positions in the clinical laboratory
Post on 03-Jun-2015
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What is the What is the Clinical/Anatomical Clinical/Anatomical
Laboratory Profession?Laboratory Profession?
Sponsored bySponsored by
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IMPACTIMPACT 70-80% of medical decisions are based on laboratory results.70-80% of medical decisions are based on laboratory results. Laboratory tests are extremely valuable. Laboratory tests are extremely valuable. Modern medicine could not function without lab tests.Modern medicine could not function without lab tests. Demand for laboratory professionals will exceed supply in the near Demand for laboratory professionals will exceed supply in the near
future.future.
Positions in the LaboratoryPositions in the Laboratory Clinical Pathology:Clinical Pathology: tests tests
patient samples blood, urine, and body patient samples blood, urine, and body fluids.fluids.
ProfessionalsProfessionals::• Medical TechnologistsMedical Technologists
Also known as Clinical Also known as Clinical Laboratory Scientist (CLS).Laboratory Scientist (CLS).
Four year Bachelor of Science Four year Bachelor of Science DegreeDegree
• TechniciansTechnicians Also known as Clinical Also known as Clinical
Laboratory Technician (CLT)Laboratory Technician (CLT) Two year Associate DegreeTwo year Associate Degree
Anatomic PathologyAnatomic Pathology:: tests tests tissue samples and human cells on tissue samples and human cells on slides.slides.
ProfessionalsProfessionals::• CytotechnologistsCytotechnologists
Works closely with Works closely with PathologistPathologist
Separate education and Separate education and training from Medical training from Medical Technologist Technologist
• HistotechnologistsHistotechnologists Prepares thin sections to be Prepares thin sections to be
examined by Pathologistexamined by Pathologist• Pathologists’ AssistantsPathologists’ Assistants
Interacts with a Pathologist Interacts with a Pathologist like a Physicians’ Assistant.like a Physicians’ Assistant.
Separate Bachelor’s degree Separate Bachelor’s degree or Master’s degree programs.or Master’s degree programs.
SalariesSalaries
Medical Technologist Median Average Wage: Medical Technologist Median Average Wage: $59,571 per year or $28.64 per hour $59,571 per year or $28.64 per hour
Medical Lab Technicians Median Average Wage: Medical Lab Technicians Median Average Wage: $42,973 per year or $20.66 per hour$42,973 per year or $20.66 per hour
Cytotechnologist Median Average Wage: $64,771 Cytotechnologist Median Average Wage: $64,771 per year or $31.14 per hourper year or $31.14 per hour
Histotechnologist Median Average Wage:$51,542 Histotechnologist Median Average Wage:$51,542 per year or $24.78 per hourper year or $24.78 per hour
Phlebotomist Median Average Wage: $30,202 per Phlebotomist Median Average Wage: $30,202 per year or $14.52 per houryear or $14.52 per hour
Laboratory StructureLaboratory Structure
Clinical Departments: Clinical Departments: • Hematology, Chemistry, Blood Bank, Hematology, Chemistry, Blood Bank,
Microbiology, ImmunologyMicrobiology, Immunology Anatomical Departments:Anatomical Departments:
• Cytology, HistologyCytology, Histology SupervisorSupervisor ManagerManager AdministratorAdministrator
Work EnvironmentsWork Environments Hospitals LaboratoriesHospitals Laboratories Physician Office LaboratoriesPhysician Office Laboratories Independent or Reference Independent or Reference
LaboratoriesLaboratories Public Health LaboratoriesPublic Health Laboratories Pharmaceutical CompaniesPharmaceutical Companies Fertility ClinicsFertility Clinics Veterinary LaboratoryVeterinary Laboratory Educational Program DirectorEducational Program Director Research/ Clinical TrialsResearch/ Clinical Trials Product DevelopmentProduct Development Sales and Marketing/ConsultingSales and Marketing/Consulting GeneticsGenetics Information TechnologyInformation Technology Multi-departmental Multi-departmental
Manager/Hospital AdministrationManager/Hospital Administration Medical Informatics Medical Informatics Forensic LaboratoriesForensic Laboratories
Areas of StudyAreas of Study Clinical LabClinical Lab
• MicrobiologyMicrobiology• ImmunohematologyImmunohematology• Clinical ChemistryClinical Chemistry• HematologyHematology• CoagulationCoagulation• ImmunologyImmunology• UrinalysisUrinalysis
Esoteric/Referral TestingEsoteric/Referral Testing Anatomic Pathology Anatomic Pathology
• HistologyHistology• CytologyCytology• AutopsyAutopsy
Molecular DiagnosticsMolecular Diagnostics
Elements of BloodElements of Blood
Plasma - the liquid Plasma - the liquid portionportion
Platelets - the clot Platelets - the clot forming componentsforming components
White Blood Cells - the White Blood Cells - the infection fightersinfection fighters
Red Blood Cells - the Red Blood Cells - the oxygen transportersoxygen transporters
PhlebotomyPhlebotomy
Collection and Collection and processing of processing of blood blood
samples.samples. Patient Patient
interaction.interaction. Great place to Great place to
begin a health begin a health care care career.career.
