petrobras magazine #60
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in discussionRENEWABLE ENERGIES
around the world
PERU, BIRTHPLACE OF PRE-COLUMBIAN CULTURE
Waste LandCINEMA AND SOCIAL
TRANSFORMATION
MOBILITYTRANSPORT, URBANIZATION, SUSTAINABILITY: ONE ROAD, MANY CHALLENGES
BRICs in focus: a conversation in
London with
JIM O’NEILLdeep
watersPRE-SALT AND THE FUTURE
Rio Municipal Theatre VIEWS OF A
CENTENARY THEATRE
researchTHE NEW GENERATION
OF BRAZILIAN SCIENTISTS#
60 | w
ww
.petrobras.co
m/m
agazine
n:[mobility] the act of being mobile.
To be within a world that turns incessantly.
It is movement; volubility; inconstancy; velocity.
READ_ the print version
WATCH_ the videos online
ACCESS_extra content on the website
INTERACT_ with the iPad version
SHARE_on social networks
#60 | www.petrobras.com/magazine
in discussionRENEWABLE ENERGIES
around the world
PERU, BIRTHPLACE OF PRE-COLUMBIAN CULTURE
Waste LandCINEMA AND SOCIAL
TRANSFORMATION
MOBILITYTRANSPORT, URBANIZATION, SUSTAINABILITY: ONE ROAD, MANY CHALLENGES
BRICs in focus: a conversation in
London with
JIM O’NEILLdeep
watersPRE-SALT AND THE FUTURE
Rio Municipal Theatre VIEWS OF A
CENTENARY THEATRE
researchTHE NEW GENERATION
OF BRAZILIAN SCIENTISTS
#60
| ww
w.petro
bras.com
/magazine
n:[mobility] the act of being mobile.
To be within a world that turns incessantly.
It is movement; volubility; inconstancy; velocity.
READ_ the print version
WATCH_ the videos online
ACCESS_extra content on the website
INTERACT_ with the iPad version
SHARE_on social networks
#60 | www.petrobras.com/magazine
Making of: Snapshots from the photo session which produced the cover images and from this edition’s main article
In London: Jim O’Neill (pictured left) receives our team in his office
In Peru: backstage scenes of the video which complements the Around the World section
EXECUTIVE MANAGER FOR CORPORATE COMMUNICATION_ WILSON SANTAROSA | INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION MANAGER_ IZEUSSE DIAS BRAGA JUNIOR | RELATIONSHIP MANAGER_ GILBERTO
PUIG | SPECIAL PROJECTS MANAGER_ PATRICIA DE MELLO DIAS | MULTIMEDIA MANAGER_ PATRICIA FRAGA DE CASTRO E SILVA | EDITOR AND COORDINATOR_ ESTEPHANI BEILER ZAVARISE | EDITORS_ CLAUDIA GISELE PERES MARTINS, ERIC MOREIRA SILVA, LEONARDO QUEIROZ DE SÁ,
VINICIUS BASTIANI, VIVIANE CASTRO DAVICO
editorial staff
ADRIANO FERREIRA LIMA_ SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY | EDUARDO GUTTERRES VILLELA_ EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION | JOSE CARLOS COELHO CIDADE_INTERNATIONAL AREA |
LINDINOR SÁ LARANGEIRA_DOWNSTREAM | LIZA RAMALHO ALBUQUERQUE_ RESEARCH CENTER | MARIO ADRIANO VIEIRA CAMPANILE_ CORPORATE IMAGE AND BRAND | MARIZA PELEGRINETI
LOURENCO GRYNSZPAN_ ENGINEERING | NILTON MARLUCIO DE ARRUDA_ HEALTH, SAFETY, ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THE ENVIRONMENT | ORLANDO COSTA GONÇALVES JUNIOR_ INVESTOR RELATIONS | PATRICIA ALVES DO REGO SILVA_STAFF RELATIONS | PAULA DE OLIVEIRA ALMADA MORAES_PRESS | SANDRA VASCONCELLOS CHAVES_GAS AND ENERGY | VALÉRIO TITO GAMA_
PETROBRAS BIOCOMBUSTÍVEL
#60 / 2011 - a quarterly publication by Petrobras Corporate Communication
www.petrobras.com/magazine
_MOBILITY
_TO OUR READERS We now present you the new Petrobras Magazine. A magazine produced especially for the reader who wants to understand the changes and challenges of
the world today, and the way in which Petrobras, the third largest energy company in the world (*), deals with them. Challenges that impact on the
future of the global economy, on the production of the energy that we use daily, on the growth of our business and on the commitment we make to the
environment and to society.
We want you to think of these challenges based on quality content, with depth, and enjoying
the pleasure of good reading. That is why we worked intensely on this new editorial and graphical project.
A project which values diversity of opinions; which shows text and images in the print edition, and complements them with video and podcasts,
infographics and other content on the company’s new global website – www.petrobras.com. A project which
is also present in new media, with the launch of the magazine application for the iPad.
All this is happening at a special moment in Petrobras’ history. This is a year of great prospects. Recently, we
overcame the challenges to reach the pre-salt layer at the bottom of the sea; and the world recognized our effort, investing solidly in the company’s stocks, consolidating the largest capitalization ever realized by a company on
the stock exchange.
We know that an integrated energy company is not just one that extracts oil from the depths of the ocean and brings energy to you, but also a company that relates
to its public in a transparent way. Therefore, our objective is to make Petrobras Magazine your reference
on the world of energy and our operations. We hope you enjoy the reading!
The Petrobras Magazine Team
(*) PFC Energy Ranking 2011
cove
r ph
oto:
Max
Mou
re /
ww
w.c
asa1
3.co
m.b
r
imag
e pr
oces
sing
: M
arc
Recc
o
than
ks to
Asi
cs, R
eser
va
how to enjoy the magazineiPad_
Interactivity, videos,
audio, photos and
unpublished texts
Web_
www.petrobras.com/
magazine: official
site with photos and
unpublished texts
facebook_
Updates, new content and
comments: facebook.com/
fanpagepetrobras
print magazine_
PUBLISHER_ FLAVIO ROZEMBLATT | CUSTOMER SERVICE DIRECTOR_ PALOMA BRAGANÇA DIRECTOR OF OPERATIONS_ GUSTAVO GUIMARÃES | DESIGN DIRECTOR_ CYNTHIA HOMSI CUSTOMER SERVICE_ JOANA FIGUEIREDO / CLARA BOTELHO | EDITOR_ MARCO ANTONIO
BARBOSA | REPORTERS_VINICIUS MEDEIROS / FERNANDO MIRAGAYA | DESIGNERS_ JOANA PETERSEN / TATHYANA RAUPP | DIGITAL ART DIRECTOR_ EDUARDO ARAUJO | WEB DESIGNER_ DIOGO ADIALA | WEB DEVELOPER_ MARCELO PAULA | VIDEO DESIGNERS_ GIZELLA WERNECK /
LIARA CASTRO | DIRECTOR OF PHOTOGRAPHY (VIDEO)_ STEFAN HESS | PROJECTS COORDINATOR_ CARLA UYARA | FINANCIAL MANAGER_ ROBERTA FERRAZ | REVISION_ PETER DOYLE
Petrobras Magazine is not sold. To request a subscription, information or to send letters or suggestions, contact the editorial staff: Petrobras/International Communication
Av. República do Chile, 65, sala 1001 • Rio de Janeiro – RJ | CEP: 20031-912 BrasilE-mail: petromag@petrobras.com.brWeb: www.petrobras.com/magazine
The partial or complete reproduction of the articles published herein is authorized by mentioning the source.©Copyright 2011 by Petrobras. Affiliated to the Brazilian Association of Business Communications
production
WWW.SELULOID.COM
Angola Rua Pedro Felix Machado, 51/2º andar – Luanda - 2665 ANGOLA | Tel: (244 2) 39 0330Argentina Av. Maipú, 1 - Buenos Aires – C1084ABA - ARGENTINA | Tel: (54 11) 4344-6072
Bolivia Av. Grigota, esquina Los Troncos, casi 4º anillo – casilla 6886 Santa Cruz de la Sierra – BOLIVIA| Tel: (591 3) 358 6030Chile Av. Cerro Colorado, 5240 - piso 14 / Região Metropolitana – Lãs Condes Santiago – CHILE| Tel: (00562) 328 4700
China Level 12th floor, units 21-25 - China World Tower 1 -JianGuoMenWai Avenue, Beijing - 100004 CHINA Tel: (86 10) 650 598 37 Colombia Carretera 7, 71/21 - Edifício Bancafe / torre B - 17º piso – Santa Fé de Bogotá / DC – COLOMBIA | Tel: (57 1) 313 5000Cuba Miramar Business Center – Edifício Beijing, Piso Nro.2, Oficina 216 – Avenida 3º, entre 76 e 78, Miramar – Municipio Playa, – Ciudad de La Havana, CUBA
Ecuador Esquina de Av. Amazonas N 39 123 y José Arízaga, Edificio Amazonas - Plaza, piso 5, Quito – ECUADOR | Tel: (592-2) 2985-300Iran 1st floor Amini Building - Anahita, nº 5 - Africa, Blvd.– Tehran - 19176433 67 - IRAN
Japan Tokyo Ginko Bldg. 5th floor, rooms 505/506 - Marunouchi, 1-3-1 – Chiyoda-ku – Tokyo- 100-0005 JAPAN| Tel: (813) 5218-1200Libya Al Fateh Tower, 2 - rooms 156 and 157 - Tripoli – LIBYA | Tel: (218 91) 215-0634
Mexico AVENIDA Paseo de la Reforma, 115, piso 11, oficina 1101 Colonia Lomas de Chapultepec - México/DF - 11000 MÉXICO| Tel: +52 (55) 30 67 91 00Nigeria Plot 98, Adeola Odeku Street - 5th Floor, Victoria Island Lagos – NIGERIA | Tel: (+234 1) 462-1300
Paraguay Avda. Aviadores del Chaco esq. Cañada., 2806/Edif. Petrobras San Jorge - Asunción – PARAGUAY| Tel: (595 21) 618 1592Peru Amador Merino Reyna, 285 piso 5 - San Isidro Lima – PERÚ | Tel: (51 1) 222 4455
Portugal Lagoas Park, Edifício 11/1º Norte - Porto Salvo – Oeiras - 2740-270 - PORTUGAL | Tel: (351 210) 992 845Singapore 8 EU Tong Sen Street #22-89, The Central, Singapore 059818 – SINGAPORE | Tel: (65) 6550 50 92
Tanzania Off Chole Road, Plot 1403/1A - Masaki Area – Dar Es Salaam - 31391 - TANZANIA | Tel: (255 22) 216 5676 The Netherlands Weenapoint, torrent A - Weena 722, 3e. Verdieping – 3014 DA - Rotterdam – THE NETHERLANDS | Tel: (31 010) 206-7000Turkey Iran Caddesi, Karum Is Merkezi, 5.Kat, F Asansoru, 427 / 21 - Kavaklidere Cankya – Ankara - 6680 - TURKEY| Tel: (90 312) 457 6222
United Kingdom 4th floor, 20 North Audley Street, London - W1K 6WL - UK | Tel: (44 0 20) 7535 1100 Uruguay Plaza Independência, 831 - piso 10, CP 11100 – Montevideo - URUGUAY| Tel: (598 2) 500-84-00
USA – Houston 10350 Richmond Avenue, Suíte 1400– Houston, TX - 77042 USA | Tel: (1 713) 808-2000USA – New York 570 Lexington, 43rd floor, New York -10022-6837 USA | Tel: (1 212) 829 1517
Venezuela Av. Venezuela del Rosal, Edificio Torre Lamaletto, piso 8 Caracas – VENEZUELA| Tel: (58 212) 957-7300
[1] max moure_ “I am really connected to sport and
movement. To capture the issue of urban mobility in images
was a creative task which interested me a lot.” [2] marc recco_ “To manipulate and rework the photo used on the cover
was challenging, comparable to the complexity of the theme.”
