physiology of vision
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-
2
()
-
70%
, , ,
-
Figure 15.6
-
7
6 (4 , 2 )
-
2
3
-
,
, ,
( , ) : + ()
-
2 : ()
( 7 ) ( ,
)
( )
-
-
-
2
(D) D=(n2-n1)/r n1: 1 n1: 2 r: m
-
~ 60 D, , 24 mm
-
Figure 15.17a
,
~>7 m
-
:
, ,
-
E ,
M
-
Problems of Refraction
Figure 15.18
-
,
-
(
)
( )
-
3 3
-
Light
Figure 15.14
-
(~16:1)
: = +
-
> 100x106 1x106
-
-
-
:
H
: : 1:1:1
-
(Phototransduction)
O ( )
-
Baylor et al, >106 +
-
1 ?
-
( A)
: 11-cis and all-trans
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Chemistry of Visual Pigments
Figure 15.20
, . cis-
,
-
(o + 11-cis )
all-trans +
( , bleaching of the pigment)
ll-trans 11-cis
11-cis A
11-cis + =>
-
Figure 15.21
-
( + o)
3 : blue, green, and red ( )
3
-
all-trans ,
G (transducin)
(PDE)
PDE cGMP GMP +
cGMP, , ,
-
Phototransduction
Figure 15.22
-
(d-30000 molecules/m2)
~109
+
G
(11-cis-form)
-
( ) :
-
(~80% )
: ( , )
-
2 => 2 ( ) =>
2
, ( )
-
On-center
Off-center -
on off
:
-
Figure 15.24
:
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