Collection SuppliesCollection Supplies
Blood CollectionBlood Collection• Purple topPurple top• Yellow top Yellow top • Blue topBlue top• Green topGreen top• Pink topPink top
Urine SpecimenUrine Specimen
UrinalysisUrinalysis Chemical AnalysisChemical Analysis
• DipstickDipstick SedimentSediment
• CrystalsCrystals• CastsCasts• CellsCells
Urine Urine MicroscopicMicroscopic
ExamExamEpithelial Cells
Calcium Oxalate Crystals
Yeast
UrinalysisUrinalysis
Cellular cast
Renal epithelial
ImmunohematologyImmunohematology Blood typesBlood types TransfusionsTransfusions Transfusion Transfusion
reactionsreactions Abnormal Abnormal
antibodiesantibodies
Blood TypesBlood Types
A positive AB negative
Blood TypesBlood Types
O positive O negative
Blood TypesBlood Types
B negative B positive
Blood TypesBlood Types
A negative AB positive
HematologyHematology Complete blood Complete blood
count (CBC)count (CBC) Cellular morphologyCellular morphology AnemiasAnemias LeukemiasLeukemias HemoglobinopathiesHemoglobinopathies
White Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells
Neutrophils -Engulf bacteria and cellular debris37-77%
Basophils - Hypersensitivity,Release histamine0-1.6%
Eosinophils -Parasitic infections,Allergic response1-7%
Lymphocytes -Produce antibodies, regulate the immune response10-44%
Monocytes -Engulf cellular debris, antigen processing2-10%
Hematology ImagesHematology Images
Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia (CML)
Acute Myelocytic Leukemia (AML)
Hematology ImagesHematology Images
Clinical MicrobiologyClinical Microbiology BacteriaBacteria Viruses Viruses FungusFungus ParasitesParasites
ParasitologyParasitology
Clinical ChemistryClinical Chemistry Literally thousands of chemicals and Literally thousands of chemicals and
enzymes in the human bodyenzymes in the human body Panels of testsPanels of tests HepatitisHepatitis DiabeticsDiabetics Electrolyte balanceElectrolyte balance Lipid levelsLipid levels
ChemistryChemistry
DNA
Fats
Proteins
Sugars
Amino Acids
Water
RNA
Cholesterol
Enzymes
Vitamins
Minerals
pHHormones
Bone Cells Blood Cells
Fat Cells Muscle Cells
Anatomical PathologyAnatomical Pathology
Quiz Number 1Quiz Number 132 year-old male arrives in the 32 year-old male arrives in the
emergency room with right emergency room with right lower back pain for 2 days.lower back pain for 2 days.
Lab results:Lab results:The patient’s urine tests positive for The patient’s urine tests positive for
blood and the following elements blood and the following elements are seen.are seen.
What is the patient’s problem?What is the patient’s problem?A. Appendicitis.A. Appendicitis.B. Parasitic infection.B. Parasitic infection.C.C. Renal calculi (kidney stone). Renal calculi (kidney stone).D. Leukemia.D. Leukemia.
Number 2Number 2
10 year-old female is seen 10 year-old female is seen by her family physician by her family physician for persistent sore throats for persistent sore throats and swollen lymph nodes.and swollen lymph nodes.
Lab results:Lab results:WBC count-185,000/mmWBC count-185,000/mm3.3.
90% lymphoblasts.90% lymphoblasts.The patient’s problem is…The patient’s problem is…A. Renal calculi.A. Renal calculi.B.B. Leukemia. Leukemia.C. Parasitic infection.C. Parasitic infection.D. Iron deficiency anemia.D. Iron deficiency anemia.
Number 3Number 3
23 year-old male is seen in 23 year-old male is seen in the urgent care clinic. the urgent care clinic. Patient complains of a Patient complains of a white discharge and pain white discharge and pain with urination.with urination.
Lab results:Lab results:Gram stain shows many WBCs Gram stain shows many WBCs
and 3 plus gram negative and 3 plus gram negative diplococci.diplococci.
A.A. Sexually transmitted Sexually transmitted disease.disease.
B. Bladder infection.B. Bladder infection.C. Kidney infection.C. Kidney infection.D. Hepatitis.D. Hepatitis.
Number 4Number 4
12 year-old male 12 year-old male complains of a sore complains of a sore throat, fever, and throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes.swollen lymph nodes.
Lab results:Lab results:Gram stain demonstrates Gram stain demonstrates
gram positive cocci in gram positive cocci in chains.chains.
The patient’s problem is….The patient’s problem is….A. Viral infection.A. Viral infection.B. Over-eating.B. Over-eating.C. Ear infection.C. Ear infection.D.D. Strep infection. Strep infection.
Number 5Number 5
18 year-old female 18 year-old female complains of being complains of being tired for the past 2 tired for the past 2 weeks.weeks.
Lab results:Lab results:Low HCT, HGB, and RBCs.Low HCT, HGB, and RBCs.The patient’s problem is….The patient’s problem is….AA. Iron deficiency anemia.. Iron deficiency anemia.B. Leukemia.B. Leukemia.C. Macrocytic anemia.C. Macrocytic anemia.D. She does not want to go D. She does not want to go
to school.to school.
ConclusionConclusion
Though we are Though we are behind the scenes.behind the scenes.
We are the Heroes We are the Heroes of the Health Care of the Health Care TeamTeam
Solving Today’s Solving Today’s Medical Mysteries.Medical Mysteries.
QuestionsQuestions
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