plug-in electric vehicle charging characteristics · pdf filebattery pev battery management...

© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

John HalliwellPrincipal Project Manager – Electric

Transportation

NERC-DOE FIDVR WorkshopSeptember 30, 2015

Washington, D.C.

Plug-in Electric Vehicle Charging

Characteristics

2© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Outline

Electric Vehicle Supply EquipmentCharging System TopologiesCharging CharacteristicsVehicle Voltage Response

3© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Some Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment Samples

Level 1 AC - Cord Set

120V charging

Level 2 AC

208/240V charging

DC Fast

208/480V 3phase input

4© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Plug-in Vehicle On-board System Topology

J1772™ Charge Port

Traction Battery

PEV

Battery Management

System

Charger AC/DC

DC

AC

5© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Topology and Nomenclature – AC Charging

1-ph AC Service

120/208/240V

J1772 Charge Port

Charger AC/DC

ACTraction Battery

PEV

EVSE

Battery Management

System

6© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

DC Charging

3-ph AC ServiceDC

EVSE 208/480V

DC Charge Port

PEV

BMS

Traction Battery

DC

Charger AC/DC

7© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Wireless Charging

1-ph AC Service208/240V

Charger AC/DC

Traction Battery

PEV

BMS

Wireless EVSE

DC

85kHz AC

8© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

No Matter the Charging Technology…

Regulation is at the battery (DC load side)– V and I controlled by Battery

Management System– From AC input, generally looks

like a constant power load with a current limit

Standards, wire sizing, etc..– Based on input current

Response to off-normal conditions mix of:– OEM designed charge

management– Third party charge station design

(AC, DC Wireless)

REGULATION at DC

9© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Power versus Time

DC “FAST” CHARGING

AC Level 2 CHARGING

AC Level 1 CHARGING

Wireless CHARGING

Up to 100+ kW

Up to 19.2 kW

Up to 2 kW

10© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Hits current limit of ~18A around 208V

Roughly Constant Power down to

208V

EPRI 2011 Nissan Leaf Data

11© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Portion of curve highlighted with RED line is the expected typical operational region

Roughly constant power down to

208V

EPRI 2011 Chevy Volt

12© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

This Sample Waveform was Used

13© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.6727W

6700W 6745W

6730W

Cur

rent

(A)

Volta

ge (V

)P

ower

(W)

46.3s

2013 Nissan Leaf – Response to FIDVR Voltage Profile

14© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

2013 Nissan Leaf – Response to FIDVR Voltage Profile - 2C

urre

nt (A

)Vo

ltage

(V)

Voltage Reduction

15© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity