planning 3g netwrok with hspa+ service base on 2g network
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Planning 3G networkwith HSPA+ service
Base on 2G network
Prepared By:Sharif Muhammad Majedul Khan
Senior RF EngineerAfghan Wireless Communication Company
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Contents
Overview of WCDMA Radio Network Planning
WCDMA Service Model
WCDMA Coverage Estimation
WCDMA Capacity Estimation
2G Resource Sharing Opportunity for AWCC
HSPA+ service
WCDMA Cell Scrambling Planning
WCDMA Licenses or RNC features
WCDMA KPI
WCDMA Drive Test
WCDMA Site Acceptance
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Evolution from 2G (GSM) to 3G (WCDMA)
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WCDMA Frequency Spectrum
Most 3G UMTS operators have been allocated 10Mhz of paired frequency
spectrum (i.e. 10MHz uplink+10MHz downlink), typically in the 2100Mhz range
allocated worldwide. This is used with two separate paired WCDMA carriers of5Mhz each. AWCC can take 5Mhz paired spectrum initially for 3G operation.
Fig: Frequency Bands usages
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WCDMA Network Planning Flow
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WCDMA Network Planning Flow -Demand Analysis
Planning area basic information: geographical environment, humanistic
environment, economic condition, etc.
Fig: Kabul Clutter Map
Clutter Type(Kabul)
Area(Sq. KM)
3G EstimatedCustomers
Dense Urban 150 30000Urban 80 10000Sub Urban 120 2000
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WCDMA Network Planning Flow- Scale Estimation
Make sure the number of necessary NodeBs based on coverage
Uplink/Downlink coverage cell coverage semidiameter
Calculate the number of necessary NodeBs
Make sure the number of necessary NodeBs based on user
capacity
Uplink/Downlink capacity cell capacity
Calculate the number of necessary NodeBs
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WCDMA Network Planning Flow - Preplanning Emulation
Fig: Simulation by planning Tools
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WCDMA Network Planning Flow -Site Survey
On the basis of scale estimation, survey the practical optimal site
in emulation.
Take all construction conditions, including power supply,
transportation, electromagnetic background, land confiscation
situation, offset range to the ideal site, economic benefits and
coverage prediction into account.
Determine engineering parameters of the site according to theactual environment, including BS latitude and longitude, antenna
gain, antenna half-power angle, tilt angle, direction angle and hang
height.
Fig: Affect of Bad site selection
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WCDMA Network Planning Flow - Propagation Model
Correction
Achieve a radio propagation model more suitable for the
local practical environment.
Measure the different environments respectively.
Fig: Frequency Scanning Drive Test
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WCDMA Service Model
Service Type Basic Features Typical Cases
Conversational Keep time relationship between
information entities in stream,
conversational mode (small delay andstrict delay jitter requirement)
Voice service, video conference,
interactive game, Telnet
Streaming Keep time relationship between
information entities in stream
Voice stream media download,
movie browse, VOD
Interactive Request response mode and keep
data integrity
Basic browse, mobile office,
information service and e-commerce
Background Target has high tolerance to data
delay and data integrity shall be kept
VAS service, SMS, MMS, FTP, E-
mail
In the 3GPP protocol, services of the WCDMA system are grouped
into four classes based on QoS.
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CS Domain Service Model
Call setup Call release
Call duration
Busy Hour Call Attempt (BHCA)
Call duration
Busy hour traffic
Busy Hour Traffic = BHCA x Call Duration /3600
Voice service call model
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CS Domain Service Model
0.015600.9Main line of communication/scenic spot
0.016600.96Rural area
0.018601.018Suburb area
0.02601.2Urban area
0.02601.2Dense building complex area
0.03601.8Irregular building-intensive area
0.045602.7Central business district
Dense Urban area
TrafficErl/BHCall DurationSBHCAArea
1.51200.045Main line of communication/scenic spot
1.61200.048Rural area
1.81200.0509Suburb area
21200.06Urban area
21200.06Dense building complex area
31200.09Irregular building-intensive area
4.51200.135Central business district
Dense Urban area
TrafficmErl/BHCall DurationSBHCAArea
Voice service model
Video phone service model
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PS Domain Service Model
Primary parameters in data service call model
hg/3600/fErl
ga*b*c*d*e*8/1000Service throughput
(kbits/BH)
fService bear rate
eMean packet size (Byte)
dPackets per call
cCalls per session
bApplication proportion
aBHSA of data service
Symbolic OperationParameter
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PS Domain Service Model
Because all services will finally come down to the bear rate, the table
below provides a recommended data service model based on bear rate.
