postwar to 1960: domestic affairs

Postwar to 1960:Domestic AffairsToday’s episode:Three Events Get the Civil Rights Ball RollingLT 5: Voices of Dissent

Question Answer Relationship Strategy (QAR)

A way to help people realize that the answers they seek are related to the type of question being asked.Encourages people to base the way they search for answers on the type of question being asked. Emphasizes understanding where the answer will come from.

Question-Answer Relationships (QAR)

Four types of questionsIn the text

1. Right there2. Pulling it together

3.Author and Me

In your mind

4. On My Own

Four types of questions In the text In your mind

∙ Right there ∙ Author and me ∙ On my ownAnswer’s in one spot Answer requires text and Can answer

w/out the

background info text, but text will

∙ Pulling it together impact answerAnswer’s in multiple spots

RIGHT THERE-Reread-Scan

-Look for key words

PULLING IT TOGETHER

-Skim or reread-Look for important

info-Summarize

AUTHOR AND ME-Reread

-Think about what you already know

and what the author says

ON MY OWN-Think about what you already know-Think about what you’ve read before-Make connections

What should you do for

each type of question?

DiscussWould you face harassment and violence to go to a much better school? Explain your answer.

For discussion…How much interaction is there between races in Quakertown? In Quakertown High School?

Fact: in Pennsylvania, segregation in public schools was declared illegal in 1881When was it declared illegal on a national level?

Race RefresherJim Crow laws – state laws that legalized segregation in the SouthSegregation – separate but equal public facilities (things that serve a particular function, e.g. schools, bathrooms, etc.)

Why the civil rights movement starts growing

after WWII1. Good postwar economy and new wealth means: economic progress for blacks doesn’t have to mean less $ for whites, so…

2. Large # of blacks move north leading them to: gain political power (why?) to push politicians for desegregation in the South

3. America’s emphasis on importance of freedom during Cold War: goes against segregation• Racism could lead Africa and

Asia to support Soviets instead, so…

Three events will start the civil rights movement…

Guided reading activity

TV also propels the civil rights movement

[In the 1950s and 1960s] "the race problem entered their living rooms.  Tens of millions nightly watched the drama of the Negro Revolution.  The growing majority of Americans favoring racial equality and justice had those sentiments reinforced by TV shots of snarling dogs attacking black demonstrators, rowdy white hoods molesting young blacks patiently waiting to be served at a lunch counter, and hate-filled white faces in a frenzy because of the [nerve] of little black children entering a previously all-white school”Howard Sitkoff, "The Preconditions for Racial Change"

Postwar to 1960:Domestic AffairsToday’s episode:Civil Rights BeginsLT 5: Voices of Dissent

Warm-Up: Discuss Using Notes

1. Define Jim Crow laws and segregation2. Explain how each of the following

help to get the civil rights movement going:1. The postwar economy and

increasing wealth2. Movement of blacks to the north3. The Cold War

civil rightsContinue the guided reading handout

RIGHT THERE-Reread-Scan

-Look for key words

PULLING IT TOGETHER

-Skim or reread-Look for important

info-Summarize

AUTHOR AND ME-Reread

-Think about what you already know

and what the author says

ON MY OWN-Think about what you already know-Think about what you’ve read before-Make connections

What should you do for

each type of question?

After you finish the handout

Using pp. 611-615 of your textbook, create newspaper headlines summarizing what’s happening with each of the following groups after WWII:

HispanicsAsiansAmerican IndiansThe rural poorUrban communities

Warm-UpUsing your notes, alternate explaining the three reasons the civil rights movement starts growing after WWII with the person next to you.

Each person should explain each reason oncePerson 1 explains: #1 #3 #2Person 2 explains: #2 #1 #3

If one person doesn’t know how to explain a reason, then the partner should help

Why the civil rights movement starts

growing after WWII1. Good postwar economy and new wealth means economic progress for blacks doesn’t have to mean less $ for whites, so:

2. Large # of blacks move north leading them to gain political power to push politicians for desegregation in the South

3. America’s emphasis on importance of freedom during Cold War goes against segregation• Racism could lead Africa and Asia to

support Soviets instead, so:

Postwar to 1960:Domestic AffairsToday’s episode:Civil Rights BeginsLT 5: Voices of Dissent

Pleasantville paper due tomorrowTyped, double-spaced

Warm-Up: Discuss WITHOUT Your NotesDefine Jim Crow laws and segregationExplain how each of the following helps the civil rights movement

Postwar economyBlacks moving northCold War

Big Ideas for the Civil Rights Unit

When faced with seemingly irreconcilable conflict within a group, should parties choose to separate or commit to working towards peaceful coexistence? 

Reconcile: to settleIrreconcilable: cannot be settled (divorce citing irreconcilable differences)

What is a more effective way of achieving social change in society: nonviolent action or showing willingness to use violence?

