving, incompatible standards & formats for Evolving, incompatible standards & formats for legacy data that disregard ancestorslegacy data that disregard ancestorsEvolving and/or disappearing appsEvolving and/or disappearing apps
A Storocratic Oath
1.1. Do no harm to datesDo no harm to dates(File creation, Photo taken)(File creation, Photo taken)
2.2. Do no harm to device created & Do no harm to device created & other meta-data.other meta-data.
• Camera data & location data are sacred.Camera data & location data are sacred.
3.3. Support & aid the creation of critical meta-Support & aid the creation of critical meta-data. data.
• When/how the user feels like itWhen/how the user feels like it• Auto-magically!Auto-magically!
4.4. Maintain user confidentialityMaintain user confidentiality
The killer app?? Input, File, Classify, and Find…Input, File, Classify, and Find…OperationalOperational
““Stuff I’ve Seen” (e.g. msg, name, paper, fact, Stuff I’ve Seen” (e.g. msg, name, paper, fact, birthday, phone call, photobirthday, phone call, photo
Observe every action…Observe every action…Time & motion (routing, communicating, Time & motion (routing, communicating,
scheduling … thinking)scheduling … thinking)Archival one’s self Archival one’s self
Finder aka Table of Contents aka Site Map Finder aka Table of Contents aka Site Map Story telling. Story telling.
Screen saver & personal ambienceScreen saver & personal ambience
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