11021.754.2586.8112.5164/384
1734.9487.35140.3161.8864/128
1115.7638.863.0480.6464/64
Rural AreaSuburb AreaUrban AreaDense Urban
Area
Uplink/
Downlink
Proportion
Busy Hour Traffic (kbits)Bear Rate
(kbps)
Note: The data in this table is intended for Class 4 area. For Class 1, 2 and 3
areas, you can multiply the data by 30, 20 and 10 respectively. Overseas
developed areas are taken as Class 1 areas.
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WCDMA Coverage Estimation
Improvement to the space free loss formula for RadioPropagation Model:
Model Name Frequency Range
Okumura-Hata 150 MHz1500 MHz macro cellCost231-Hata 150 MHz2000 MHz macro cell
Cost231 Walfish-Ikegami 800 MHz2000 MHz micro cell
Keenan-Motley 900 MHz and 1800 MHz indoor
environment
General model 150 MHz2000 MHz macro cell
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Cost231-Hata Model
mmbb CAhdhhfPathloss lglg55.69.44log82.13lg9.333.46
f -refers to carrier, unit: MHz, applicable for 150 MHz2000 MHz
bh -refers to BS antenna height, unit: m, effective height 30 m200 m
d -refers to the distance from mobile station to antenna, unit: Km
mAh -refers to mobile station antenna height correction factor
mC -refers to city center correction factor, 3 dBm for large cities
and 0 dBm for middle- and small-size cities
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General Model
Path loss = k1 + k2log(d) + k3Hms + k4lg(Hms) + k5lg(Heff) +k6log(Heff)log(d) + k7(diffraction loss) + clutter loss
d -refers to the distance from mobile station to BS antenna, unit: Km
Heff- refers to the effective height of BS transmit antenna, unit: m
Hms -refers to the height of mobile station antenna, unit: m
diffraction loss- refers to dispersion loss
clutter loss -refers to topographical feature
loss correction factor
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Link Budget ParameterProcessing Gain
Processing gain Processing gain = Chip rate/Bit rate (PG = W/R)
Different services have dissimilar processing gains. As a result,
their service coverage radiuses are different.
PG = 25dB
Voice 12.2 kbps Data 64 kbps Data 384 kbps
Node B
PG = 18dB
PG = 10dB
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Link Budget Parameter Eb/No
Eb/No Power spectrum
Eb/No
required
Subscriber 1NoiseSubscriber 2Subscriber 3
Eb indicates the signal energy per bit, that is, Eb = S/R where S indicates
signal energy and R indicates service bit rate.
No indicates the noise power spectrum density, that is No = N/W where W
indicates bandwidth (3.84 M) and N indicates noise (total receiving power
except the signal itself).
Eb/No = =S
RX
W
N
S
NX
W
R= S
NX PG
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Link Budget ParameterEb/No
Eb/No is related to the service type, moving speed, coding/decoding
algorithm, antenna diversify, power control, and multi-path environment.
Channel
Rate
(kbit/s)
Required
Error Block
Rate
Recommended
Value by 3GPP
12.2
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Link Budget ParameterInterference Margin
Interference margin
)1lg(10 Interference margin = , where indicates the cell load.
For the downlink, the relationship between load and interference still exists.
The interference margin shall be determined by emulation because it is hard to
make the theoretic calculation.
Noise
increasing[dB]
Stablear
ea
Quasi-s
table
area
Unstabl
earea
Load
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Link Budget ParameterThermal Noise
Thermal noise
Noise indicates the thermal noise, caused by electronic thermal
movements in the conductor. It is generated between antenna and receiver
as well as in the damaged component coupler of level 1 of the receiver.
The power spectrum density is the same at the fixed frequency point
because the noise bandwidth is far larger than the system bandwidth. The
noise power generated by the thermal noise source is the same per unit
bandwidth.
Noise = KTW (in the unit of W), -174 dBm at the normal temperature
KBoltzmann constant, 1.38*10-23J/K
TKelvin temperature , 290 K
WSignal bandwidth, 3.84 M
When dBm is taken as the calculation unit:
Noise=10lg(KT)+10lg(W) where 10lg(KT) indicates the thermal
noise density (in the unit of dBm/Hz).
