power electronics keynote - opal-rt · power electronics power electronics, one of the biggest...

Christophe Brayet, Eng. PMP.

Product Director OPAL-RT Technologies

Power Electronics Keynote

Power Electronics Power Electronics, one of the biggest economic drivers of our decade

Key Factor across the Power systems, industrial automation, automotive and aerospace engineering industries

New power semiconductor, higher frequency, higher bandwidth Smarter and more efficient Control Algorithms

Real-time simulation demand

Rapid adoption of new power semiconductors technology Market growth, new opportunities, more than 40 billion by 2022

OPAL-RT, state-of-the-art real-time power electronics simulation

Market Trends in Power Electronic

Dr. Ben Black

Principal Development Manager – National Instruments

Lecturer – The University of Texas at Austin

Growing Grid Complexity

Traditional Generation

Solar Generation

Wind Generation

Grid Storage

Industrial Consumer

Commercial Consumer with Generation & Storage

Commercial Consumer

Residential Consumer with Generation & Storage

ELECTRIC MOTOR

INVERTER

ECU

BATTERYENGINE

CHINAby 2020

5 Million Zero-Emission Vehicles On The Road

Only Zero-Emission Passenger Vehicles will Be ProducedGERMANYin 2030

UK to Ban Petrol and Diesel Cars – Going All ElectricUNITED KINGDOMby 2040

Shifted Power Demands

Battery Technology Faster charging times, longer life, greater energy density

Flexibility to adapt to demand and generationUtility

Infrastructure

Higher power, faster switching times, lower lossesSwitching

Technology

Growth Areas

Lower latency, determinism, securityCommunication

Architecture

Generic Power Electronics System

GRID

DC

DC

AC

Motor/Generator

AC

Inverter/Converter/DrivePower System

Control System

Transformer Converter/Rectifier Inverter/Drive

Battery Stack,Solar Array

DCDC Management

System

Real-Time Power Simulation(Cracked ECU or Full Power Simulator)

Physical Control Board

With this HIL testbed, developers gain access to a risk-free test platform. We are going to be able to deliver better quality products thanks to the

regression-capable robust tests that we undertake. Similarly, the system will allow us to reduce the development and validation times.

- Thierry Rhomer, SOCOMEC SA

OPAL-RT – NI Partner for Power

eHS

Jérôme Rivest, Eng. Jr., M.Sc.jerome.rivest@opal-rt.comPower Electronic SpecialistOPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES

Evolution of Power Semiconductor Technologies

Topic New levels of performance are now achievable with emerging

semiconductor technologies

This presentation aims at giving an overview of this evolution and the challenges/opportunities it brings to Real-time Simulation

Purpose of power switchesIn power electronic, semiconductor switches are used to reconfigure dynamically a power circuit in order to achieve a power conversion and/or galvanic isolation

Vcc applied to load Freewheeling state

In simulation

Switch Open: V = Vcc, I = 0 (Psw = 0 W)

Switch Closed: V = 0 V, I = IL (Psw = 0 W)

The ideal switch model is often used to simplify the analysis:

In the lab

Practical Hard Switching Ton

However, this is different in practice…

Vds

Id

Psw is not 0!

A more accurate MOSFET model

Hard Switching vs Soft Switching

Hard Switching Ton ZVS Ton

Soft Switching helps to reduce the switching losses by achieving Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) or Zero Current Switching (ZCS)

ZCS is well suited to reduce the tail current losses of IGBT transistor

ZVS reduces the impact of the body diode recovery in MOSFET based converter (reducing losses an EMI)

Higher switching frequency can be achieved in both cases with standard silicon devices

The silicon based duo

MOSFET

Majority carrier device

Voltage controlled

Fast switching

Best choice in LV High frequency application

IGBT

Minority carrier device

Voltage controlled

High voltage blocking capability

Best choice in HV Low frequency, high power application

Field of applications

Frequency

Vo

ltag

e

MOSFET

IGBT

DCDC, UPS, PFC

Industrial Motor drive, Rail traction, MMC cells

Arrival of the SiC and GaN devices

Lower parasitic enabling faster switching time

Higher operation temperature

Lower RdsON for higher blocking voltage capability

Higher switching frequency can be achieved in both Hard Switching and Soft Switching applications

GaN Fet from GaN Systems inc.

We are getting closer to an ideal switch:

Field of applications

Frequency

Vo

ltag

e

MOSFET

IGBT

WBG device(SiC, GaN)

Fit to replace both IGBTor MOSFET in several

high performance application

Targeting new density levels

Source: Toyota

The higher switching frequency and the higher operation temperature help to increase power density

Few challenges Passive elements must be adapted to follow switching frequency and temperature

requirement

Higher dV/dt are applied on gate driving circuit

New package for power devices and new PCB design rules must be used to minimize gate drive parasitics

Faster control loops that must be integrated on limited embedded controller (RT simulation can help here!)

