photoelectrochemical performance of reduced graphene oxide/cadmium sulfide modified carbon cloth in...

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STRONGERIt is the most resistant &impermeable membrane ever.It is 200x stronger than steel. 1

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LIGHTERIt is 6x lighter than steel, extremely thin, transparent &bendable. 1

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FASTERElectron mobility is 70x fasterthan silicon and betterconductance. 1

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ENERGYCOMPUTINGENGINEERINGHEALTH

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ENERGYCOMPUTINGENGINEERINGHEALTH

ENERGY

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SKAM 2015Photoelectrochemical Performance of

Reduced Graphene Oxide/Cadmium SulfideModified Carbon Cloth in Copper(II) Detection

FOO CHUAN YIMaterial Science Chemist

Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of Science

UPM

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INTRODUCTION

Solar energy

Electro-chemicalenergy

Photovoltaicdevices

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) measurement is implemented in developing techniques for sensing platforms because of its

Low processing cost 2

Simple instrumentation 2

Accurate miniaturization method 3

PHOTOELECTROCHEMISTRY

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Narrow Band gap (2.39eV) 4

SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALSTraditional synthesis method of cadmium sulfide (CdS) involve

CdS

EffectiveLight

harvestingmedia 5

Excellent Charge separation

properties 6

INTRODUCTION

DC sputtering 7

Sonochemical treatment 7

Chemical bath deposition 7

Aerosol-assisted Chemical vapor deposition

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SYNTHESIS OF CdS NANOPARTICLESMETHODOLOGY

Cadmium acetate (0.05M)Thiourea (0.1M)Methanol

Atomizer

450oC for 60 min.

Reaction Chamber

Argon gasCdS/CC

RESULTSFESEM IMAGES ON CARBON CLOTH

Carbon cloth fiber

CdSnanoparticl

es EDX analysis

CdSnanoparticl

es

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RESULTSPHOTOCURRENT INTENSITIES

CdSnanoparticl

es

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250 CdS/CC

Elapse times (s)

Phot

ocur

rent

(A)

83 ALight

offLight on

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SYNTHESIS OF CdS/rGO/CCMETHODOLOGY

Graphite Oxide(0.8 mg/mL)

CdS/CC

ReducedGraphene

Oxide (rGO)

Thermal annealingat 200oC

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SYNTHESIS OF CdS/rGO/CCMETHODOLOGY

Graphite Oxide(0.8 mg/mL)

CdS/CC

ReducedGraphene

Oxide (rGO)Thermal annealingat 200oC

CdSnanoparticl

es

EDX analysis

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PHOTOCURRENT INTENSITIESRESULTS

ReducedGraphene

Oxide (rGO)

CdSnanoparticl

es

0

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

CdS/CCCdS/rGO/CC

Elapse times (s)

Phot

ocur

rent

(A)

Light on

Light off206 A

240%

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Sufficient interfacial contact

Max. electron conductivity

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RAMAN SPECTRA OF GO and rGORESULTS

Reduction of GO to rGO using thermal method shows that

2D peak of rGO is higher than GO

Intensity ratio of D and G band (ID/IG) of GO and rGO were 1.00 and 1.12, respectively.

Thermal treatment cause drastically structural defects which attribute to the evolution of COx (x=1,2). 8

Removing the O lead to better connectivity through the formation of new sp2 cluster. 8

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SCHEMATIC ILLUSTRATIONRESULTS

The enhance efficiency of the CdS/rGO/CC could be due to

Intimate integration with carbon cloth

Facilitate charge separation and transportBridging effect

LINEAR SCAN VOLTAMOGRAM RESULTS

-5.00E-025.92E-02 1.69E-01 2.79E-01 3.89E-010

50

100

150

200

250

300

ON-OFF OFF ON

Potential (V)

Phot

ocur

rent

(A)

-2.00E-01-4.02E-02 1.20E-01 2.80E-01 4.40E-010

50

100

150

200

250

300

ON-OFF OFF ON

Potential (V)Ph

otoc

urre

nt (

A)

CdS/CC CdS/rGO/CC

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ELECTRON IMPEDANCE SPECTRARESULTS

-5.00E-024.54E-02 1.40E-01 2.36E-01 3.31E-01 4.27E-010

50

100

150

200

250

300

CdS/CC CdS/rGO/CC

Potential (V)

Phot

ocur

rent

(A)

62%

Recombinant resistance of CdS/rGO/CC was significantly lower than CdS/CC

Smaller diffusion resistance

Intimate integration of rGO with CdS

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APPLICATION

Photoelectrochemical Sensor for Copper (II) ion Detection

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APPLICATIONPHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL SENSING

-50

0

50

100

150

200

Elapse times (s)

Phot

ocur

rent

(A)

Light on

Light off 0.0 M 1.0 M

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RESULTSSCHEMATIC ILLUSTRATION OF Cu DETECTION

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RESULTSLINEAR DETECTION RANGE AND LIMITS

No

.

Detection method LDR* LOD** Ref.

1 Photoluminesence 0.0–10.0 M 0.50 M

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    0.001–3.0 M 0.50 nM

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2 Electrochemiluminesence

0.1–10.0 M 20.0 nM

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3 Fluoresence 0.1–5.0 M 0.02 M

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    0.01–20.0 M 0.10 M

13

    7.5 nM–314.0 M

0.10 M

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4 Photoelectrochemical 1.0–38.0 M 0.55 M

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    0.1–1.0 M 0.04 M

This work

Comparison of proposed work with some typical detection methods for Cu 2+ using CdS materials.

* Linear Range of Detection** Limit of Detection

PEC approach in copper ion detection has rarely been reported.

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CONCLUSIONCdS/rGO/CC synthesized using AACVD method could produce significantly

high photocurrent at a relative low applied potential. By utilizing the phenomenon of metal sulfide formation, a sensitive and selective PEC

sensor was designed to detect trace amount of copper (II) ions.

This proposed method has several advantages which shows propitious application for other photovoltaic application

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REFERENCES1. Abergel, D. S. L., Apalkov, V., Berashevich, J., Ziegler, K., & Chakarborty, T. (2010). Properties of Graphene: A

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1477-1480.6. A. J. Nozik, Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 2002, 14, 115-120.7. Q. Shen, X. Zhao, S. Zhou, W. Hou and J.-J. Zhu, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011, 115, 17958-

17964.8. N.-J. Song, C.-M. Chen, C. Lu, Z. Liu, Q.-Q. Kong and R. Cai, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014, 2, 16563-16568.9. K. M. Gattas-Asfura and R. M. Leblanc, Chemical communications, 2003, DOI: 10.1039/b308991f, 2684.10.Y. Hao, L. Liu, Y. Long, J. Wang, Y.-N. Liu and F. Zhou, Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2013, 41, 723-729.11.J. Wang and X. Jiang, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2015, 207, Part A, 552-555.12.J. Chen, A. Zheng, Y. Gao, C. He, G. Wu, Y. Chen, X. Kai and C. Zhu, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and

Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2008, 69, 1044-1052.13.Y.-h. Zhang, H.-s. Zhang, X.-f. Guo and H. Wang, Microchemical Journal, 2008, 89, 142-147.14.K. Zhang, J. Guo, J. Nie, B. Du and D. Xu, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2014, 190, 279-287.15.F. Huang, F. Pu, X. Lu, H. Zhang, Y. Xia, W. Huang and Z. Li, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2013, 183,

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THANK YOU

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RESULTSPHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL SELECTIVITY TEST

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.1

-0.03458-0.015850.00227-0.04085-0.0141

0.01683

-0.03438

0.08688

-0.007920.00635

-0.01683

Intensity

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