phosphates (po4 3)

Phosphate as A Water Parameter

GROUP FIVE (5)

PHOSPHATES (PO4-3)• All living organism contain phosphorus.

Phosphorus is an important element of live as a component for cell membranes, as an energy source, and for other bio-chemical processes.

• Phosphate formation arise from a combination of this Phosphorus and Oxygen

• i.e. P + 4O PO4-3

• It is the backbone of Adenosine Tri-phosphate, or ATP, which is the very basic source of energy for all cellular work and a Chief component DNA our Identity

PHOSPHATES (PO4-3) cont.Phosphates exist in Three (3)

forms Orthophosphate Metaphosphate (Polyphosphate) Organically Bound PhosphateSources Of Phosphate In Water• Cultural Practices in agriculture

(Fertilizers, Pesticides application)• Natural sources ( Weathering of rocks

containing phosphorus• Decay of residual feed substances fed to

fish• Dead fish, fecal matter of fish, dying

algae.

Phosphorus Cycle

PHOSPHATES (PO4-3) cont.Test for Phosphate

• To test for the presence of phosphate you will use the cube kit that measures the most common form, orthophosphate or the color disk that determines orthophosphate and polyphosphate. A total phosphate kit measures all the three types.

• When test result shows levels of 1.0 ppm the condition become favorable for algae growth to start, at 2-3 ppm algae overgrowth rate is likely to occur.

• Ideal phosphate levels are 0.05 ppm or less.

PHOSPHATES (PO4-3) cont.Phosphate levels and its effectsTotal Phosphate Effects0.025 - 0.1 mg/L level at which plant growth is stimulated0.1 mg/L - maximum acceptable to avoid accelerated eutrophication > 0.1 mg/L accelerated growth and

consequent problems

PHOSPHATES (PO4-3) cont.Effects of Phosphate On Aquatic LifePhosphate stimulate the growth of phytoplankton and aquatic plants which provide food for larger organisms, including: zooplankton, fish, and other living aquatic organisms.Plankton represent the base of the food chain.  Initially this increased productivity will cause an increase in the fish population and overall biological diversity of the system.Eutrophication (from the Greek - meaning "well nourished")  is enhanced production of primary producers . This reduce stability of the ecosystem. 

PHOSPHATES (PO4-3) cont.Relationship between phosphate and other water parameters. Increasing Phosphate reduces dissolve

Oxygen content. Rate of increase of Phosphate is directly

proportional to turbidity. Increasing amount of phosphates

reduces pH making water more acidic. Rate of increase in Phosphate is directly

proportional to ammonia

PHOSPHATES (PO4-3) cont.How to Regulate Phosphate Levels in Ponds Addition of Alkaline earth metal (Be, Mg,

Ca) to Precipitate the phosphate i.e. 10 Ca2+ + 6 PO4

3- + 2 OH↔ Ca10(PO4)*6(OH)2

Repetitive water changes Addition of Chemicals e.g. Phosguard, Phos-

zorb, etc. The use of Poly – filter pads Tank cleaning

REFRENCEhttp://www.water-research.net/Watershed/phosphates.htm 4th March 4, 2012http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphate 4th March 4, 2012http://www.stevenswater.com/articles/waterparameters.aspx 3th March , 2012http://www.freedrinkingwater.com/water_quality/quality1/1-what-nitrate-and-phosphate-do.htm7th March , 2012http://www.indigo.com/test-strips/gph-test-strips/phosphate-test-strips.html 6th march, 2012

Thank You