plasmonic imaging: "a new lens into the nano-world” the mantra: plasmon wave imaging:...

Plasmonic Imaging: "A New Lens into the Nano-World”

The Mantra: Plasmon wave imaging:Optical frequencies, but with X-ray wavelengths!

Josh ConwayThomas SzkopekEli Yablonovitch

Xiang Zhang

What’s Next?

light

plasmon wave

imag

epl

ane

Surface plasmons

double-sided surface plasmons

- - -

metal

+++

air

E+++ - - -- - - kx

kz

- - -

metal

+++

air

E+++ - - -- - - kx

kz

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.00.52361.0472 2.09442.61803.4907 5.2360 6.9813 10.4720200

100

50

40

30 20 15 10

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Plasmon Wave-Vector (2/wavelength in nm)

Plas

mon

Ene

rgy

in e

VPlasmon Wavelength in nmh

k

t=thickness of metal film

t=1nmt=2nm

t=5nmt=20nm

2.8eV

Optical frequencies, but with X-ray wavelengths!

Thin-film plasmon imaging opticsdouble convex lens(high index)

double concave lens(low index)

photoresistsilicon

plas

mon

wav

e

sapphire plas

mon

wav

e+

++

+-

--

-

grat

ing

coup

ler

light h =2.5eV

n9

n8

n7

n6

n2

n5

n4

n3

n1

n0

n9> n8> >n1>n0

Rayleigh Limit is /n9

Final Objective Lens

light

light

photoresistsilicon

plas

mon

wav

e

sapphire plas

mon

wav

e+

++

+-

--

-

grat

ing

coup

ler

light h =2.5eV

dimple lens

in-coupling grating

out-coupling edge

Plasmon imaging in a silver film far-field fromconventional lens

light

metal film supports plasmon waves

photoresist

object

imageconventional refractive lens

plasmon wave

plasmon lens

curved grating coupler

imag

epl

ane

imag

epl

ane

Plasmon wave imaging:Optical frequencies, but with X-ray wavelengths!

light

silicon

object

conventionalrefractive lens

plasmon wave

grating coupler

Plasmon wave imaging:Optical frequencies, but with X-ray wavelengths!

image

mirror

grating coupler

photoresist

slider

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.00.52361.0472 2.09442.61803.4907 5.2360 6.9813 10.4720200

100

50

40

30 20 15 10

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Plasmon Wave-Vector (2/wavelength in nm)

Plas

mon

Ene

rgy

in e

VPlasmon Wavelength in nmh

k

t=thickness of metal film

t=1nmt=2nm

t=5nmt=20nm

2.8eV

Optical frequencies, but with X-ray wavelengths!

0 20 40 60 80 1000

100

200

300

400 1.5 eV

2.0 eV

2.5 eV

0

100

200

300

20 40

400

60 80

Plas

mon

Wav

elen

gth

in n

m

Silver Film Thickness in nm

Silver Film on Sapphire

t

p

0 1 2 3 4 5020406080

kReal

kIm

Real Wave-number rad/nm

Imag

inar

y W

ave-

num

ber i

n ra

d/nm

Plasmon wavelength in nm

Imaginary versus Real part of wave vector:

1.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

50 20 15 5

1.5 eV

2.5 eV

2.0 eV

0.05

0. 5

200 10

Q ~ 20

p

Suspension

Head Stack Assembly( Gimbal, Slider)

Read-Write Head )

Flex Cable

Data Track( track position information is

embedded in the disk sectors )

Pivot

Disk

E-block

Spindle

Voice Coil Motor (VCM)

Suspension

Head Stack Assembly( Gimbal, Slider)

Read-Write Head )

Flex Cable

Data Track( track position information is

embedded in the disk sectors )

Pivot

Disk

E-block

Spindle

Voice Coil Motor (VCM)

30nm

1mm

dc Magnetic Dipole Disk Drive ac Electric Dipole Disk Drive

sapphire slider

slider suspension

image from

modulator array

photoresist

silicon

plasmon lens

SIDE VIEW

light

silicon

object

conventionalrefractive lens

plasmon wave

grating coupler

Plasmon wave imaging:Optical frequencies, but with X-ray wavelengths!

image

mirror

grating coupler

photoresist

slider

+ + +- - -

+ + +- - -

+ + +

++- - -

- -+++

- - -+ + +

- - -

- - -+ + +

C

L

v

v

v

v

2

2

2

nqJJdtd

mEnq

nqdtdmEnq

qdtdmEq

dtdmqE

maF

p

p

p

p

where

dtddtddtd

mnq

JE

LC1

LengthArea ~ C ecapacitanc that notice

LinductancekineticthecalledisArea

Length1L

IArea

Length1V

IArea

LengthV

AreaI

LengthV

I/Area and V/Length,But

2

2

2

2

λ

I(ω)+++++

++++

- - -- -

- - - -

anti-bodiesanti-gensDNA fragmentsRNAtoxins

1 photon in a 1nm1nm1nm capacitorproduces an electric field= 108 Volts/cm electric field= 1Volt/AngstromThis is enough for a giant optical nonlinearity!

Thin capacitors can sustain very large electric fields108Volts/cm1Volt/Angstrom

three terminal optical device

di-electric

wave-guide

plas

mon

ic

k

wire

grating

in-coupler

grating

out-coupler

anti-bodiesanti-gensDNA fragmentsRNAtoxins

capacitive bio-sensor

nonlinearmediumλ

0

1

2

3

4

-1 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

Plas

mon

Ene

rgy

in e

V

0

1

2

3

4

h

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6Plasmon Wave-Vector (2/wavelength in nm)

-0.5-0.6 k

Plasmon Wavelength in nm

100100 5050 2020 1010

-0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

Al2O3

Air

- - -

metal+++

air

E+++ - - -- - - kx

kz

- - -

metal+++

air

E+++ - - -- - - kx

kz

thin Al2O3

0

1

2

3

4

-1 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

Plas

mon

Ene

rgy

in e

V

0

1

2

3

4

h

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6Plasmon Wave-Vector (2/wavelength in nm)

-0.5-0.6 k

d=1nmd=2nm

d=5nmd=10nm

d=20nm

Plasmon Wavelength in nm

100100 5050 2020 1010

-0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

Al2O3

silver

aird