photographic obstruction mapping/media/com/velux days... · halioglass.com 2 daylight and views are...
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Photographic
Obstruction
MappingAndy McNeil,
Kinestral Technologies Inc.
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▪ Daylight and Views are widely desired• Daylight is the most desirable benefit employers can offer to employees
• Homes with ample daylight are more valuable than those with less
▪ Humans are terrible at manual control of shading• We are triggered by glare
• The un-trigger is ambiguous and rarely noticed
▪ Shades stay down far longer than needed• Daylight is squandered
• Views are blocked
Daylight is awesome, manual shades are not.
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▪ Automation needs to be cost effective at small scale• € / window for 10 windows vs. 1,000 windows
▪ Automation needs to do the ‘right thing’ all the time.• 95% correct = Wrong 2 hours per work week
• 99.5% correct = Wrong 12 minutes per work week
▪ One thing that needs to be done right:
Don’t activate shading when the widow is in a shadow!
Automated control is the way forward
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Obstructions…
▪ Cast shadows on windows
• Neighboring buildings
• Static Shading devices, eg.
overhangs, fins
• Mountains / Hills
• Trees (?)
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Currently accounted for by
ray-tracing CAD models
▪ Model preparation can be time consuming and costly
▪ CAD model availability is spotty.• Often limited to building outlines
• Height needs to be estimated
▪ Errors are often baked into the schedule, and difficult to diagnose and correct.
▪ Substantial up-charge is passed on to the customer
• Economical for large projects
• Not practical for small projects
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▪ Collect obstruction information
onsite with calibrated camera.
▪ Remap pixes to angular
coordinates
▪ Identify sky vs. obstruction
▪ Query with sun position
Photographic Obstruction Maps
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Calibrated Camera (Prototype)
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▪ 180° Fisheye lens
▪ Black shroud for
positioning
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Accelerometer
▪ Accelerometer to correct for crooked hand
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Lens distortion
▪ Angular calibration to correct for lens
distortion
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▪ X-axis:• azimuth angle
• projected into horizontal plane
▪ Y-axis:• profile angle
• projected into vertical plane
▪ Lines that are orthonormal to the direction of view are straight lines in the orthonormal projection.
‘Orthonormal Pseudocylindrical’ Projection
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Image Plane0°
+90°
-90°-90° 0° +90°
Azimuth
Pro
file
Angle
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‘Orthonormal Pseudocylindrical’ Projection
Equirectangular Projection Orthonormal Projection
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Re-projection
▪ Fisheye to orthonormal projection
▪ Straight Line = Pleasant!
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Equirectangular…
Equirectangular
▪ Not straight line = awkward
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Trace Visible Sky
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Now it’s an angular obstruction map!
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Validation
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▪ Predicted time:
7:39
▪ Actual time:
7:42
▪ Error of 3 minutes, 0.4°
Sun begins to shine on the window
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▪ Predicted time:
11:06
▪ Actual time:
11:03
▪ Error of 3 minutes, 0.7°
Sun ceases to shine on the window
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▪ A calibrated camera can be used to generate angular maps of exterior
obstructions
▪ The maps are thought to be accurate to within 1°, though validation is
ongoing.
▪ This method is economical for small projects.
Summary
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Example:
Paris Hotel
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Example:
New York City Office
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Example:
Los Angeles Office
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