physical fitness & gymnastics

Physical Fitness & Gymnastics

At the end of the course, the students are expected to:

1. Understand the concepts, facts and knowledge on physical fitness.

2. Assess one’s fitness level with the use of different physical fitness test.

3. Distinguish physical fitness facts and myths.4. Demonstrate awareness of their

responsibilities either as a team leader or a team member during group activities.

General Objectives

5. Appreciate the benefits derived from being physically fit.

6. Maintain a healthful living.

At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

COGNITIVE1. Analyze and discuss the meaning,

objectives and values of physical fitness.2. Acquire knowledge about history,

meaning and phases of gymnastics program.

3. Identify the health related and skill related components of physical fitness.

Specific Objectives

AFFECTIVE1. Appreciate the importance of living an

active life through physical exercises and other related movement activities.

2. Develop awareness of the health and fitness benefits of physical exercises.

3. Acquire the values of fitness and health in the various gymnastics activities.

PSYCHOMOTOR1. Perform the different movements related

to physical activities and exercises.2. Demonstrate the proper execution of

fundamental gymnastics position of the arms and feet, stunts and tumbling, and pyramid building. Execute the basic skills in gymnastics.

Physical Education – is an integral part of the educational program designed to promote the optimum development of an individual physically, mentally, socially, emotionally, and spiritually through total body movement in the performance of properly selected physical activities.

Meaning of Physical Education

1. Physical Development

Focus is on the acquisition and development of physical skills which can increase one’s capability to enjoy lifetime recreational pursuits. This is attained through regular exercises and participation in varied vigorous activities. Regular physical activity and good physical fitness help enhance the quality of life in many ways. Physical fitness and exercise can help one look good, feel good and enjoy life.

Objectives of Physical Education

2. Social Development

Physical activity often promotes the opportunity to be with other people. It is in this social experience that many appreciate the importance of physical education activities. Through active participation in the activities, positive and desirable traits are being develop like cooperation, sportsmanship, friendliness, good leadership, respect for others and honesty in group competition.

3. Emotional Development

Physical education activities provide opportunities for self-expression and emotional mastery. People who have more positive feeling about physical activities are the one said to have positive balance of feelings. A positive balance of feeling increase the chances that a person will develop self-confidence, self-reliance and self-control. Positive character traits like courage and discipline are most likely to become part of an individual’s life.

4. Mental Development

Through physical education activities, the learners acquire knowledge and understanding of rule and strategies of the games, sports and dance instructions. Varied activities in physical education help the students develop their ability to analyze body movements, skills and game situations.

Service Physical Education – is usually required to all students. The purpose of the program is to provide instructions and development skills, knowledge and favorable attitudes toward physical activity.

Intramural Sports - is the competitive phase of sports activities. Activities participated in the intramural program should parallel as closely as possible to those offered in the service curriculum.

Program of Physical Education

Inter School Sports – the emphasis is on instruction and competition for students with relatively high levels of skills in sports. Participants in these programs are the athletes who compete with others of comparable ability.

The ability of an individual to live a healthy satisfying and useful life.

FITNESS

The ability to perform one’s daily tasks efficiently without undue fatigue but with extra “reserve” in case of emergency.

PHYSICAL FITNESS

1. Organic Vigor – refers to the soundness of the heart and lungs which contribute to the ability to resist disease.

2. Endurance – is the ability to sustain long continued contractions where a number of muscle groups are used: the capacity to bear or last in a certain tasks without undue fatigue.

3. Strength – is the capacity to sustain the application of force without yielding or breaking; the ability of the muscles to exert effort against a resistance.

Specific Components of Physical Fitness

4. Power – refers to the ability of the muscles to release maximum force in the shortest period of time.

5. Flexibility – is a quality of plasticity which gives the ability to do a wide range of movement.

6. Agility – is the ability of an individual to change direction or position in space with quickness and lightness of movement.

7. Balance – is the ability to control organic equipment neuro-muscularly; a state of equilibrium.

8. Speed – is the ability to make successive movement of the same kind in the shortest period of time.

Therapeutic or Remedial Gymnastics - is a series of selected exercises that

helps relieve physical discomfort or restore function to disabled people

Educational Gymnastics - is a program that challenges students to

master tactics involving strength, rhythm, flexibility, balance and agility.

GYMNASTICS

Competitive Gymnastics - consists of prescribed sets of events for

men and women, each of which is scored separately in order to determine the winner.

Gymnastics is defined as a self-motivating activity where one can manipulate the different parts of the body in varied movement.

Gymnastics are exercises based on scientific principle.

Gymnastics is the performance of systematic exercises often with the use of light and other heavy gymnastics apparatus.

Meaning of Gymnastics

1. Improve and maintain a physically fit body.

2. Improve efficiently of movement through grace, poise, dignity, form and rhythm.

3. Improve social development like courage, initiative, determination, and perseverance.

4. Correction of minor posture defects.5. Stimulate enjoyment and interest in

gymnastics.

Objectives of Gymnastics

Gymnastics as a sport activity has been

around for over 2000 years. It is one of the oldest Olympic sports, and has always been part of the ancient, as well as the modern Olympics games. The term “gymnastics” derives from the Greek word “gymnos”, meaning naked.

History of Gymnastics

Johann Basedow (1722-1790)-Introduced gymnastics into the program of instruction in the school.

The following people were considered great contributors in the development of the gymnastics:

Johann Guts Muths (1759-1839)-Great grandfather of gymnastics and wrote the first book “Gymnastics for the Youth”.

Pehr Ling (1776-1839)-Invented the stall bars and the vaulting box. He was the first to appreciate corrective value of gymnastics.

Freidrich Jahn (1778-1852)-Known as the father of gymnastics and started the Turverein movement.

Adolf Spiess (1810-1858)-Introduced marching and freehand exercises with music.

Franz Nechtegale (1772-1847)-Started the first school for training gymnastics teachers.

Dr. Dudley Sargeant-The first American contributors to gymnastics.

Francisca Reyes Aquino-Together with Director Candido Bartolome, they started gymnastics in the Philippines.

1. Conditioning Program -the exercises are selected for the purpose of

preparing the body for more complicated movement and skills. Exercises for warm-up can also be selected in this phase.

2. Rhythmic Gymnastics -routines or exercise accompanied with music

are called “rhythmic gymnastics”. They are so called because they are performed in rhythmical manner and the movements are flowing.

Phases of Gymnastics Program

3. Stunts -are activities in the form of play and they test

one’s strength, flexibility, balance, agility, endurance and coordination.

4. Tumbling -this is the most important phase of gymnastics

program, because this is where the ability of the performer is tested as he rolls to and fro; twists, turns and springs about on the mat, floor and in the air.

5. Apparatus Exercise (Heavy) -this includes exercises done on the balance

beam, vaulting horse, parallel bars, rings, and the trampoline.

6. Pyramid Building -this phase of the program makes a

picture(mural) out of body static positions. The positions should be properly arranged and selected so that they form the shape of a pyramid.