Brown v. Board of Education1. Pulling it together: When was the ruling of

Brown v. Board of Education given and what did it do?May 17, 1954; declared racial segregation illegal in public schools

2. Author and me: Use the context to explain what the authors mean when they say African Americans were skeptical about Brown because for them there has been a “difference between the law in books and the law in action”?Af-Ams doubted Brown would have impact because laws aren’t always followed

Showdown in Little Rock

3. Pulling it together: How did the Brown decision affect school desegregation in the South?Desegregation moved slowly. By end of 1956-57 school year, vast [great] majority of southern school systems remain segregated

Percent of black students attending integrated

(desegregated) schools in the South

1954 - Brown

decision

1968 19730

102030405060708090

100

0 6

90

Showdown in Little Rock4. Pulling it together: Who are the

Little Rock Nine? The nine African American students admitted to all-white Central High in Little Rock, Arkansas, September 1957

Little Rock Nine are like the Jackie Robinson of Southern public schools

Showdown in Little Rock5. Pulling-it-together: What events led up to the Little Rock

Nine being able to enter their school?Governor Faubus: orders Arkansas National Guard to keep them out to protect the school. Faubus removes Nat’l Guard under court order leading to white mob riot. Pres. Eisenhower: sends 1,000 federal troops to protect the 9How long were the students prevented from entering the school? 3 weeks

6. Right there: After the first school year, what did Governor Faubus do to resist desegregation?Closed all Little Rock public schools, creates all-white private school system

Little Rock Nine(3:42)

President Eisenhower Upholds the Brown Decision – Why?

“At a time when we face grave situations abroad because of the hatred that communism bears toward a system of government based on human rights, it would be difficult to exaggerate the harm that is being done to the prestige and influence, and indeed to the safety, of our nation and the world.Our enemies are gloating over this incident and using it everywhere to misrepresent our whole nation. We are portrayed as a violator of those standards of conduct which the peoples of the world united to proclaim in the Charter of the United Nations. There they affirmed ‘faith in fundamental human rights’ and ‘in the dignity and worth of the human person’ and they did so ‘without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion.’[If resistance to the Brown decision ends]…Thus will be restored the image of America and of all its parts as one nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.”

Little Rock 9 Today

my public school education was my primary exposure to a desegregated community. in school we all hung out together: blacks, whites, hispanic, asian. of course, segregation within the school still exists. you hang out with people from your neighborhood primarily. and neighborhoods of little rock are segregated. but public school was that one opportunity for many (like myself) to spend time with kids from another part of town.i think the most important lesson to be drawn from today's situation is that public school is one of the few ways in which the many social classes of little rock interact. not only do whites, blacks, and others intermingle in school, but the very act of going to this part of little rock is an act of crossing invisible borders for many.

The Montgomery Bus Boycott

boycott: stop buying or using something as a way of forcing change

Describe a situation where YOU might choose to boycott something and explain why to the person closest to you

The Montgomery Bus Boycott7. Right there: In addition to fighting

segregation in schools, what did the NAACP seek to do?The practice of forcing African American citizens to ride in back of city buses

8. Right there: How did Rosa Parks give the NAACP its opportunity on December 1, 1955?Refused to give up bus seat to white passenger and was arrested

The Montgomery Bus Boycott

The Montgomery Bus Boycott9. Pulling it together: What happened in

response to Parks’s arrest and conviction?Many of the 50,000 Af-Ams boycotted the bus system in protest

10.Pulling it together: Who was the spokesperson of the boycott and how did he urge the black community to respond to the white protesters trying to break the boycott?Martin Luther King, Jr.; non-violence

The Montgomery Bus Boycott11. Pulling-it-together: How and when did the

boycott come to an end?Supreme Court declared Montgomery and Alabama segregation laws unconstitutional in November 1956.

12. Author and me: What did the Montgomery victory do? What impact do you think this might have on the civil rights movement?Marked a blow to racial discrimination and the fear of standing up to people in positions of power

13. Author and me: Why is the Civil Rights Act of 1957 important?Made it a federal crime to prevent qualified persons from voting

The Montgomery Bus Boycott(4:58)

Closure1. Rank these three events in

order of importance to the civil rights movement.

1. Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

2. Little Rock Nine (1957)3. Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-

56)2. In groups of four, discuss and

agree on a ranking for the entire group.

Three events will start the civil rights movement…

Postwar to 1960:Domestic AffairsToday’s episode:Three Events to Start the MovementLT 5: Voices of Dissent

SMART Board warm-up

The Montgomery Bus Boycott(4:58)

Closure1. Rank these events in order of

importance to the civil rights movement.

2. In groups of four, discuss and agree on a ranking for the entire group.

Three events will start the civil rights movement…