[3] gabriel gianordoli_ “To transform numbers into images
helps people see the significance and reveals
interesting points from the articles about mobility and pre-salt
exploration.” [4] felipe varanda_ “The Municipal Theatre
never seems to be the same, each time I return I see a detail
which has always been there and I had never noticed.” [5] carlos tautz_ “Today we are witnessing the development of a
generation of researchers who will contribute greatly to the
advancement of technology in Brazil.”
_we count on
[1]
[3] [4] [5]
[2]
Petrobras Magazine is not limited to paper. Boxes with this color, spread throughout the edition, indicate that there is extended content from the article in question, either on the internet (at our site www.petrobras.com/magazine) or the iPad version of the magazine. Our information reaches you in a dynamic way. The new Petrobras Magazine – interconnected and integrated. Interactive and current. Read. Access. Participate. Enjoy.
Making of: Snapshots from the photo session which produced the cover images and from this edition’s main article
In London: Jim O’Neill (pictured left) receives our team in his office
In Peru: backstage scenes of the video which complements the Around the World section
EXECUTIVE MANAGER FOR CORPORATE COMMUNICATION_ WILSON SANTAROSA | INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION MANAGER_ IZEUSSE DIAS BRAGA JUNIOR | RELATIONSHIP MANAGER_ GILBERTO
PUIG | SPECIAL PROJECTS MANAGER_ PATRICIA DE MELLO DIAS | MULTIMEDIA MANAGER_ PATRICIA FRAGA DE CASTRO E SILVA | EDITOR AND COORDINATOR_ ESTEPHANI BEILER ZAVARISE | EDITORS_ CLAUDIA GISELE PERES MARTINS, ERIC MOREIRA SILVA, LEONARDO QUEIROZ DE SÁ,
VINICIUS BASTIANI, VIVIANE CASTRO DAVICO
editorial staff
ADRIANO FERREIRA LIMA_ SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY | EDUARDO GUTTERRES VILLELA_ EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION | JOSE CARLOS COELHO CIDADE_INTERNATIONAL AREA |
LINDINOR SÁ LARANGEIRA_DOWNSTREAM | LIZA RAMALHO ALBUQUERQUE_ RESEARCH CENTER | MARIO ADRIANO VIEIRA CAMPANILE_ CORPORATE IMAGE AND BRAND | MARIZA PELEGRINETI
LOURENCO GRYNSZPAN_ ENGINEERING | NILTON MARLUCIO DE ARRUDA_ HEALTH, SAFETY, ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THE ENVIRONMENT | ORLANDO COSTA GONÇALVES JUNIOR_ INVESTOR RELATIONS | PATRICIA ALVES DO REGO SILVA_STAFF RELATIONS | PAULA DE OLIVEIRA ALMADA MORAES_PRESS | SANDRA VASCONCELLOS CHAVES_GAS AND ENERGY | VALÉRIO TITO GAMA_
PETROBRAS BIOCOMBUSTÍVEL
#60 / 2011 - a quarterly publication by Petrobras Corporate Communication
www.petrobras.com/magazine
_MOBILITY
_TO OUR READERS We now present you the new Petrobras Magazine. A magazine produced especially for the reader who wants to understand the changes and challenges of
the world today, and the way in which Petrobras, the third largest energy company in the world (*), deals with them. Challenges that impact on the
future of the global economy, on the production of the energy that we use daily, on the growth of our business and on the commitment we make to the
environment and to society.
We want you to think of these challenges based on quality content, with depth, and enjoying
the pleasure of good reading. That is why we worked intensely on this new editorial and graphical project.
A project which values diversity of opinions; which shows text and images in the print edition, and complements them with video and podcasts,
infographics and other content on the company’s new global website – www.petrobras.com. A project which
is also present in new media, with the launch of the magazine application for the iPad.
All this is happening at a special moment in Petrobras’ history. This is a year of great prospects. Recently, we
overcame the challenges to reach the pre-salt layer at the bottom of the sea; and the world recognized our effort, investing solidly in the company’s stocks, consolidating the largest capitalization ever realized by a company on
the stock exchange.
We know that an integrated energy company is not just one that extracts oil from the depths of the ocean and brings energy to you, but also a company that relates
to its public in a transparent way. Therefore, our objective is to make Petrobras Magazine your reference
on the world of energy and our operations. We hope you enjoy the reading!
The Petrobras Magazine Team
(*) PFC Energy Ranking 2011
cove
r ph
oto:
Max
Mou
re /
ww
w.c
asa1
3.co
m.b
r
imag
e pr
oces
sing
: M
arc
Recc
o
than
ks to
Asi
cs, R
eser
va
how to enjoy the magazineiPad_
Interactivity, videos,
audio, photos and
unpublished texts
Web_
www.petrobras.com/
magazine: official
site with photos and
unpublished texts
facebook_
Updates, new content and
comments: facebook.com/
fanpagepetrobras
print magazine_
PUBLISHER_ FLAVIO ROZEMBLATT | CUSTOMER SERVICE DIRECTOR_ PALOMA BRAGANÇA DIRECTOR OF OPERATIONS_ GUSTAVO GUIMARÃES | DESIGN DIRECTOR_ CYNTHIA HOMSI CUSTOMER SERVICE_ JOANA FIGUEIREDO / CLARA BOTELHO | EDITOR_ MARCO ANTONIO
BARBOSA | REPORTERS_VINICIUS MEDEIROS / FERNANDO MIRAGAYA | DESIGNERS_ JOANA PETERSEN / TATHYANA RAUPP | DIGITAL ART DIRECTOR_ EDUARDO ARAUJO | WEB DESIGNER_ DIOGO ADIALA | WEB DEVELOPER_ MARCELO PAULA | VIDEO DESIGNERS_ GIZELLA WERNECK /
LIARA CASTRO | DIRECTOR OF PHOTOGRAPHY (VIDEO)_ STEFAN HESS | PROJECTS COORDINATOR_ CARLA UYARA | FINANCIAL MANAGER_ ROBERTA FERRAZ | REVISION_ PETER DOYLE
Petrobras Magazine is not sold. To request a subscription, information or to send letters or suggestions, contact the editorial staff: Petrobras/International Communication
Av. República do Chile, 65, sala 1001 • Rio de Janeiro – RJ | CEP: 20031-912 BrasilE-mail: petromag@petrobras.com.brWeb: www.petrobras.com/magazine
The partial or complete reproduction of the articles published herein is authorized by mentioning the source.©Copyright 2011 by Petrobras. Affiliated to the Brazilian Association of Business Communications
production
WWW.SELULOID.COM
Angola Rua Pedro Felix Machado, 51/2º andar – Luanda - 2665 ANGOLA | Tel: (244 2) 39 0330Argentina Av. Maipú, 1 - Buenos Aires – C1084ABA - ARGENTINA | Tel: (54 11) 4344-6072
Bolivia Av. Grigota, esquina Los Troncos, casi 4º anillo – casilla 6886 Santa Cruz de la Sierra – BOLIVIA| Tel: (591 3) 358 6030Chile Av. Cerro Colorado, 5240 - piso 14 / Região Metropolitana – Lãs Condes Santiago – CHILE| Tel: (00562) 328 4700
China Level 12th floor, units 21-25 - China World Tower 1 -JianGuoMenWai Avenue, Beijing - 100004 CHINA Tel: (86 10) 650 598 37 Colombia Carretera 7, 71/21 - Edifício Bancafe / torre B - 17º piso – Santa Fé de Bogotá / DC – COLOMBIA | Tel: (57 1) 313 5000Cuba Miramar Business Center – Edifício Beijing, Piso Nro.2, Oficina 216 – Avenida 3º, entre 76 e 78, Miramar – Municipio Playa, – Ciudad de La Havana, CUBA
Ecuador Esquina de Av. Amazonas N 39 123 y José Arízaga, Edificio Amazonas - Plaza, piso 5, Quito – ECUADOR | Tel: (592-2) 2985-300Iran 1st floor Amini Building - Anahita, nº 5 - Africa, Blvd.– Tehran - 19176433 67 - IRAN
Japan Tokyo Ginko Bldg. 5th floor, rooms 505/506 - Marunouchi, 1-3-1 – Chiyoda-ku – Tokyo- 100-0005 JAPAN| Tel: (813) 5218-1200Libya Al Fateh Tower, 2 - rooms 156 and 157 - Tripoli – LIBYA | Tel: (218 91) 215-0634
Mexico AVENIDA Paseo de la Reforma, 115, piso 11, oficina 1101 Colonia Lomas de Chapultepec - México/DF - 11000 MÉXICO| Tel: +52 (55) 30 67 91 00Nigeria Plot 98, Adeola Odeku Street - 5th Floor, Victoria Island Lagos – NIGERIA | Tel: (+234 1) 462-1300
Paraguay Avda. Aviadores del Chaco esq. Cañada., 2806/Edif. Petrobras San Jorge - Asunción – PARAGUAY| Tel: (595 21) 618 1592Peru Amador Merino Reyna, 285 piso 5 - San Isidro Lima – PERÚ | Tel: (51 1) 222 4455
Portugal Lagoas Park, Edifício 11/1º Norte - Porto Salvo – Oeiras - 2740-270 - PORTUGAL | Tel: (351 210) 992 845Singapore 8 EU Tong Sen Street #22-89, The Central, Singapore 059818 – SINGAPORE | Tel: (65) 6550 50 92
Tanzania Off Chole Road, Plot 1403/1A - Masaki Area – Dar Es Salaam - 31391 - TANZANIA | Tel: (255 22) 216 5676 The Netherlands Weenapoint, torrent A - Weena 722, 3e. Verdieping – 3014 DA - Rotterdam – THE NETHERLANDS | Tel: (31 010) 206-7000Turkey Iran Caddesi, Karum Is Merkezi, 5.Kat, F Asansoru, 427 / 21 - Kavaklidere Cankya – Ankara - 6680 - TURKEY| Tel: (90 312) 457 6222
United Kingdom 4th floor, 20 North Audley Street, London - W1K 6WL - UK | Tel: (44 0 20) 7535 1100 Uruguay Plaza Independência, 831 - piso 10, CP 11100 – Montevideo - URUGUAY| Tel: (598 2) 500-84-00
USA – Houston 10350 Richmond Avenue, Suíte 1400– Houston, TX - 77042 USA | Tel: (1 713) 808-2000USA – New York 570 Lexington, 43rd floor, New York -10022-6837 USA | Tel: (1 212) 829 1517
Venezuela Av. Venezuela del Rosal, Edificio Torre Lamaletto, piso 8 Caracas – VENEZUELA| Tel: (58 212) 957-7300
[1] max moure_ “I am really connected to sport and
movement. To capture the issue of urban mobility in images
was a creative task which interested me a lot.” [2] marc recco_ “To manipulate and rework the photo used on the cover
was challenging, comparable to the complexity of the theme.”
