potential of selected subtropical and tropical fruits for...
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Potential of selected subtropical and tropical fruits for Florida
Jonathan H. Crane, Tropical Fruit Crops SpecialistUniversity of Florida, IFAS
Tropical Research and Education CenterHomestead, FL 33031
Citrus Expo 2018
Key factors for tropical and subtropical fruit production
• Tropical: warm to hot temperatures year-round for most crops • Subtropical: may require or benefit from cold non-freezing temperatures• Site selection: none to infrequent freezing temperatures is best
• Micro-climates• Nearness to water• Cold protection possibilities – protected agriculture
• Well drained soils and/or well formed beds and drainage system• Tree size management to minimize tropical storm or hurricane damage
• Preparedness for hurricanes• Preparedness for flooding and/or continuous saturated soil conditions
Common name Temperature (F°) Common name Temperature (F°)
Atemoya/sugar apple M, 28-29/32; Y, 30/32 Mamey sapote M, 28; Y, <32
Avocado* W, 25-30; G, 25-28; M, 18-26
Mango M, 25; Y, 29-30
Banana <28 Olive ~12 (28 fruit)
Canistel M, 23; Y, 29 Papaya <30
Carambola M, 26-28; Y, 27-32 Passion fruit <32
Guava M, 25-26; Y 27-28 Pitaya ~31?
Jackfruit <32 Pomegranate ~10-15
Jujube (Chinese/Indian) -28 to 10 Sapodilla M, 26; Y 30-32
Kumquat <18 Spondias <30
Longan M, 24-28; Y, 28-30 Tamarind ~24
Loquat Dormant 10, fruit <27-28 Wax jambu <32
Lychee M, 24-25; Y, 28-32 White sapote M, 24; Y, 26
*W=West Indian; G=Guatemalan race; M=Mexican race; M=mature; Y=young
Cold temperature tolerance – the temperature at which damage or death may occur
Genetics Site selection Preparation Phenology
Avocado (Guatemalan, Mexican and GxM hybrids)Attributes• Some cultivars tolerate temperatures down to mid-
20s• May be pruned to maintain small stature, <15 ft tall• Good market demand (consumption increasing)Issues• Freeze damage• Must be grown in well-drained soil (phytophthora
root rot)• Laurel wilt an insect-disease complex that kills trees
• Race/cultivar differences• Ambrosia beetle vectors• Tree size, root grafting, effect of light regime
‘Carmen Hass’
~6,400 acres
Phytophthora root rot and laurel wilt
Laurel Wilt Phytophthora root rot
Lychee (Litchi chinensis)Attributes• Cold tolerance to ~24-25°F• Excellent fruit• Numerous cultivars and
potential niche marketsIssues• Unreliable cropping• Some insect and disease
problems• Lychee erinose mite
• Off-shore competition
‘Anne Wong’ ‘Emperor’
‘Mauritius’ ‘Hak Ip’
~700 acres
Longan (Dimocarpus longan)
Attributes• Cold tolerance to 26-28°F• Off-season fruit production possible• A number of cultivars to choose
from – potential nichesProblems• Unreliable “natural” cropping
• However, may be induced to flower
• Some insect pests• Off-shore competition is increasing
‘Kohala’
~1,368 acres
Mango (Mangifera indica)Attributes• Large number of cultivars• Diverse niche market (increasing)• Cold tolerance to 25-30°FIssues• Potential freeze – damage, death• Fruit disease issues
• Anthracnose• Bacterial black spot
• Off-shore competition
‘Southern Blush’
~1,351 acres
Pitaya (Hylocereus udatus and others)Attributes• Can be an excellent fruit• Numerous cultivarsIssues• Needs trellis system• Some pollination issues• Some disease and insect problems• Off-shore competition increasing• Relatively new – so new issues may
emerge
~721 acres
Guava (Psidium guajava)Attributes• Tolerates to ~25-26°F• Numerous cultivars for specialty
markets (green-hard, green-soft, ripe, pink/white)
• Tree easily kept small• Long harvest seasonIssues• Caribbean fruit fly• Some potential insect and disease
problems• Considered invasive in some areas• May be labor intensive
• Bagging• Constant spraying
‘Homestead’ (Ruby x Supreme)
~714 acres
Jujube (Indian – Zyzyphus mauritiana/Chinese – Z. jujube)
Attributes• Cold tolerance to 10 °F (Indian)/-
28°F (Chinese)• October to mid-March• A number of cultivars to choose
from – potential nichesProblems• Fruit splitting/cracking• Minor market• No major insect or disease issues
at present
Finger limes (Microcitrus australiasica)
Attributes• Very new niche market, novel• Tolerant to HLB (citrus greening)• Trees can be kept smallIssues• Site selection
• Freeze sensitive• Wind protection
• Thorny• Peel is delicate (scarring)• Limited marketSingh, A. et al., 2017. Finger lime..http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fe1033
Protected agriculture
Carambola Papaya
‘Arkin’
‘Red Lady’
Carambola (Averrhoa carambola)Attributes• Numerous cultivars• Easy to control tree size• Off-season flowering/fruiting potential• Seedless to near-seedless fruit possibleIssues• Florida competitors• Limited fresh market• Wind sensitive• Needs air and soil temperatures ≥68°F• Some mite problems in-doors
‘Bell’
‘Arkin’
‘Lara’
~150 acres
‘B-10’‘Arkin’ ‘B-17’
‘Fwang Tung’ ‘Kary’ ‘Kajang’
Wind-protected carambola culture (with/without roof) - limited temperature control
Papaya (Carica papaya)
Attributes• Numerous cultivars• Easy to control tree size• Potential year-round productionIssues• Temperature and light• Some insect issues• Some disease issues• Competition
~356 acres
CREC Dr. Arnold Schumann
Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix)
Attributes• Very niche market for leaves and fruit in
cooking• Non-vigorous shrubby plantProblems• Susceptible to citrus canker and citrus
greening• Some insect problems
Further informationUniversity of Florida/IFAS• On-line publications, EDIShttp://edis.ifas.ufl.edu• FruitScapes, an on-line website dedicated to fruit growing in
the home landscapehttp://trec.ifas.ufl.edu/fruitscapes/
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