plant reproduction asexual reproduction: plants being remade without sex cells (egg or sperm/pollen)

Plant Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction: Plants being remade without sex cells (egg or sperm/pollen)

Asexual Reproduction

A. Tip and Stem layering – stem comes in contact with ground and develops roots.

Ex. Raspberry bushes

Asexual Reproduction

B. Cuttings – stem/leaves placed in water; start to develop roots.

Ex. Geraniums

Asexual Reproduction

C. Grafting – take a twig from one plant and attach to stem of another.

Asexual Reproduction

D. Budding – attach the end bud from one plant to another.

Asexual Reproduction

E. Runners – stems that extend along ground and “plant themselves”.

Ex. Strawberries

Asexual Reproduction

F. Bulb and corm duplication – onions, daffodils, tulips. Flower is at center.

Asexual Reproduction

G. Rhizome – stem growing below ground.

Ex. Grass

Asexual Reproduction

H. Tubers – “eyes” are modified rhizomes that will develop into plant.

Ex. Potato

Seeds

Definition: An embryo plant with a food supply and a protective coat.

Function of seed parts

a. Testa – seed coat

b. Cotyledon – embryo leaf

c. Radicle – root tip

d. Epicotyl – embryo stem

f.

f.

d.

b.

Seeds

Definition: An embryo plant with a food supply and a protective coat.

Function of seed parts

e. hypocotyl – embryo root

f. endosperm – starch for embryo f.

f.

b.

WHY WOULD A PLANT NEED ITS OWN FOOD SUPPLY?

Function of Seed Parts

Hilum – where seed attaches to seed pod.

Micropyle – where fertilization of egg took place.

Germination

Definition – The development of a seed into a plant.

Germination requirements:

A. water

B. oxygen

C. Correct temperatureWHY NOT LIGHT?

Label flower and give function of parts

1. Sepals (ALL – calyx)

A. green; leaf-like

B. Protect bud before opening

2. Petals (ALL – corolla)

A. Protection

B. Attract pollenators (bees, etc.)

Label flower and give function of parts

3. Stamen – male structure

A. Anther – produces pollen

B. Filament – Holds anther up high; aids pollination

C. Pollen – plant sperm

Label flower and give function of parts

4. Pistil – female structure

A. Ovary – creates eggs, becomes fruit

B. Ovules (eggs) – turn into seeds if fertilized

C. Style – supports stigma

Label flower and give function of parts

4. Pistil – female structure

D. Stigma – pollen sticks to it

5. Receptacle – point of stem where flower meets stem

Variations existing in flowers

a.Perfect flower – both male and female parts are present on same flower

b.Imperfect flower – only has male OR female parts

PUMPKIN FLOWERS ARE IMPERFECT.

WHICH PUMPKIN FLOWER IS THE FEMALE?

HOW DO YOU KNOW?

Variations existing in flowers

a.Complete flower – All parts present

b.Incomplete flower – missing one or more of main parts

PETALS MISSING

Type of pollination

1.Define pollination – transfer of pollen from anther to stigma

2. Self-pollination – pollen from same plant pollinate its own flowers

Type of pollination

1.Define pollination – transfer of pollen from anther to stigma

3. Cross-pollination – pollen exchanged between flowers

Fertilization

1.Pollen released from anther and sticks to stigma

2. Pollen tube (corn silk) grows down style to deliver sperm to ovary

FertilizationPollen tube animation

Three main pollinators

1.Insects/animals – attracted by “bright” petal

2. Wind

3. water/rain

Flowers to fruit

1.If fertilization happens, ovary develops into fruit with seeds inside.

2. If no fertilization, flower dies and falls off.

Various methods of seed dispersal

1.Mechanical

2. Wind -

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NminPy_ZGpk

Function of Seed Parts

Testa – seed coat

Cotyledon – starch (energy source) for embryo

Radicle – embryo root tip

Hypocotyl – embryo root

Function of Seed Parts

Epicotyl – embryo leaf

Cotyledon – starch (energy source) for embryo