[3] gabriel gianordoli_ “To transform numbers into images
helps people see the significance and reveals
interesting points from the articles about mobility and pre-salt
exploration.” [4] felipe varanda_ “The Municipal Theatre
never seems to be the same, each time I return I see a detail
which has always been there and I had never noticed.” [5] carlos tautz_ “Today we are witnessing the development of a
generation of researchers who will contribute greatly to the
advancement of technology in Brazil.”
_we count on
[1]
[3] [4] [5]
[2]
Petrobras Magazine is not limited to paper. Boxes with this color, spread throughout the edition, indicate that there is extended content from the article in question, either on the internet (at our site www.petrobras.com/magazine) or the iPad version of the magazine. Our information reaches you in a dynamic way. The new Petrobras Magazine – interconnected and integrated. Interactive and current. Read. Access. Participate. Enjoy.
Making of: Snapshots from the photo session which produced the cover images and from this edition’s main article
In London: Jim O’Neill (pictured left) receives our team in his office
In Peru: backstage scenes of the video which complements the Around the World section
EXECUTIVE MANAGER FOR CORPORATE COMMUNICATION_ WILSON SANTAROSA | INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION MANAGER_ IZEUSSE DIAS BRAGA JUNIOR | RELATIONSHIP MANAGER_ GILBERTO
PUIG | SPECIAL PROJECTS MANAGER_ PATRICIA DE MELLO DIAS | MULTIMEDIA MANAGER_ PATRICIA FRAGA DE CASTRO E SILVA | EDITOR AND COORDINATOR_ ESTEPHANI BEILER ZAVARISE | EDITORS_ CLAUDIA GISELE PERES MARTINS, ERIC MOREIRA SILVA, LEONARDO QUEIROZ DE SÁ,
VINICIUS BASTIANI, VIVIANE CASTRO DAVICO
editorial staff
ADRIANO FERREIRA LIMA_ SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY | EDUARDO GUTTERRES VILLELA_ EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION | JOSE CARLOS COELHO CIDADE_INTERNATIONAL AREA |
LINDINOR SÁ LARANGEIRA_DOWNSTREAM | LIZA RAMALHO ALBUQUERQUE_ RESEARCH CENTER | MARIO ADRIANO VIEIRA CAMPANILE_ CORPORATE IMAGE AND BRAND | MARIZA PELEGRINETI
LOURENCO GRYNSZPAN_ ENGINEERING | NILTON MARLUCIO DE ARRUDA_ HEALTH, SAFETY, ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THE ENVIRONMENT | ORLANDO COSTA GONÇALVES JUNIOR_ INVESTOR RELATIONS | PATRICIA ALVES DO REGO SILVA_STAFF RELATIONS | PAULA DE OLIVEIRA ALMADA MORAES_PRESS | SANDRA VASCONCELLOS CHAVES_GAS AND ENERGY | VALÉRIO TITO GAMA_
PETROBRAS BIOCOMBUSTÍVEL
#60 / 2011 - a quarterly publication by Petrobras Corporate Communication
www.petrobras.com/magazine
_MOBILITY
_TO OUR READERS We now present you the new Petrobras Magazine. A magazine produced especially for the reader who wants to understand the changes and challenges of
the world today, and the way in which Petrobras, the third largest energy company in the world (*), deals with them. Challenges that impact on the
future of the global economy, on the production of the energy that we use daily, on the growth of our business and on the commitment we make to the
environment and to society.
We want you to think of these challenges based on quality content, with depth, and enjoying
the pleasure of good reading. That is why we worked intensely on this new editorial and graphical project.
A project which values diversity of opinions; which shows text and images in the print edition, and complements them with video and podcasts,
infographics and other content on the company’s new global website – www.petrobras.com. A project which
is also present in new media, with the launch of the magazine application for the iPad.
All this is happening at a special moment in Petrobras’ history. This is a year of great prospects. Recently, we
overcame the challenges to reach the pre-salt layer at the bottom of the sea; and the world recognized our effort, investing solidly in the company’s stocks, consolidating the largest capitalization ever realized by a company on
the stock exchange.
We know that an integrated energy company is not just one that extracts oil from the depths of the ocean and brings energy to you, but also a company that relates
to its public in a transparent way. Therefore, our objective is to make Petrobras Magazine your reference
on the world of energy and our operations. We hope you enjoy the reading!
The Petrobras Magazine Team
(*) PFC Energy Ranking 2011
cove
r ph
oto:
Max
Mou
re /
ww
w.c
asa1
3.co
m.b
r
imag
e pr
oces
sing
: M
arc
Recc
o
than
ks to
Asi
cs, R
eser
va
how to enjoy the magazineiPad_
Interactivity, videos,
audio, photos and
unpublished texts
Web_
www.petrobras.com/
magazine: official
site with photos and
unpublished texts
facebook_
Updates, new content and
comments: facebook.com/
fanpagepetrobras
print magazine_
PUBLISHER_ FLAVIO ROZEMBLATT | CUSTOMER SERVICE DIRECTOR_ PALOMA BRAGANÇA DIRECTOR OF OPERATIONS_ GUSTAVO GUIMARÃES | DESIGN DIRECTOR_ CYNTHIA HOMSI CUSTOMER SERVICE_ JOANA FIGUEIREDO / CLARA BOTELHO | EDITOR_ MARCO ANTONIO
BARBOSA | REPORTERS_VINICIUS MEDEIROS / FERNANDO MIRAGAYA | DESIGNERS_ JOANA PETERSEN / TATHYANA RAUPP | DIGITAL ART DIRECTOR_ EDUARDO ARAUJO | WEB DESIGNER_ DIOGO ADIALA | WEB DEVELOPER_ MARCELO PAULA | VIDEO DESIGNERS_ GIZELLA WERNECK /
LIARA CASTRO | DIRECTOR OF PHOTOGRAPHY (VIDEO)_ STEFAN HESS | PROJECTS COORDINATOR_ CARLA UYARA | FINANCIAL MANAGER_ ROBERTA FERRAZ | REVISION_ PETER DOYLE
Petrobras Magazine is not sold. To request a subscription, information or to send letters or suggestions, contact the editorial staff: Petrobras/International Communication
Av. República do Chile, 65, sala 1001 • Rio de Janeiro – RJ | CEP: 20031-912 BrasilE-mail: petromag@petrobras.com.brWeb: www.petrobras.com/magazine
The partial or complete reproduction of the articles published herein is authorized by mentioning the source.©Copyright 2011 by Petrobras. Affiliated to the Brazilian Association of Business Communications
production
WWW.SELULOID.COM
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Japan Tokyo Ginko Bldg. 5th floor, rooms 505/506 - Marunouchi, 1-3-1 – Chiyoda-ku – Tokyo- 100-0005 JAPAN| Tel: (813) 5218-1200Libya Al Fateh Tower, 2 - rooms 156 and 157 - Tripoli – LIBYA | Tel: (218 91) 215-0634
Mexico AVENIDA Paseo de la Reforma, 115, piso 11, oficina 1101 Colonia Lomas de Chapultepec - México/DF - 11000 MÉXICO| Tel: +52 (55) 30 67 91 00Nigeria Plot 98, Adeola Odeku Street - 5th Floor, Victoria Island Lagos – NIGERIA | Tel: (+234 1) 462-1300
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[1] max moure_ “I am really connected to sport and
movement. To capture the issue of urban mobility in images
was a creative task which interested me a lot.” [2] marc recco_ “To manipulate and rework the photo used on the cover
was challenging, comparable to the complexity of the theme.”
[3] gabriel gianordoli_ “To transform numbers into images
helps people see the significance and reveals
interesting points from the articles about mobility and pre-salt
exploration.” [4] felipe varanda_ “The Municipal Theatre
never seems to be the same, each time I return I see a detail
which has always been there and I had never noticed.” [5] carlos tautz_ “Today we are witnessing the development of a
generation of researchers who will contribute greatly to the
advancement of technology in Brazil.”
_we count on
[1]
[3] [4] [5]
[2]
Petrobras Magazine is not limited to paper. Boxes with this color, spread throughout the edition, indicate that there is extended content from the article in question, either on the internet (at our site www.petrobras.com/magazine) or the iPad version of the magazine. Our information reaches you in a dynamic way. The new Petrobras Magazine – interconnected and integrated. Interactive and current. Read. Access. Participate. Enjoy.
14
_INTERVIEWA conversation in London with the father of the BRICs
_NEWSThe latest
news about Petrobras
_BUSINESSPre-salt reserves drive Petrobras’ growth
_GLOBAL CHALLENGE:MOBILITY Alternatives for urban transport in the 21st century
_IN DISCUSSIONDavid Renné and the future
of renewable energies
ILLU
STR
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_AROUND THE WORLD: PERU Where the Inca legacy meets modernity
_TECHNOLOGYThe emergence of an advanced technological pole in the energy sector in Brazil
_ESSAYThe renovated Rio de Janeiro
Municipal Theatre reveals itself to our camera
_OVERVIEWWhere and how Petrobras operates around the world
_CULTUREWaste Land:
cinema and social transformation
CONTENTS#60 _MOBILITY
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6 petrobras magazine
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CREATOR OF THE ACRONYM BRIC, the English economist
spoke to Petrobras Magazine in London about DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, Brazil’s challenges and the global energy market
6 petrobras magazine
petrobras magazine 7
audio_
Hear excerpts of the interview
at www.petrobras.com/
magazine and on the iPad
version
O’Neill against the urban sky-line of Hong Kong: anticipating the paths of the world economy
Jim O’ NEILLBY VINICIUS MEDEIROS AND ESTEPHANI ZAVARISE PHOTOS MIGUEL A. FONTA
petrobras magazine 7
interview
8 petrobras magazine
fter creating the BRIC concept in 2001 – the acronym that associates Brazil, Russia, India and China, developing countries with distinctive cultural, political and geographical traits but also presenting accelerated degrees of economic growth — economist Jim O’Neill was elevated to the condition of “oracle” on the future of the global economy. By coining the term that would be adopted by everybody as being synonymous with developing nations presenting low investment risks, tagging them as being fundamental for the world economy, he had a major impact on the international financial establishment.
