power-to-hydrogen infrastructure plans at lut
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Antti Kosonen
Test facility for research and demonstrationPower electronics and controlSystem energy efficiencyOperation with renewable energy systemsHydrogen production, storage, and distribution
Experimental work with lab-scale system (5 kW alkaline + 5 kW PEM)Co-operation with other work packages (WP2, WP4)Verification of simulation modelsOperation in frequency control
Part of small scale power-to-gas systemCan be connected to a possible methanation plant
First step to industrial size power-to-gas demonstrationEU H2020 demo-project call March 2015
Aim of power-to-hydrogen laboratory system at LUT
10.2.20162
Antti Kosonen
E-to-Gas examples
10.2.20163
Fig. Refueling station in Nottingham university.
Fig. One 2 MW electrolyser in Audi plant. Fig. Demo plant for power-to-liquids in Sunfire.
Antti Kosonen
SystemProduction processCompressionStorageDispenser (filling station)
Hydrogen fueling station with 200 kW solar power, example from USA
10.2.20164
Source: H. Nava et al., Hydrogen home fueling station, Test report, California State University Los Angeles, 2011.
Antti Kosonen
SystemProduction processCompressionStorageDispenser
Hydrogen fueling station with 200 kW solar power, example from USA
10.2.20165
Source: H. Nava et al., Hydrogen home fueling station, Test report, California State University Los Angeles, 2011.
Company Avalence
Rated input power 4 × 26 kWRated hydrogen output
4 × 10.0 kg/day
Typical AC voltage 480 VWater usage 4.5 l/hMaximum delivery pressure
Up to 175 bar
Treated gas purity 99.99%Acceptable duty cycle 0–100% (24/7)
ElectrolyteWater with 28%KOH by weigth
Weight 3700 kg
Dim. ( × × )2591 × 1372 × 3200 mm
Electrolyser Hydrofiller 175
Water purificationHydrogen
purification
Antti Kosonen
SystemProduction processCompressionStorageDispenser
Hydrogen fueling station with 200 kW solar power, example from USA
10.2.20166
Source: H. Nava et al., Hydrogen home fueling station, Test report, California State University Los Angeles, 2011.
Company Hydropac
Compressor C06-05-5200LX-H2Rated motor power 3.7 kWDischarge pressure 414 barRange of inlet pressure 55–414 barCapacity with H2 at min. inlet
5.8 scfm
Capacity with H2 at max. inlet
52 scfm
Antti Kosonen
SystemProduction processCompressionStorageDispenser
Hydrogen fueling station with 200 kW solar power, example from USA
10.2.20167
Source: H. Nava et al., Hydrogen home fueling station, Test report, California State University Los Angeles, 2011.
Company StructuralComposites
Storage tank SCI Model ALT 1015Working pressure 7500 psi (517 bar)Minimum burst pressure 25500 psi (1758 bar)Empty weight 516 lbs (234 kg)Operating temperature range
60 °F to 140 °F
Dimensions ( × ) 3048 × 457 mm
Antti Kosonen
SystemProduction processCompressionStorageDispenser (filling station)
Hydrogen fueling station with 200 kW solar power, example from USA
10.2.20168
Source: H. Nava et al., Hydrogen home fueling station, Test report, California State University Los Angeles, 2011.
Company FTI
Configuration High profile cabinetFilling pressure 350 barMaximum working pressure
447 bar
Maximum flow rate Up to 20 kg/minOperating temperature range
4 °F to 160 °F
Electrical requirements 120 Vac, 60 Hz, 3 AWeight 295 kg
Dimensions ( × × )838 × 559 × 2337 mm
Antti Kosonen
Main specificationsEverything inside a containerFrom tap water to hydrogen storageAll-in as far as possibleSafety issues guaranteed by the manufacturerCommercial devices (CE marked?)Minimized designing time
External controllability of electrolyserDC power supplyDynamics, response time, etc.
MeasurementsLabVIEW systemVoltage, current, and powerFlow measurement (water, hydrogen, oxygen)TemperaturesPressure
Hydrogen production laboratory system to LUT
10.2.20169
Table Water conductivity. ISO 3696.
Conductivity (mS/m)
Water Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3
Deionized 0.010 0.100 0.500
Tap 5 50
Sea 5000
Fig. What kind of room required?
Antti Kosonen
1) Find the most suitable devices to LUT, Dec. 2014 and Jan. 20152) Face-to-face discussions with the manufacturer, Jan. 20153) Detailed system specification, Jan. and Feb. 2015
• What things are possible to be included into the laboratory system?4) Competitive tendering based on the open procedure (Finnish law 348/2007), Feb. and
Mar. 20155) Laboratory system is ready, Xxx. 2015
• Two months for competitive tendering procedure• Delivering time depends on the manufacturer• Goal: summer 2015
Schedule for laboratory investment
10.2.201610
Antti Kosonen
Various pricesNo mass production because of marketsNot much competitionPrices are not comparable (different contents)
Solar PV vs. hydrogen production systemBuilding a system from componentsElectrical safety vs. hydrogen safetyMany employees can do electrical installations
Prices according to literature1
AE: 1.00 1.20 eur/WPEM: 1.86 2.32 eur/W
Prices according to offersAE: 3.46 15 eur/WPEM: 11.94 18.43 eur/W
Prices for electrolysers
10.2.201611
Fig. Panel prices according to cumulativeproduction volume.
