political institutions green

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A legislature is a type of representativeassembly with the power to create andchange laws.

The law created by a legislature iscalled legislation or statutory law.

Legislatures are known by manynames, the most common beingparliament and congress.

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A legislature with only one house is

called unicameral.

A legislature with two separate

chambers, usually described as anupper house and a lower house is calledbicameral.

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Legislature of the union which is calledparliament, consists of president andtwo Houses, known as Council Of 

States (Rajya Sabha) and House of thePeople (Lok Sabha).

Each House Of Parliament has tomeet within six months of its previoussitting or meeting.

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The Lok Sabha is the lower house,

elected by the people of India fromindividual, simple majorityconstituencies.

The Rajya Sabha is the upper house,elected by the State Legislatureswhich in turn are directly elected by

the people on the same lines as theLok Sabha.

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The Rajya Sabha is not subjectto dissolution.

The Lok Sabha is subject todissolution once in five years fromthe date appointed for its first

meeting.

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Policy Making

Law Making

Approval Of Budgets

Executive Control

To act as a Mirror Of Public Opinion

All legislation requires consent of both

the Houses of Parliament.

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Parliamentary committees

Standing committees

Ad Hoc committees

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Standing committees :-Members areelected or appointed every year or

periodically and their work goes on,more or less, on a continuous basis.Ex: the Committee on Petitions, the Committee of Privileges and the Rules Committee,etc.

Ad Hoc committees :- Members areappointed for a specific purpose and

they cease to exist when they finishthe task assigned to them andsubmit a report.Ex: Railway Convention Committee was appointed for specific

purposes.

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For every state, there is a

legislature which consists of Governor and one House or twoHouses.

In Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir,Karnataka, Maharashtra, UttarPradesh, there are two Houses

Known as Legislative council andLegislative assembly. 

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In remaining states, there isonly one House known as

Legislative Assembly.

State Legislature has exclusivepowers over subjectsenumerated in list of 17th

schedule of the constitution.

Financial powers of legislatureinclude authorization of allexpenditure, taxation of the stategovernment.

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State legislature ensures thatgrants sanctioned by legislatureare properly utilized.

Legislative Assembly alone haspower to originate Money bills.

Legislative council can make onlyrecommendations in respect of changes of money bills from theassembly.

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Every aspects of business from itsbirth till death is covered under thelaw.

Legislature ensures that businessearns fair rate of profits and aredistributed in a beneficial manner to

the society.Legislature ensures in attainment of business interests, the interest of each person is fully protected.

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