Anybody who enters the headquarters of the Goldman Sachs Asset Management investment bank in London will get the impression that he or she has somehow arrived at many different places at precisely the same time. Simultaneously, there one breathes the fluctuations of the world’s various stock exchanges: the atmosphere of Tokyo, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Frankfurt, São Paulo and New York. From the heart of the London financial center, O’Neill, who is chairman of the bank that is specialized in financial planning and investment strategies for high income individuals and companies, customarily issues his opinions about the global economy — always focused on the four countries which have made him renowned worldwide.
An invitation to a traditional late afternoon English tea was the starting point for an animated conversation with O’Neill, a native of Manchester who is crazy about soccer and fanatical about the most popular team in his home city (Manchester United, present in innumerable photos on display in the economist’s office). Relaxed and at ease, he spoke with Petrobras Magazine about his new wagers on the global economy, the prospects for Brazil and the energy market, without forgetting to comment on his sports passions.
AMy bet continues
to be on the BRICs. If there is going to be one big story of the next decade,
it will be about the
CONSUMPTION OF THESE NATIONS”
petrobras magazine 9
interview
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After the creation of the acronym “BRIC” in 2001, you and
your team identified another 11 countries with good potential
for economic growth, called the “Next Eleven.” This time,
your bet was centered on four of these 11 countries: Mexico,
Indonesia, South Korea and Turkey. Why have these countries
been able to pull away from the rest of the pack?
Jim O’Neill: I identified these four countries, alongside the BRICs, as countries that were economically strong enough not to be considered “emerging.” Today, I prefer to call them “growing markets.” Many similarities link the eight nations: large populations, a considerable level of development, economic success and seriousness regarding business dealings, which makes them good safe havens for investors in search of liquidity. These are the characteristics that distinguish them from the other emerging countries. For example, on an individual basis all of them represent at least 1% of the world GDP. Let’s look at the example of South Korea, which has one of the highest levels of education and use of technology. It is almost an insult to consider it an emerging country. Nevertheless, all of these nations still need to convince investors to no longer treat them as such.
In the last decade, besides coining the acronym BRIC, you
also predicted the decline of the dollar against the euro
and other important international currencies. Previously,
during the 1990s, you anticipated the appreciation of the
yen on the international markets. After getting it right
so many times, what are your next wagers regarding the
world economy?
Jim O’Neill: My bet continues to be on the BRICs and, mainly, their consumers. If there will be one big story of the next decade, it will be about the consumption of these nations. What is certain is that we no longer live in a world dominated by American consumers, but by the BRIC consumers. Recently, I heard a story that confirms this: the Louis Vuitton store in Paris slapped on a purchase limit because of the heavy presence of Chinese tourists. Stores on Madison Avenue, in New York, are seeking employees who speak Portuguese fluently to attend to Brazilians. A few weeks ago I was in South Beach in Miami (USA), and I was amazed to see so many Brazilians there. I only heard Portuguese around me… Therefore, this proves that we are entering a new phase.
In your opinion, what will be Brazil’s role in the global
economy in the upcoming years?
Jim O’Neill: With regard to Brazil, I believe that we are in an interesting year. During its first decade as a BRIC, Brazil underwent difficulties during the first five years and emerged
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10 petrobras magazine
The economist in his office at the London headquarters of Goldman Sachs Asset Management:
Manchester United photos on the walls
just fine, and now is doing very well economically speaking. As an investor, I believe that one must observe and wait. The explanation is simple: President Luis Inácio Lula da Silva, who in my opinion was probably the main political leader of the G-20 over the past decade, has just left government. And substituting him is not an easy task. The mission is as hard as substituting Alex Ferguson as the coach of Manchester United (laughter). However, Brazil is a fantastic country, blessed with a good climate and various sources of renewable energy. Previously, one bet on Australia as the country of the future; however, Brazil has all the conditions needed for growth and to become an even stronger power.
In this regard, what are the main
challenges for the new president,
Dilma Rousseff?
Jim O’Neill: Her biggest challenge, apparently, is the simplest: to maintain the success that has been attained over the past few years. Brazil became a new country in the past decade, particularly regarding the task of maintaining inflation at a stable level. I was once in São Paulo to participate in a conference together with economist Paulo Lamy and he told me that the inflation projected for that year would be the same as when he was a young man. This is incredible! One must remember that the current good moment came about in part because of the administration of (former Brazilian president) Fernando Henrique Cardoso and my good friend Armínio Fraga (director of the Central Bank during the administration of Fernando Henrique), but the results were actually transformed into reality during the government of Lula.
4
A prize for the public offerCompleted in November 2010, the most recent capitalization of Petrobras resulted in a capital increase from R$ 120.249 billion to R$ 373.76 billion. The largest IPO worldwide has also secured an international prize for the company. In March, the magazine Latin Lawyer, important publication on business and corporate law in Latin America, granted Petrobras the Latin Lawyer Deal of the Year Award in the category “Corporate Finance”. According to the publication, the offer was organized and performed in an unprecedented way and managed with excellence.
petrobras magazine 11
interview
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Therefore, Dilma’s major challenge is to guarantee that this continues, because Brazil has a terrible economic history. Another point that should be noted is foreign exchange. I have friends in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo who visit me in London and find the cost of living here very low. No other citizen in the world would share this opinion. The Brazilian real currency is very strong and this causes problems for Brazilian industry, and could yet weaken the power of the Central Bank. Nevertheless, control of inflation is vital.
How could the recent discoveries
of major oil reserves on the
Brazilian coast influence the
Brazilian economy?
Jim O’Neill: Sincerely, I don’t know. At first glance, it seems exciting. But Brazil must be very careful. Will the discoveries leverage the country? Perhaps yes, perhaps not. If we look back over 100 years, the majority of the successful world economies were not tied to commodities. One of the things that I closely follow is the performance of Petrobras. What happens to the company will be very important (for the economy of Brazil). Speaking in generic terms, I believe that the Brazilian government seems to be quite wise to help Petrobras with its investments, because, in this very complex world, the purely private companies will not invest capital at the level that Petrobras is investing. Therefore, this seems to me to be a very smart move.
What’s your evaluation of how
the crisis in the Middle East could
affect the energy industry in the
short, medium and long terms?
Jim O’Neill: (laughter) I’ve been in the market for 30 years and I’ve learned some of my predictions do not come true. At the same time, I have a Ph.D in oil. But I have concluded that making predictions about the price of a barrel of oil is close to insanity. Today, what really influences the price of oil on the international markets is the Chinese economy, and not what happens in the Middle East. At this moment, many analysts are writing about this subject with a great degree of confidence. But I believe there is a great possibility that they are all wrong. In theory, however, because of the stability of Brazilian policies, the scenario is promising — mainly in the short and medium term. A recent article in the Financial Times written by a former executive of British Petroleum (BP) discusses the topic, arguing that there are many reserves in politically unstable regions, which favors Brazil. Over the long term, everything depends on Petrobras’ success. Furthermore, the situation can change in the Middle East. I’m quite anxious to see what is going to happen in Egypt (after an ebullient
BRAZIL is a fantastic country, blessed with a good climate and various sources of renewable energy. The country has all
the conditions needed
for GROWTH and to become an even
STRONGER POWER”
7
And can these discoveries
increase the importance of Brazil
in the global economy?
Jim O’Neill: They already have. Petrobras recently issued shares and investors from around the world wanted a piece of the company. If I’m not mistaken, it was the largest issue ever conducted in the world (a record amount of R$ 120 billion was obtained). Therefore, the discoveries already have, in a certain manner, changed the position of Brazil with regard to global investors and also the role of Brazil in the world energy industry.
12 petrobras magazine
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political process that culminated with the fall of Hosni Mubarak in February after 30 years in power, the Egyptian army reported it will hold parliamentary elections in September). In the past, I never thought that the Middle East and North Africa would be good economic bets. However, if we analyze the fact that the region has a population of 400 million people, the double of Brazil, there is major unexploited potential, with chances of seeing a new BRIC.
Do you believe that the increasing pressure by society
for a more sustainable energy model could lead to
major changes in the energy industry, especially
regarding safety issues?
Jim O’Neill: The case of BP in the Gulf of Mexico and all of the repercussions that were caused are good examples. There are other locations where the environmental risks for exploration are quite substantial. That is where the big challenge for the industry can be found. Therefore, I believe that the private companies are not the ideal organizations to resolve the world energy problem. I say this because not only does it require enormous amounts of capital but involves human and environmental risks. Should private companies take that responsibility (to solve the world energy problem)? Once again, I think this represents a good opportunity for Petrobras.
Regarding energy matrixes, in what direction do you
think the industry is going?
Jim O’Neill: Let’s look again at the five-year economic plan that has been prepared by China. Prime Minister Wen Jiabao announced a target of 7% growth per year (which is less than the average of the last few years), and the reason for this involved both energy and environmental issues. I visit China frequently and I have seen the transformation of the cities, which continue to be polluted, even outside of the large metropolitan areas. Nevertheless, there is a movement towards change. I can see that the Chinese are concerned. The five-year plan also shows great interest in alternative energy sources. I believe that the wind, solar and obviously biofuel markets have major potential for growth during the decade, and Brazil also could be a beneficiary of this.
Which has the best potential among these energy
sources, in your opinion?
Jim O’Neill: I’m not a specialist in this matter, but I believe that all have good potential. Despite a negative
One of the things that I closely follow is the performance
of Petrobras. The company recently issued shares and investors from around the
world wanted a piece of the company.
The DISCOVERIES (OF PRE-SALT) have already, in a certain way, changed the
position of Brazil with regard to global investors and also the role of the country in the world
ENERGY industry”
petrobras magazine 13
interview
Astute observer of the global economy, O’Neill jokes about his supposed
clairvoyance: “I have already learned that some of my predictions will not come true”
history, nuclear energy could be adjusted for some countries, as could hydroelectric power, as we see in Brazil. I believe the solar power matrix is also a good bet. China, for example, is investing heavily in this sector, building large solar projects near Mongolia, as well as in the neighboring country itself. It is clear that today these energy sources are not cheap. However, the tendency is for constant innovation that will change this situation. Changing the subject, what about the
next World Cup that will be in Brazil?
Jim O’Neill: I expect to receive an invitation to spend the four weeks of the World Cup there… generally, people think I’m an expert on Brazil, but that is not the truth. I’ve
only been to the country six times, always between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. Anyway, analyzing the legacy for the nation and the stage in which it is currently found, I feel that the competition is an excellent opportunity for Brazil to reduce its notorious infrastructure bottlenecks, mainly in the cities outside of the Rio-São Paulo axis.
As a football fan, is it your dream
to see a final between Brazil and
England?
Jim O’Neill: (big laugh) No, England doesn’t have a good team. And furthermore, if we remember the times the two teams have played in World Cups, Brazil became the champion; we wouldn’t have the slightest chance.
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14 petrobras magazine14 petrobras magazine
_David S. Renné Born in the United States, Renée currently is the president of theInternational Solar Energy Society (Ises), an organization devoted to the research and prospecting of renewable energy sources, with emphasis on solar power. It has developed initiatives linked to solar, wind and water energy together with the United Nations and the U.S. government and is a project leader at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
petrobras magazine 15
We are seeing a significant
TRANSFORMATION of the
ROLE of ENERGY IN OUR SOCIETY.