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Link Budget ParameterNoise Coefficient
Noise coefficient
Noise coefficient of the receiver indicates the noise that the
receiver introduces in the processing. It is equal to the ratio of
input S/N to output S/N.
It is generally taken to 2.2 dB for the BS and 5 dB for the MS
during link budget.
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Link Budget ParameterReceiver Sensitivity
BS receiver sensitivity
BS receiver sensitivity indicates the minimum receiving level that the
service channel requires to guarantee the decoding requirement with certain
communication qualities.
N indicates the total noise that the BS receives, that is, N = Noise + Nf + IM.
NoiseThermal noise, NfBS noise coefficient, IMInterference margin
S(dBm) = Eb/No(dB) + 10lg(KTW) + Nf(dBm) + IM(dBm) - 10lg(W/R)
Receiver Sensitivity = 10lg(KT)+Nf+10lg(Eb/No)+10lgR+IM
So:
S(dBm) = Eb/No(dB) + N(dBm) - 10lg(W/R)
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Li k B dg t O i
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Link Budget Overview
Noise figure
Cablelosses
Soft handovergain,
antenna gain
Building Penetrationloss
Body loss
Max AllowedPath Loss(L)
= Tx Signal + All Gains Other Losses RxSensitivity
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Link Budget Overview
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Bit rate bit/s 64000 a
Total TX power available dBm 21 bTX antenna gain dBi 2 c
Body loss dB 0 d
TX EIRP per traffic channel dBm 23 e=b+c-d
RX antenna gain dBi 18 f
RX cable and connector losses dB 3 g
Receiver noise figure dB 3 hThermal noise density dBm/Hz -174j
Cell loading % 70 k
Noise rise due to interference dB 5.23 l=10*log10(1/(1-(k/100)))
Total effect of noise dBm/Hz -171 m=h+j
Information rate dBHz 48.06 n=db(a)
Effective required Eb/No dB 2.54 o
RX sensitivity dBm -115.40 p=l+m+n+o+correction factor
Soft Handoff Gain dB 4.5 q
Fast fading Margin dB 2.5 r
Log normal fade margin dB 11.6 s
In-building penetration loss (urban) dB 20 t
Maximum path loss urban dB 123.80 pl=e+f+q-g-p-r-s-t
Path loss = Tx signal + all gains - losses - ( SNR + Noise)
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Link Budget Overview
WCDMA Capacity Estimation
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1. Hybrid service intensity analysis
The WCDMA system provides multiple services and the hybrid
service intensity analysis makes the system capacity consumed by
various services equivalent to that consumed by a single service.
2. Uplink capacity estimation
Estimate the BS number that meets the service demand based on the
hybrid service intensity analysis.
3. Downlink capacity estimation
It is a verification process. The BS transmission power formula is used tocalculate the channel number that can be provided by the current BS
scale so as to verify whether this channel number can meet the capacity
requirement, and if it cannot, stations need be added.
WCDMA Capacity Estimation
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Common Capacit Design Methods
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Common Capacity Design Methods
Equivalent Erlangs method : Make a serviceequivalent to another service and calculate the total Erl.
Post Erlang-B method: Calculate the capacity requiredby each service respectively and add them
Campbell method: Make multiple services equivalentto a virtual service and calculate the capacity on the basis
of the virtual service.
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Estimation Flow Chart
Input: system load requirement and coverage requirement
Uplink coverage
estimation
Downlink coverage
estimation
Uplink capacity
estimation
Quantity of base stations
satisfying uplink coverage
Quantity of base stations
satisfying coverage
requirement
Quantity of base stations
satisfying downlink coverage
Quantity B of channelsprovided by the cell
Compare the results and evaluate the larger one
End
Quantity A of channelsrequired by the cell
A
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WCDMA Network Planning BS Parameters Planning
Downlink channel transmission power allocation
Scrambling resource planning
Handoff parameter planning
Frequency allocation
* Attachment: Flexi NODE-B
BS parameters All
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2G Resource Sharing Opportunity for AWCC
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Planning 3G network with HSPA+ service base on 2G Network
Planning Strategy base on 2G
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3G Coverage Prediction base on 2G DT
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Planning 3G network with HSPA+ service base on 2G Network
Predict future problem by 2G DT
3G traffic prediction by 2G traffic
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3G traffic prediction by 2G traffic
R i i 2G RAN R
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Planning 3G network with HSPA+ service base on 2G Network
Reusing existent 2G RAN Resources
S f l O t t
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Planning 3G network with HSPA+ service base on 2G Network
Successful Operator story
S f l O t t
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Successful Operator story
Reducing CAPEX & OPEX
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Reducing CAPEX & OPEX
Wh t i HSPA
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Planning 3G network with HSPA+ service base on 2G Network
HSPA Evolution is HSPA+. It means an evolvement direction which is
based on the CDMA and under the condition of compatible with legacyHSDPA/HSUPA network, to enhance the HSPA network by introducing
some new technologies.