For Opal-RT Keep the pace with the increasing switching frequency

Silicon based multilevel and multicell topologies imply higher circuit complexity

Integrate switching losses and thermal models to real-time simulation

Keep track with the new possibilities (e.g. class-D amplifier for PHIL)

Power Electronic Control Networks

RT17, Montreal, Canada

September 5-8, 2017

J. Van den Keybus, CTO

26

Control Network Technology

Controlsoftware

Powerelectronic

circuitinterface

Application interfacesoftware

Field busnetwork stack

Field businterface

Software on MCU / DSP● Single node

27

● Multiple nodes in a converter system

C

API

N

C

API

N

C

API

N

Software on PLC

Application software

Field bus network stackField businterface

API

Control Network Technology

28

● Multiple nodes in a converter system

API

N

APP

C

API

N

C

API

N

C

API

N

Control Network Technology

29

N

● Multiple nodes in a converter system

N

N

N

APP

API

C

API

API

C

API

C

Control Network Technology

30

● Simplified system architecture

N

APP

N

N

N

C C C

Practical implementation

Control Network Technology

31

● Measurement nodes

N

APP

N

N

C C C

N

N

N

Control Network Technology

32

● Software development advantages● Easy software version management

● Re-usable software components

● System-wide code generation

Control Network Technology

● System architecture advantages

● Integration in networks (IoT)

● Flexible component layout

● Component ID and diagnosis

33

● System architecture challenges: microprocessors

● Moore’s Law

● Single thread performance

● Core clock rate

● Multiple cores

● Latency !

Source: K. Rupp

Control Network Technology

34

● System architecture challenges: network● Peripheral interconnect

● Speed likely to increase in the next decade

Source: Ethernet Alliance

Control Network Technology

35

● Triphase closed loop control network● Fast control (20 kHz)

● Increased rate with additional delay cycle (30 kHz)

● Local Application Specific Processors (ASPs)

NN

ASP N

Control Network Technology

36

● Triphase XC network technology

● Layer 1: multiple PHY (Cu, POF, SFP)

→ cost, EMI immunity and performance tradeoff

● Layer 2: common DLL

→ development efficiency

● Triphase XC network topology

● Trees and rings

→ flexibility and performance

Control Network Technology

37

Type Turnkey solutions Components

Range PM-X systems PM-SIC systems DPS FC4

General purpose converter systems

High-performanceconverter systems

Power system components

PCB mounted components

Power up to 2 MVA up to 100 kVA up to 360 kVA

Isol. Cat. III 1000V, Cat. IV 600V Cat. III 600V

Tech. Custom configuredIGBT (using DPS)

Custom configuredSiC MOSFET

- OEM IGBT drives- C/V transducers- Sensor transducers- Contactor control

- (Isolated) DIO- (Isolated) AI

LC(L) filter1..2 kHz

LC(L) filter5 kHz / 20 kHz

Appl. - Grid emulation- HIL tests- Microgrids- Mechanical tests- Battery tests

- Grid emulation- HIL tests

- Custom power converters- Data acquisition systems

- Custom power converters- Development prototypes- Production systems

Opal-RTinterface

250 Mb/s POFAsynchronous

2 Gb/s Aurora SFPSynchronous100..200 ks/s

250 Mb/s Triphase POFSynchronous

250 Mb/s Triphase POFSynchronous

Network

Triphase XC (16 Mb/s, 250 Mb/s, 2 Gb/s)

Platform

Triphase RT

Products

38

● Contact

Triphase NVRomeinse straat 18B-3001 HeverleeBELGIUM

T: +32 2 669.06.00E: info@triphase.com

www.triphase.com

After HIL and PHIL, User-In-the-Loop is the new trend

Danielle S. Nasrallah, P. Eng., Ph.D.

Technical Lead in Power Electronics & Advanced Control

Studies, Modeling and Specialized Tests

OPAL-RT Technologies

Collaborative Projects: Universities & OPAL-RT

Real-time Simulation Laboratories IGEE & Laval University

High-Fidelity Power Motor Emulator Concordia University

Skills & Learning Outcomes

Test-BenchOffline

SimulationRTS

& HIL

Hardware

Modeling

Measurements

Versatility

Real-Scaling

Material Damages

Remote Access

Interaction

Real-Time Simulation TopicsTopics Packages

Power Electronics

DC-DC: Buck, Boost & Buck-Boost Choppers

AC-DC: Single- & Three-phase Rectifiers

DC-AC: Three-phase Inverters

DC-AC / AC-DC: Three-Phase Three-Level NPC

Electric Machines

Synchronous : Parameters Identification, Motor operation

Synchronous: Generator with grid or passive loads

Induction : Parameters identification, Transformer, Freq. Conv.

Induction: V/F Motor Drive

Power Systems

Phasor Analysis: Power flow, Swing Equation, Stabilization

Time-domain Analysis: Power flow, Swing Eq., Stabilization

High-Fidelity Power Motor Emulator