We need to establish secure, economic and environmentally responsible sources of energy for
the future, options that take advantage of unlimited and renewable resources. Many companies already benefit from the new clean energy
opportunities, being guided by this transformation. Brazil is a country that is blessed with an abundance of renewable energy, and that successfully uses water resources to generate electricity, as
well as employing biofuels as clean and renewable solutions for transportation. In the country, there is enormous flexibility for expanding the supply of clean energy, exploiting technology in the field of wind, solar and other sources of power. With policies that are adjusted to financing incentives and mechanisms, Brazilian industrial companies and the country’s overall economy are prepared to reap excellent benefits from this global transformation. Around the world, the technical and economic potential of solar, wind, water and other renewable energy sources by far outpace current demand for power. Now, the new situation that is emerging as a result of governmental policies, technological discoveries and financial conditions must be faced to allow us to take full advantage of these abundant energy options. Nevertheless, there are many crucial barriers that must be overcome so that we can expand this field. For example, the infrastructure necessary to support these systems, such as nationwide networks capable of sustaining, at a reasonable cost, the large penetration of various different resources; a well-trained and growing labor force; adequate regulatory procedures; greater efficiency on the part of consumers; and wider acceptance of the general public and companies. All of these factors are critical on the
road to clean and renewable sources of energy. Innovative technologies in the field of energy have had success in the marketplace, thanks to a variety of positive factors: the growth
of sales, which reduces costs through a very favorable “learning curve” (estimated at about 20% over the past three decades); continuous improvements in system
efficiencies, which reduces the cost per KW/h produced; innovative business models that take advantage of the unique financing opportunities;
and, perhaps most important, favorable official policies that offer an attractive business environment for projects
in this segment.
in discussion
petrobras magazine 15
Energy in transformation
BY DAVID S. RENNÉ PHOTO ANDRÉ VALENTIM
16 petrobras magazine
PETROBRAS BEGINS operations in Benin, Africa
In February, Petrobras acquired a 50%
share in Block 4 off the coast of the West
African country of Benin. The area in
question measures approximately 7,400
square kilometers, in waters between
200 and 3,000 meters deep, at an average
distance of 60 km off the coast.
It is expected that light petroleum will be
found there, in keeping with the pattern
of discoveries made in other exploratory
activities on the African continent. The
company already operates in countries
such as Angola, Libya, Namibia, Nigeria
and Tanzania.
Exploration will be undertaken in partnership
with the Compagnie Béninoise des
Hydrocarbures (CBH), a subsidiary of Lusitania
Petroleum which holds the other 50% of the
rights to the area and continues as operator
of the asset. Petrobras, however, has the
right to assume control of the operation.
The company will carry out acquisition
and processing operations of 2,250 square
kilometers of seismic 3D data this year. Once
the exploratory potential of the area has
been confirmed, the consortium will commit
to drilling three oil-wells.
Petrobras breaks the record for GASOLINE, AVIATION KEROSENE
AND ASPHALT SALES
In December of 2010, Petrobras
registered historic sales records of
gasoline and aviation kerosene in Brazil.
The company also broke production
and sales records in the asphalt
segment last year.
The amount of gasoline traded in the
last month of 2010 totaled 1.966 million
m³ (12,366,000 barrels/month or 399,000
a day), passing the previous record
from March of the same year, by 50,000
m³ (314,000 barrels). Contributors to
December’s record were the month’s
typical seasonal conditions and the
rise in hydrated ethanol prices since
mid-June, 2010, which helped gasoline
become the preferred fuel for owners
of flex-fuel vehicles in the majority of
Brazilian states. In 2010, Petrobras’ sales
of gasoline increased 17.8% in relation
to 2009.
As for the sales of gasoline and
aviation kerosene by Petrobras during
December of 2010, they totaled 585,450
m³ (119,000 barrels/day) in volume,
which represents an increase of 4.9%
on the previous record, registered in
July, 2010 (557,860 m³, or 117,000 barrels/
day). In 2010, there was a rise of 16.6%
in the Brazilian market of gasoline and
aviation kerosene when compared to
2009, a reflection of the growth in the
national economy.
In the asphalt segment, the good
results in 2010 were reached, above
all, due to the high demand for asphalt
binders, utilized mainly in infrastructure
works in Brazil. Asphalt production in
2010, reached the milestone of 2.763
million tons, exceeding 2009 totals
(2.097 million tons) by 32%. The main
increase occurred in the internal
market, whose sales hit 3 million tons,
43% more than in 2009.
Petrobras sells Petroleum Asphalt
Cement (PAC) and Diluted Petroleum
Asphalts (PDA) to distributors and to
the National Transport Infrastructure
Department (DNIT - Departamento
Nacional de Infraestrutura de
Transportes). These products are used
directly in road paving services or
are industrialized at the distributors’
factories.
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petrobras magazine 17
The road to Brazilian self-sufficiency in fertilizers was shortened in
March, when Petrobras, Companhia Energética de Minas Gerais
(Cemig) and the Minas Gerais State Government signed a Protocol
of Intentions for the construction of a Nitrogenous Fertilizer Unit
(UFN V), in the municipality of Uberaba.
The unit, which will also meet demand from the states of Goiás,
Mato Grosso and from part of São Paulo, will have the capacity
to produce 519,000 tons a year of ammonia and will consume
1,257,000 m³ of natural gas a day. Work will start in February, 2012,
with a scheduled conclusion date of December, 2014. US$ 1.3 billion
will be invested in the project, which forms part of the Brazilian
Government’s Accelerated Growth Program 2 (PAC 2).
Currently, Brazil is the fourth largest importer of fertilizers in the
world. With the implementation of UFN V, the country will become
self-sufficient in ammonia, which is the raw material used in the
production of mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP), a binary
fertilizer that contains phosphorus and nitrogen and is utilized
mainly in the cultivation of maize, sugar cane and coffee, among
other agricultural products.
The president of Brazil, Dilma Rousseff, who was present at the signing
of the Protocol of Intentions, highlighted the importance of the unit.
“We want to be self-sufficient in fertilizers by 2020, but even more than
that, we want access to this market as a producer and exporter.”
Currently, Brazil counts on two fertilizer factories which produce
urea and ammonia: FAFEN-BA, in Camaçari, in Bahia state, and
FAFEN-SE, in Laranjeiras, in the state of Sergipe. Together, they have
a production capacity of 1,056 tons of urea and a marketable excess
of 255,000 tons of ammonia. Besides UFN V, Petrobras is investing
in the construction of UFN III, in Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul,
and UFN IV in Linhares, Espírito Santo state, as well as the expansion
of FAFEN-SE which, as from January, 2013, will also produce
ammonium sulfate fertilizer.
PETROBRAS INVESTS in fertilizing units
news
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18 petrobras magazine
LNG transferring machinery at the Pecém Ship Transport Terminal
Implementation of a third LNG REGASIFICATION Terminal in BRAZIL announced
In March, Petrobras announced the
implementation of the Bahia Liquefied
Natural Gas Regasification Terminal
(TRBA), in the Northeast of Brazil. Work
on the complex, which will be capable
of regasifying 14 million m³ of liquefied
gas (LNG) a day, starts in March 2012.
The terminal should begin operation
in 2013. The investment, of USD 706
million, forms part of the Brazilian
Government’s Accelerated Growth
Program (PAC- Programa de Aceleração
do Crescimento).
The terminal will be installed in Baía de
Todos os Santos, in the state of Bahia,
and will be linked together with the gas
pipeline system at two points. It will even
make it possible to export gas to the
Southeast region, if necessary.
Today, Brazil already has LNG terminals
at Pecém, in Ceará state, with a
regasification capacity of 7 million m³/
day, and in Baía de Guanabara, in Rio
de Janeiro, with a 14 million m³/day
regasification capacity. From September,
2013, when the TRBA begins operations,
Brazil will have the capacity to regasify
35 million m³/day, a greater volume
than the 31 million m³/day of natural gas
currently imported from Bolivia.
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petrobras magazine 19
Petrobras Distribuidora enlarges lubricant factoryIn March, the subsidiary Petrobras
Distribuidora signed a contract for
the enlargement and modernization
of the lubricant factory located in
Duque de Caxias, in the state of Rio
de Janeiro. Latin America’s largest
industrial lubricant plant in a single
refinery, the unit will see its monthly
production capacity increase by
70%, taking the current 25,000 cubic
meters produced per month to up
to 42,000 m³. The work, scheduled to
finish by the end of 2012, will provide
new equipment for the lubricant
factory, a new grease production
line and a storage area, as well as the
incorporation of modern automation
and control systems, ensuring
greater efficiency and productivity at
the plant.
Multi-Form Ethanol Logistics System
news
The company Logum Logistics Inc.,
created to implement a multiform
logistics system for the transport and
storage of ethanol in Brazil, starts
operations at the end of 2012. Petrobras
holds 20% of the limited company,
which also includes, among its owners,
Copersucar S.A., Cosan S.A. Indústria
e Comércio and Odebrecht Transport
Participações S.A., each with 20%, as well
as Camargo Correa Óleo e Gás Inc. and
Uniduto Logística S.A., each owning 10%.
The company, founded in March, will
be responsible for the construction,
development and operation of a logistics,
loading, unloading, movement and stock,
and port and river terminal operations
system, which will involve polyducts
(multi-use pipelines), waterways,
highways and cabotage.
With investments of R$ 6 billion, the
Multi-Form Ethanol Logistics System will
extend across approximately 1,300 km
and 45 Brazilian cities, linking the principal
ethanol-producing regions in the states
of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Goiás and
Mato Grosso to the Petrobras refinery in
Paulínia, in São Paulo state. When finished,
the system will have the capacity to
transport up to 21 million cubic meters of
fuel per year. It will also make the process
of exporting the product run more
smoothly. At the moment, the majority of
the ethanol is transported to the ports by
heavy goods vehicles.
Transpetro, a subsidiary of Petrobras,
will construct and operate the waterway
transport vessels and will also operate
the pipeline system for Logum.
Alberto Guimarães, CEO of Logum,
says that the undertaking will lead to a
reduction of 20% in ethanol transport
costs in Brazil, as well as contributing to
the preservation of the highway network
and the environment, as it will be possible
to reduce CO2 emissions by 7,000 tons
a year.