HSPA HSPA+ LTECarrier Single-Carrier Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier
Bandwidth 5MHz 5MHz Scalable
(1.25,2.5,5,10,15,20MHz)MA Mode DS-CDMA DS-CDMA OFDMA(DL)
SC-FDMA(UL)
What is HSPA+
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Planning 3G network with HSPA+ service base on 2G Network
BandwidthHSPA+ P1
(3GPP R7 )
HSPA+ P2
(3GPP R8 )
HSPA+ P3
(3GPP R9/R10 )
5MHz
SISO 21.09 SISO 21.09 SISO 21.09
2x2MIMO
27.95 2x2 MIMO 42.19 2x2 MIMO 42.19
10MHz N/A
SISO 42.19 SISO 42.19
2x2 MIMO 84.38 2x2 MIMO 84.38
4x4 MIMO 168.76 4x4 MIMO 168.76
20MHz N/A N/A
SISO 84.38
2x2 MIMO 168.76
4x4 MIMO 337.52
Phase Target of Downlink Peak Rate
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BandwidthHSPA+ P1
(3GPP R7 )
HSPA+ P2
(3GPP R8 )
HSPA+ P3
(3GPP
R9/R10 )
5MHz 11.498
SISO 17.247 SISO 17.247
2x2 MIMO 34.494 2x2 MIMO 34.494
N/A N/A 4x4 MIMO 68.988
10MHz N/A
SISO 34.494 SISO 34.494
2x2 MIMO 68.988 2x2 MIMO 68.988
N/A N/A 4x4 MIMO 137.976
20MHz N/A N/A
SISO 68.988
2x2 MIMO 137.976
4x4 MIMO 275.952
Phase Target of Uplink Peak Rate
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FeatureHSPA+ P1
(3GPP R7 )
HSPA+ P2
(3GPP R8 )
HSPA+ P3
(3GPP R9/R10 )
Multi-Carrier Not Supported Dual-Carriers Quad-Carriers
User-Plane Latency 20 ms 10 ms 5 ms
Control-Plane Latency 100 ms 50 ms 50 ms
VoIP Subscribers 200 400 800
MBMS 3 Mbps 5 Mbps 10 Mbps
System Architecture Ongoing Flat Flat
Phase Target of Other Features
S A hi (3GPP R7)
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Planning 3G network with HSPA+ service base on 2G Network
Node B
Node B
Core Network
UE
IP
UE
Node B
UE
RNC
RNC Service: PS
CN: SGSN + GGSN
Topology: Centralized / Star
New UE Category:
DLCategory 13 16
ULCategory 7
System Architecture (3GPP R7)
System Architecture (3GPP R8/9/10)
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Node B+
Node B+
Core Network
UE
IP
UE
Node B+
UE
Service: PS only
CN: SGSN + GGSN or aGW
Topology: Distributed / Mesh
New UE Category:
DLCategory 17 20
ULCategory 8 9
System Architecture (3GPP R8/9/10)
I t d ti t WCDMA C ll S bli
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The WCDMA system adopts the CDMA technology, and different
NodeBs or different sectors of a BS are differentiated by scrambling.
The downlink scrambling code is the PN sequence generated by an
18-bit shift register, with a total of218 1 = 262,143 scramblingsequences. However, the system only uses these scrambling
sequences numbered from 0 to 24,575.
Introduction to WCDMA Cell Scrambling
I t d ti t WCDMA C ll S bli
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The 24,576 scrambling sequences are divided into three parts:
Common scrambling codes: k = 0,1,2,8,191, corresponding to 8,192
common scrambling codes, and used in normal mode.
Left secondary scrambling code: k + 8,192 and k = 0,1,2,8,191, is the
replaceable scrambling code used in compression mode in the case of n
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