Source: 1L. Bertuccioli et al., Study on develompment of water electrolysis in the EU, Final report in Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking, Feb. 2014.
Antti Kosonen
FactsPower: 5.49 kWProduction: 0.83 Nm3/h (>99.5%H2)Pressure: 1.6 barWater: 0.55 l/h (<x S/m)Price: 19000 eur
IncludeElectronic control with numerical displayWarning signal for water supply tankNetwork isolation transformer
Alkaline 1Idroenergy, Italy
10.2.201612
Fig. Dimensions: 850x550x1100, weight 290kg.
Antti Kosonen
FactsPower: 5 kWProduction: x.xx Nm3/h (>xx.xxx%H2)Pressure: >10 barWater: x.x l/h (<x S/m)Price: 75000 100000 eur
NotesCan offer wide variety of full systems
• Hydrogen production• Hydrogen purification/extraction• Hydrogen compression
Electrolysers• High pressure: 6 60 bar• Capacity: 1 1500 Nm3/h• Purity: 99.5%, 99.9%, 99.999%, 99.9999%• Optional oxygen delivery
Alkaline 2Ener Blue, Switzerland
10.2.201613
Fig. Complete energy system (Turkey). Production 10 Nm3/h @ 30 bar. Storage @ 200 bar.
Antti Kosonen
FactsPower: 6 kWProduction: 1.22 Nm3/h (>99.5%H2)Pressure: 15 barWater: <1 l/h (5 50 mS/m)Price: 57141 £
IncludeWater purification systemHPac20 electrolyserFully controllable power supply (AC/DC)Siemens S7 1200 PLC, Ext. Ethernet TCP/IPThermal management (frost and heat)Leak detection and appropriate safety features
OptionsHydrogen dryer (>99.99%H2), +15000 £Hydrogen storage tank (3500 l / 15 bar) +9000 £
PEM 1ITM Power, UK
10.2.201614
Fig. Electrolyser, HPac. CE marked. Deliveringtime 16 weeks (exc. shipping)
Antti Kosonen
FactsPower: 6.7 kWProduction: 1 Nm3/h (>99.998%H2)Pressure: 0 7.9 barWater: ~1 l/h (<100 S/m)Price: 80000 eur
IncludeHyLYZER 1 electrolyserControl interface and HMIHydrogen purification system
OptionsWater purification systemRemote monitoring package (Ethernet)Storage tankWater treatment system
PEM 2Hodrogenics, Canada
10.2.201615
Fig. HyLYZER 1. Weight 250 kg.
Antti Kosonen
FactsPower: 3.34 kWProduction: 0.53 Nm3/h (>99.9995 %H2)Pressure: 13.8 barWater: 0.5 l/h (<10 S/m)Price: 61566 eur
IncludePower supply/conditionerHOGEN hydrogen generatorHydrogen gas dryerHeat exchangerControl system for automatic operationRemote diagnostics and logging software
OptionsWater purification (<10 S/m), +4500 eur
PEM 3Diamond Lite S.A. (Proton OnSite Europe), Switzerland
10.2.201616
Fig. Hogen 20.
Antti Kosonen
AlkalineMcPhy Energy SAPIEL, ItalySagim, France
PEMGiner, USAIRD, DenmarkVerde LLC, USA
No offer at this point
10.2.201617
Fig. 5.5 kW PEM electrolyser from IRD.
Antti Kosonen
AlkalineHydrogenics, Canada, Power >40 kWLinde, Germany, only smaller system availableHeliocentris, Germany, only smaller system availableNEL Hydrogen, Norway, Power >250 kW
PEMLinde, Germany, only smaller system availableSiemens, Germany, only for industrial-scale applicationsTeledyne Energy Systems, USA, Power >40 kW
No suitable devices for this project
10.2.201618
Antti Kosonen
Priority 1Container laboratoryWater purificationElectrolyser (PEM or/and alkaline)Hydrogen free to air or flaming
Priority 2Hydrogen storage
Priority 3Hydrogen purificationDispenser unit
Priority 4Real off-grid test setup10 kW solar panelsPossible battery bank
LUT power-to-hydrogen laboratory system
10.2.201619
Real time solar data available
Publication: A. Kosonen et al., On- and Off-Grid Laboratory Test Setup for Hydrogen Production with Solar Energy in Nordic Conditions, to be published in Proc. 17th European Conf. on Power Electronics and Applications, 2015.
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