Logistics company created for ETHANOL TRANSPORTATION
Pho
to: G
eral
do F
alcã
o /
Pet
robr
as Im
age
Ban
k
and yet, MOVESIT
20 petrobras magazine
In a world that is apparently condemned to traffic jams, WHO REALLY NEEDS TO MOVE? The people or the cars? Sustainable transport, urban planning, new energy sources, INNOVATIVE individual ATTITUDES: ways to rethink mobility in the 21st century to make MAN – and not vehicles – the PRIORITYBY MARCO ANTONIO BARBOSA PHOTO MAX MOURE / WWW.CASA13.COM.BR IMAGE PROCESSING MARC RECCO
STYLING MARIANA ROSALBA BEAUTY RENATA VELUDO
global challenge
MOVESth
anks
to
: Chi
lli b
eans
, Lo
de, W
olln
er
video_ Watch a documentary about
mobility at
www.petrobras.com/magazine
and on the Ipad version
IT
petrobras magazine 21
22 petrobras magazine
ny big city, rush hour. Look around. You are stationary. It doesn’t matter where: inside your car, standing on a bus, waiting for the metro or a train at the platform. Everything around you seems to be standing still. Traffic jams, delays, too many vehicles and too many people. Everything conspires so that there is no movement around you. Look again. Actually, everything is moving. Look again and you will see people walking, cyclists and motorbikes weaving between cars and buses, planes and helicopters flying in the sky. Even Planet Earth is turning on its own axis at a speed of more than 1,000 km/h. Forget the vehicles: what moves is life, people. If there is life, there is movement, and there is no traffic jam that can disprove that. And all this complex mix of objects (cars, motorbikes, trains) and structures (railways, highways, cycle paths, sidewalks), today seen as one of the most insurmountable dilemmas of the modern world, is being rethought in favor of life. Mobility needs to work for us, and not against us.
The first urban bus appeared in 1662, in the city of Paris. It was a carriage pulled by seven horses, with capacity for eight passengers. It did not work out; by 1675 it was already out of circulation. The first of
Amany problems with urban mobility was probably also born right then. Today the situation is even more complicated, with the continued increase in traffic congestion in large cities, accidents, atmospheric and sound pollution, and inefficient energy consumption, all generating social, economic and environmental problems. The World Energy Council warns that current modes of transport impact on the environment (they are responsible for up to 25% of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions), and waste time and money. Meanwhile, we, the people – who should be the reason for and object of mobility – we stay…stationary.
“It is the people who need mobility, not the vehicles”, diagnoses Ronaldo Balassiano, professor and researcher of transport engineering at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Author of more than 100 scientific studies on mobility and means of transport and one of the absolute references on the topic in Brazil, Balassiano is in a hurry. He fires out data, criticisms, examples and suggestions like a bullet train. His words always prioritize the human though, not the machine or the structure. “Imagine that in 2010 alone we had 3.5 million new cars produced in Brazil, and that that production is not accompanied by a circulation or parking policy. The result? A guy gets in his car to go to the corner to buy bread. Of course this is going to mess everything up.”
Carlos Vinicius Massa, coordinator of Petro-bras’ Technological Program of Innovation in Fuels and Lubricants (INOVA), summarizes: “The solutions for urban mobility range from good planning of the transport system, to the maintenance of the roads and highways and efficient integration between collective
Global forumThe World Energy Council,a global forum on energyand sustainability, has variousstudies to do with transportand mobility available on itswebsite (www.worldenergy.org).
petrobras magazine 23
Acceptable congestionThe development of the post-war automobile industry had an impact on the trends of urban mobility planning in the second half of the twentieth century. Wealthier countries put their faith in highways and wider and more extensive express roads – a synonym for progress. The traffic engineering was concentrated on maintaining ‘acceptable levels’ of congestion, investing little money in non-motorized modes of transport.
transports.” Actually, just recently the focus of the issue has moved from modes of transport and traffic towards a wider thought process on mobility. With the number of motorized vehicles in the world multiplying five-fold be-tween 1950 and 1980, the priority post-World War II was to keep the cars circulat-ing well. “This tends to prioritize high-speed highways and high-capacity automobiles”, explains the Canadian engineer Todd Ale-xander Litman, a member of the Institute of Transportation Engineers (USA) and author of the study Measuring Transportation: Traffic, Mobility and Accessibility. “What is needed is to think of transport users as people who are seeking access to places, services or goods, and of mobility as an end in itself.”
It is in this direction that the most important studies and experiences seem to be heading in the field of mobility, a term which is now rhymed obligatorily with sustainability. The tonic is the search for innovative projects capable of managing the increasing de-mands of movement and of accessibility in big cities. To stimulate the use of ‘greener’ transport (public modes of transport or those which emit low amounts of carbon dioxide and toxic gases), to rethink urban plan-ning in a way that reduces travel times and encourages non-motorized means of locomo-tion (reducing the environmental, economic
global challenge
and social impact): that is the battle. Nevertheless, cars and buses are still (and will be, for years to come) the principal means of transport in cities. With this in mind, parallel solutions are being imagined to deal with this reality in the best way possible. “Petrobras gua-rantees the provision of quality fuels – that keep vehicles circulating in ideal working conditions and pollute the atmosphere less”, says Carlos Massa. “We contribute to urban mobility by producing fuels which are perfectly suited to new motoring technologies. With this, we reduce the risk of breakdowns in vehicles – which always hold up the traffic. Furthermore, we are already prepared for the future, when hybrid vehicles or ones powered by renewable sources will share more road space with gas-fuelled cars.
Pedal-operated vehiclesProposals for vehicles propelled by human traction were popular at the turn of the 20th century, for transit by water (above), air (below, left) or land (below, right)
Non-Science FictionThe “airship” conceived by Jules Verne in 1886 (left).The “dynosphere-monowheel” (right) promised to revolutionize transport in 1932
24 petrobras magazine
No horses!The “horseless carriage” left, promised to reach up to 186km/h. It was even tested in Belgium, in the 1920s. The Fairey Rotodyne (above) was one of various concepts of “gyroplanes” that were produced, mixing plane with helicopter. Balloons pulled by elephants were conceived (but fortunately not tested) in the 19th century
Air trainAbove, a prototype of a suspended monorail vehicle moved by propeller, presented in the 1930s. The project was shelved for safety reasons
global challenge
The USA has the highest average number of automobiles (with two or more axles) per thousand people, almost 5 times more than the global average
The country also has the largest network of
pavedhighways
6.4
765
WORLD
EUA
164
thousandkm
IRELAND is the country with the highest average number of flights per capita in the world:
10.3annual flights per inhabitant
The NETHERLANDS is the country with the
highest territorialdensity of vehicles:
per km2
196
JAPANis the country which
most usesthe metro.
In the metropolitan area of
Tokyo alone, the two main underground train systems transported,
in 2009,
3.16billionpeople
CHINA dominates the operation of
high-velocity trains(capable of reaching 250 km/h or more)
of functioning railway linesand another 15.2 thousand km under construction.
4.84thousandkm
CHINA and INDIAdominate the world
market in the productionof BICYCLES.
CHINA
66%
INDIA
9%
(including cars, buses
or trucks
of navigableriver andmaritime routes,BRAZIL is third in the list of countries which most use WATERWAYS as a means of transport.
It is almost the same amount of river routes as in all of the
countries of the European Union.
With
50thousandkm
26 petrobras magazine
global challenge
petrobras magazine 27
“The automobile users do not realize the cost that they impose on the rest of society because of their decision to enter the traffic flow”, summarizes Luiz Carlos Ramos Paim, mechanical engineer and consultant specialized in transport from the Legislative Chamber of Brasilia. Fewer cars on the streets, the change in emphasis from individual transport to collective transport and solutions that benefit non-motorized movement are ideas that will impact on the collective – from the quality of life of motorists and pedestrians to the air that we breathe in large cities.
Cycling and walking must be complementary to public transport. On the other hand, car-owners should be convinced – with increased efficiency of public transport – to leave their cars in the garage. “We would have relevant gains in economic and environmental terms, by the removal of these vehicles from the traffic”, believes Paim. Yet this all must be preceded by a change in the paradigm of respect that we have for one another. “People who are subject to the rules of public highways and the public space have not learned to be egalitarian”, affirms the anthropologist Roberto da Matta, author of Fé em Deus e pé na tábua – Como e por que você enlouquece dirigindo no Brasil (‘Faith in God and foot to the floor – How and why you get mad while
Less stress, less pollutionINFOGRAPHICS GABRIEL GIANORDOLI PHOTOS THINKSTOCK
driving in Brazil’), a study about the traffic chaos in large Brazilian cities.
As ideal as non-motorized transport seems at first glance – low-cost, healthy, non-polluting, energy-efficient – urban mobility based on combustion motors will still remain a reality for a long time. There are, though, people thinking of minimizing the impact of that reality for future generations.
explains Tadeu Cordeiro, senior management consultant for Performance of Motor Products at the Petrobras Research Center (Cenpes). At the Vehicular Test Laboratory (LEV in Portuguese), where Tadeu works, the company tests new products that assault the environment less, such as Podium gasoline, which possesses less sulfur content, as well as additives that increase the useful lifespan and ‘cleanliness’ of internal combustion motors. The LEV was also a pioneer in Brazil by experimenting, back in 2002, the first generation of hybrid (electric and combustion) cars to arrive in the country.
In Brazil, we have a PIONEERING history in the research of fuels that emit less pollutant gas”
28 petrobras magazine
In May, 1896, New-Yorker Henry Wells entered the history books by causing the first traffic accident of the automobile era. Driving his ‘horseless carriage’, he hit a cyclist. Skipping forward 114 years, in August, 2010 we witnessed the largest traffic jam of all time – in Henei province in China, a traffic congestion that extended for more than 100 km lasted 11 days, caused by excessive heavy goods vehicle traffic and by roadworks on the highway. Can we really call this ‘evolution’? “Conventional transport planning uses indi-cators such as the speed of traffic and the operating cost of vehicles and ignores other accessibility factors. If we think like this, the only practical solution for traffic congestion is the expansion of the highways”, points out Todd Litman, of the Institute of Trans-portation Engineers. Yet with a total of 28.3 billion kilometers of highways spread across the world, is this really the solution?
Against this (planned) one-way (pun intended) tsunami of reinforced concrete, initiatives have emerged from diverse corners of the world, which return mobility to humanity. The stimulus for the use of a more efficient collective transport system, the incentive of non-motorized locomotion, the search for new forms of energy and the restructuring of urban spaces are the order of the day. Curitiba is the Brazilian reference in rational mobility planning – a story which began in 1968 and led the capital of Paraná to be elected, in April of last year, the most sustainable city in the world (at the last World Sustainability Conference, in Stockholm, Sweden). It was in Curitiba where the Brazilian model of the bus rapid transit system, or BRT, emerged and was exported and/or inspired similar solutions in more than 100 cities the world over.
Car SharingPropagated in Europe, car-sharing permits the quick rental of automobiles for short periods. The idea is to decrease the number of private vehicles on the roads, reducing the demand for parking spaces.
How we got here – and where we go now
global challenge
RiversimpleThe Riversimple Urban Car will be produced from 2013 as the ideal of an ecologically and environmentally correct car. It will transport two passengers and will have a range of 390 km, guaranteed by an energy cell that converts hydrogen into electricity.
Bus Rapid TransitThe term (also translated eventually as ‘light vehicle on wheels’) encapsulates diverse solutions based on the optimization of the urban bus service. The average speed of the most efficient systems can reach 48 km/h (against the 24 km/h of conventional buses).
Pho
tos:
Rel
ease
petrobras magazine 29
BRT, which commends the use of exclusive high-speed bus lanes, passenger stations (which eliminate the need to pay for a ticket after boarding the bus) and a service with extensive territorial coverage, was the solution found in cities such as Bogotá (Colombia), New York (USA), Seoul (South Korea) and Xiamen (China). It could also be the solution for the transport knot which Brazil needs to untie to be able to host the FIFA World Cup (2014) and the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro (2016). “There are 400 km of BRT lanes being implanted in the host-cities of the World Cup, such as São Paulo, Recife and Rio. In this aspect, we are following the global flow”, assures Luís Antonio Lindau, president of the Sustainable Transport Center of Brazil (CTS-Brasil in Portuguese).
The wheeled transport solutions don’t end with fast buses. The integration of modes of transport was the route followed in Stockholm, Sweden (where bus, metro, three train lines and three more light-train vehicles function in harmony), and by Paris (which joined one of the largest metro systems in the world with six intercity and international train stations, as well as a good pedestrian infrastructure). Innovative systems of traffic control are working in Singapore (which instituted toll booths with variable tariffs in accordance with peak traffic hours). The concept of land reclamation, traditionally used to define parts of the sea that are filled in with earth, has been utilized in Seoul and New York to isolate urban areas from the circulation of private cars, prioritizing collective transport. In Portland (USA), looking to the past instead of the future, the revitalization of the city’s tram lines improved traffic and breathed new life into down-trodden areas.
“The occupation of urban space needs to accompany the transport expansion”, reasons the traffic engineering specialist Ronaldo Balassiano. “The arrival of mobility in an area which is still uninhabited will inevitably bring human occupation to that area. What is needed is to think of this and transform public transport terminals into useful spaces for the population, with services, health centers, businesses. This reduces the need for large displacement to the urban centers.” In addition to that idea there are the wider demands of urbanization, such as taking advantage of areas in the process of population displacement, a better distribution of jobs and services (which reduces travel times) and the implementation of the concept of transit oriented development (TOD). “Territorial occupations which promote non-motorized transport and electric vehicles and the decrease in space lost to parking are examples of TOD planning which are already in practice in Sweden, Germany and Australia”, notes Cathleen Sullivan, from the Institute of Transport Studies at the University of California, Berkeley (USA).
_robert cerveroThe status of Robert Cervero as a thinker of issues regarding mobility is rivaled by few other researchers in the world. Director of the Transport Center at the University of California, Cervero has already participated in urbanization and traffic projects and related issues in all four corners of the world (including Brazil, in the state of Ceará) and is the author of six books on the subject. He spoke to PETROBRAS MAGAZINE about who is winning and who is losing the mobility battle.
What are the most urgent topics to be dealt with on the issue of urban mobility?Mobility in cities needs to be sustainable. More accessible mobility comes from a wider and more advanced public transport system, from city planning which prioritizes traffic and from urbanization which promotes walk and cycle paths – options that are also healthier – as well as urban growth which accompanies transport capacity, and not the other way around. What cities need to start thinking about these issues already? In the USA, cities such as Houston, Atlanta and Phoenix. In Latin America, São Paulo and Mexico City are still losing the fight against traffic congestion, pollution and the incessant domination of the automobile. What trends will dominate the future of mobility?Technology will play an important role. We will be able to solve environmental and energy problems with cleaner fuels. The advances in digital communications will decrease the need for physical travel.
web_
see more at www.petrobras.com/magazine
30 petrobras magazine30 petrobras magazine
peruBirthplace of the most powerful empire in
pre-Columbian America, peru preserves its past – the inca tradition and the influence of the Spanish colonizers.
whilst in the present, it already finds itself among the
Continent’S emerging nAtionS
BY MARCO ANTONIO BARBOSA pHotoS ISTOCk / ThINkSTOCk
video_ watch a documentary
filmed on location in peru at
www.petrobras.com/magazine
and on the version for the ipad
petrobras magazine 31petrobras magazine 31
Peru
Historical Datathe oldest civilization in the americas, the caral people occupied the current territory of Peru around 2100 B.c. in 1542, the name “Peru” was used for the first time to designate the region which was home to the seat of the inca Empire. the Viceroyalty of Peru comprised the greater part of the spanish dominions on the continent. the country declared its independence in July 28, 1821.
around the world
How to GEt tHErEJorge chávez international airport, in lima, is the main access point to the country. there are regular flights from the airport to Peru’s main cities. the Peruvian airports and commercial aviation corporation provides travelers with the telephone number (51) 1-574-5829 should they have any doubts they need clarifying. tourist information can be found on the site www.peru.info/peru.asp (in spanish).
pan-culturalismThe fourth most populated country in South America (around 28.3 million inhabitants), Peru grew with the miscegenation between the native people and the Spanish colonizers. The nation also received a large influx of Africans, immigrants from other European countries (Germany, Great Britain, Italy and France) and from the Far East (Japan and China).
“TThere lies Peru with its riches; Here Panama and its poverty. Choose, each man, what best becomes a brave Castilian”, said the Spaniard Francisco Pizarro in 1526, upon drawing a line in the ground with his sword. On one side, due north, the uncertainty of hard times; followed by the road south, to the lands which today form the Republic of Peru. The folkloric episode, chronicled by the historian José Antonio del Busto in Francisco Pizarro, el Marqués Gobernador (1966), could well be the symbolic mark of the nation, birthplace of the Inca civilization and which today encompasses a multi-ethnic population, a great variety of mineral riches and magnificent bio-diversity. A place where the meeting of cultures (Andean, Spanish, African) has created a land full of interesting contrasts, which has been experiencing notable economic growth in this millennium.
The force of centuries-old tradition is reflected in the amount of archaeological locations in the country recognized by UNESCO as World Heritage sites – there are 13 (Brazil, whose land mass is almost seven times the
size of Peru’s, has 17). The historical centers of the two major cities in the country (the capital Lima and Arequipa) are on the list, as well as the mythical ruins of Machu Picchu and the Inca constructions which remain in Cusco. The Inca legacy spreads itself through the estimated 100,000 archaeological sites officially catalogued
An ever-present past: in the photo above,
Cusco’s historical Plaza de Armas. Below, the mythical ruins
of Machu Picchu
across the country. Eighty percent of tourists who arrive in Peru come in search of this cultural legacy; no less than 11% of the economically active population of the country work in tourism.
The (cordial) clash between colonial past and global present is accentuated in the Southeast of Peru, where Cusco is located. The city, which has been called “the Rome of the Americas”, is, according to historians, the oldest urban settlement on the whole continent, having served as the capital of the Inca Empire from the 13th century onwards. It is officially the historic capital of Peru and the biggest tourist destination in the country, receiving more than a million visitors a year. Its architectural heritage, in which pre-Columbian constructions are mixed with colonial-era buildings, is expressive. The city’s cathedral, with its Renaissance-style façade, dates from 1664. The convent and church of La Merced have been there since 1675 (the original construction was destroyed by an earthquake in 1650). The Plaza de Armas, nerve-center of the current city, is surrounded by a concentration of various buildings that have preserved their Spanish-influenced façades and roofs. It is possible to reach the square by Calle Hatun Rumiyuq, the main pedestrian thoroughfare in Cusco, also flanked with buildings with three centuries of history. As the culminating point of the region, the walls of Coricancha, or what is left of the largest Inca sanctuary, stand out. The walls were used by the European colonizers to construct the Convent of Santo Domingo.
petrobras magazine 33
around the worldpre-Columbian splendourThere is evidence that the region where the city of Cusco now stands was already inhabited in the year 3000 B.C. Yet the importance of the city grew when the seat of government of the Incas was installed there, turning Cusco into the most important religious and administrative center in Latin America. A large part of the population belonged to the Inca aristocracy. Francisco Pizarro named it “Cuzco, great and noble city.”
34 petrobras magazine
In the province of Urubamba, on the outskirts of Cusco, is located the archetypal post-card picture of the country, the ‘Old Mountain’ – literal translation of the Quechua term Machu Picchu. Constructed from the 15th century on the eastern section of the Andes mountain range, the stone fortress, one of the greatest feats of ingenuity and architectural resources of the Incas, is today considered one of the Seven Modern Wonders of the World. Spread over a total area of around 326 km², the ruins of Machu Picchu carry an aura of mystery, of time stood still. It is as if we can capture a little of the original America, untouched by the Spanish conquistadores. The ‘urban’ area of the fortress has 172 buildings and includes the Temple of the Sun (where it is believed that the body of Emperor Pachacuti was once interred), the royal Inca residence and the so-called ‘sacred zone’, which includes the Main Temple, the largest religious space in the city. The idolatry that the ancient inhabitants devoted to the sun is present in the structure known as Intihuatana, a primitive type of
sundial, and is also present in various buildings, oriented by the solstices and the rising and setting of the sun.
The capital, Lima, is one of the largest metropolitan areas in Latin America, with 7.6 million inhabitants.
Amidst the urban din, however, hides a well-preserved portion of Spanish colonial
America, duly recognized as a World Heritage site in 1991. For almost 20
years, Lima has been maintaining a program of restoration and protection of its historical constructions. The most evident examples are balcones (balconies), a type of veranda typical of the
buildings influenced by Spanish architecture and which were
introduced to the city in the 16th century. Today, there remain around 1,800
balcones intact, which are maintained thanks to sponsorship deals between Lima City Hall and large businesses. Preserved in the same way is Plaza Mayor, scene of some of the most significant events in Peruvian history: it was there that Pizarro installed himself to
lima by night: a growing economy is driving the urbanization of the capital, the 27th most populated city in the world
petrobras magazine 35
talara, the X of the issuePetrobras Energía Perú, Inc. – the official name of the company that operates in Brazil’s neighboring country – started its activities in 1996. In 2010, it invested US$ 235 million in prospecting and exploration projects. Today, the company extracts 15,300 barrels of oil from its principal operation in Peru: Plot X in Bacia de Talara, in the Northeast of the nation, in which Petrobras retains 100% of the participation. The company also has 100% control over Plot 58 in Bacia Madre de Dios (close to the largest natural gas reserves in the country, in the eastern region of the Andes). Research on the volume of hydrocarbons available in the area will confirm the viability of the drilling of a third well (Taini) in the region. Prospects for exploration in Madre de Dios are high, with the development of the Integrated Project for the Development of Natural Gas. In Plot 57, in which Petrobras has 46.16% participation, favorable results in the evaluation of resources found have allowed the planning of another well in the Ucayali region (Mid-East of the country). Still in the phase of pre-exploration is Plot 117 (Marañon), where Petrobras has 50% participation. The company also develops and supports diverse initiatives geared towards the improvement of infrastructure, the preservation of the environment, the employment generation and the education in Peru. An example is supporting the project Agua y Alcantarillado, conceived to improve access to quality drinking water for the population of the El Alto district, in Talara.
Tanks from Petrobras’ extraction base in El Alto (45 minutes from Talara)
found the city, and it was also where Peru’s independence from Spanish dominance was declared, in 1831. The Catholic faith brought by the Spanish conquistadores is reflected in the Convent of San Francisco (the first of the colonial buildings to be protected by UNESCO, in 1988) and in Lima Cathedral (dating from 1622). Not far from there, shines the Casona de San Marcos – the cultural center of the University of San Marcos, which comprises museums (the Lima Museum of Art and the Lima Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology), the Spanish Library of the Arts and various university institutions, all situated in historic buildings. At the same time in which it seeks to preserve its history, Lima exhibits one of the most exuberant modernization processes on the continent. Founded in January, 1553, the capital of Peru is the 27th most densely populated city in the world. Its metropolitan area comprises 57% of the country’s industrial base and 46 universities (including the aforementioned San Marcos, the oldest in Latin America, inaugurated in 1511). Districts such as Miraflores and San Isidro are as bustling and cosmopolitan as any neighborhood in São Paulo or Manhattan.
Pizarro’s prediction, which guaranteed riches to those who accompanied him to Peru, has seemed to make more sense in the last few years. During almost 180 years of independence, the country has faced political and economic turbulence: from an (unsuccessful) war with Chile between 1879 and 1883 to military coup d’états in the twentieth century. In the 1980s, the nation suffered from uncontrollable inflation and an increase in drug-trafficking. Yet, with the consolidation of democracy, Peru has been experiencing economic stability (it has one of the lowest inflation rates in the world) and a notable growth in production since the turn of the century: the increase in GDP in 2008 reached 9%, a comparable level to that of China.
around the world
fossil fuels (especially
diesel oil) are responsible for
around 57% of the energy
utilized by peruvians. 27% of the country’s
energy use is supplied by
renewable sources (hydro-electric, biofuel
and others). natural gas
provides the rest (17%). An ample
project of natural gas exploration and distribution
is underway, including gas
pipelines for sales to the foreign
market.
_Rodolfo Trentin Gonçalves, University of São Paulo researcher
A native of São Caetano do Sul, in São Paulo state,
he is 26 years old.
He moved out of his parents’ house a year ago, but
still lives in São Caetano.
Single, with no children; he is focused on following
his career plans. “I want to become a professor
at the Polytechnic School of the University of
São Paulo,” he explains. He is a specialist in naval
architecture and oceanic engineering.
Besides his duties as a researcher, his great passion
is tourism. “I like to travel to different places
and try food that I have never eaten before”, he says.
His most recent trip was to China, where he visited
Beijing and Shanghai. He also enjoys sports (he plays
tennis) and card games (he often gets together with
friends to play poker).
With regards to scientific development, Rodolfo
recognizes the importance of the work done at the
Petrobras Research Center (Cenpes), not just for the
benefit of the company, but for Brazil as a whole.
“Research in technology and development form the roots
for sustaining the growth of a modern nation”, he says.
Wpetrobras magazine 37
An increase in demand from the oil and gas industry, principally because of the pre-
salt reserves, is driving scientific innovation in Brazil and is helping to
create a generation of young researchers who, instead of moving abroad, work
for the benefit of technological advancement in the country
BY CArloS TAUTz
PHotoS CArol CArQUEJEIro / FElIPE VArANDA
StYlIng MArIANA roSAlBA
brains mAde In BRAzIl
hen 25 year-old naval engineer Rodolfo Trentin Gonçalves told his friends that he was dedicated to research at the University of São Paulo (USP), he used to hear the same question: “But don’t you
work?”. His colleague Joel Sena Sales Júnior, 32, also faced a similar situation with his family, upon revealing that his professional choice would be to stay in the laboratories of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). “They thought that the job of researcher was unstable; more or less like an artist”, he recalls.
volta ao mundotechnology
Civil engineer Fábio Martins Gonçalves Ferreira, 31, from the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), had better luck. Married and father of a young child, he never had to face any doubts from family or friends over his career choice. “To be involved with long-term research gives us stability”, he states. André Alves de Souza, from the research center of international oil and gas giant Schlumberger, in Rio de Janeiro, came from the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), in the interior of São Paulo state. He believes that, when he was hired, “everything changed for the better. I can do everything I have always wanted to do – in research terms – in a large company”.
What Rodolfo, Joel, Fábio and André all share in common is that they are all young and operate, in Brazil, in scientific researches over an extended period, which involve the most advanced technologies in their area. “Brazil is now starting to create this culture. Therefore, it is still a surprise for people to know that we have so many scientists”, explains Joel, who is studying his doctorate in hydro-dynamics at the Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute of Post-graduation and Engineering Research (Coppe/UFRJ).
The biggest impulse to researchers having more good work options in Brazil was the increased demand of the oil and gas industry for innovative technologies, especially with regards to the challenge of exploring pre-salt reserves. Petrobras alone will invest US$ 212.3 billion in Brazil until 2014, and a large part of that investment will be applied to high-complexity equipment. To attend this demand, its suppliers are also installing research centers in Brazil, close to universities and to Petrobras, intensifying the exchange of knowledge and provoking the emergence of one of the world’s most advanced poles of research in the energy sector.
The center of this process is the Technological Park of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), located at Ilha do Fundão, close to the Petrobras Research Center (Cenpes). Six companies from the oil and gas industry are setting up shop there. The pioneer was Schlumberger, which, in 2010, inaugurated the Center for Research in Geo-engineering, for which it has already contracted 50 Brazilian researchers. Also in the process of
installing themselves at the Park are Halliburton, Baker Hughes, FMC Technologies, Tenaris Confab and Usiminas. Furthermore, in March, the BG Group announced that it will also invest close to US$ 1.5 billion in its Global Technological Center in Rio de Janeiro by 2021, and General Electric (GE) has already installed a center on land next to the Technological Park. According to the calculations of the Rio de Janeiro State Government, these companies together have already invested almost US$ 303 million in the Park alone.
“When we made the decision to construct a research center, we took into consideration the proximity of our clients, the challenges of the local industry, access to academic means and scientific knowledge and also the qualification of available professionals. Brazil comprises all these aspects”, explains Attilio Pisoni, general manager of the Schlumberger Center.
Yet it is not just in companies where the intense development of new technologies is occurring. Research in the energy sector is also being stimulated in Brazilian universities, mainly through the model of thematic networks created by Petrobras in 2006. Each network brings together laboratories from diverse universities and research institutions, which
38 petrobras magazine
than
ks t
o: J
onny
Size
, Add
ict
Brazil is now starting to create a
culture to develoP its oWn researches. therefore, it is still a surprise
for people to know that we have so many scientists”, Joel SenA SAleS JúnIoR, researcher at the Federal
University of Rio de Janeiro
volta ao mundo
petrobras magazine 39
technology
_Joel Sena Sales JúniorFederal University of rio de Janeiro researcher
Now 32, Joel settled in Ilha do governador,
in Rio de Janeiro, when he left his
hometown of Petropolis (Rio de Janeiro
state) five years ago. “living here I am
closer to the technology Park and the
Federal University (UFRJ)”, he explains.
His great ambition is to become a
famous professional in his field of work,
experimental hydrodynamics. the
researcher is completing his doctorate
in the area.
His taste in cinema is, shall we say,
technological. “I like science-fiction films.
I thought that tron 2.0 was great”, he
enthuses, revealing that he also likes
history-based movies. travel (he was
recently in Italy and the northeast of Brazil),
theatre and literature (“novels, among
one technical book and another”)
are included in his other interests.
Joel says that the importance of the
work done at the Petrobras Research
Center and the UFRJ technology Park goes
beyond the energy market. “the research
undertaken at Cenpes not only yields
results in petroleum exploration, but also
serves to stimulate other technological
areas in Brazil.”
40 petrobras magazine
_André Alves de Souza,Schlumberger researcher
Born in São Bernardo do Campo, in São
Paulo state (SP), 34 years ago.
Nowadays he divides his time between
niterói (Rio de Janeiro) and São Carlos (São
Paulo). A graduate of the Federal University
of São Carlos (Ufscar), he left his hometown
12 years ago.
one year ago, he settled in Rio de Janeiro
state due to work. He is completing
his doctorate in Science and material
engineering at the São Carlos campus
of the University of São Paulo (USP).
He has a musical side. Away from the test
tubes, he enjoys playing the guitar and the
bass. “I enjoy brazilian popular music (mPB)
and rock”, he says. He also likes to go to the
theatre and the cinema. In literature, he
prefers classic novels. “machado de Assis is my
favourite author”, he reveals.
“I hope to acquire more knowledge here,
putting into practice everything I learned
from my academic studies”, he says. “With
the research already in development at
the new Schlumberger center, we hope to
further strengthen Brazil’s position amongst
the largest explorers and producers of oil
and gas in the world.”
act in an integrated form under the coordination of Petrobras, on themes defined by the company. Currently, there are 50 networks, in which more than 100 institutions of research and development share knowledge, experiences and infrastructure. Between 2008 and 2010, Petrobras invested US$ 2.6 billion in research, of which 56% was undertaken in collaboration with universities, foreign and Brazilian companies and other laboratories.
Among the laboratories which take part in these thematic networks is the Scientific Computation and Visualization Laboratory, from UFAL, where Fábio works. He and his colleagues agree that the possibility of dedicating themselves to scientific investigation has given them new perspectives in life. According to Carlos Tadeu da Costa Fraga, executive manager of Cenpes, at least 13,000 professionals have already worked in Brazilian institutions of science and technology in the research and development projects undertaken in partnership with Petrobras.
Perhaps the greatest reward from the creation of this environment, which is so propitious to scientific research, has really been a reversal of the brain drain abroad. Previously, Brazilian scientists left the country to work abroad; now, multinationals come to Brazil to work with the country’s specialists. André, who was an intern at the Schlumberger Research Center in Boston (USA) before settling in Rio de Janeiro, explains: “The pre-salt discovery is really increasing the possibilities for us to undertake these researches, including within companies. It is a unique period for Brazil.”
Facing the challenges ofthe coming yearsBesides stimulating the scientific production applied in universities and other companies, Petrobras is also enlarging its own research center. Cenpes, which completes 48 years in 2011, doubled in area with the inauguration of the expansion, in october, 2010, now occupying 300,000 square meters. With investments of approximately US$ 700 million in the enlargement, Cenpes became one of the largest r&D centers in the Southern Hemisphere. on site, close to 1,600 technicians, engineers and researchers work on researches focused on the development of technologies which have been fundamental so that Petrobras can continue to reach its business targets.
Executive manager of Cenpes, Carlos Tadeu da Costa Fraga, recalls that, since 2008, Petrobras has invested, on average, around US$ 800 million per year in their own scientific investigations and in diverse kinds of partnerships with universities and suppliers. For Tadeu, Petrobras has increased its capacity for innovation and, at the same time, contributed so that the technological development of their suppliers and Brazil itself accompanies this qualitative leap.
volta ao mundotechnology
petrobras magazine 41
the pre-salt discovery
is increasing the possibilities
for us to undertake scientific research, including within companies.
It is a unique period for Brazil”AndRÉ AlVeS de SoUzA, researcher at Schlumberger Center in Rio de Janeiro
than
ks t
o: C
aval
era,
Wol
lner
42 petrobras magazine
Brazil is the LEADER in the world ranking of discoveries of new oil reserves in the past decade, mainly driven by Petrobras’
SUCCESS in the pre-salt layer
deep futureBY VINICIUS MEDEIROS PHOTOS PETROBRAS IMAGE BANK
INFOGRAPHICS GABRIEL GIANORDOLI
The sea floor and its layers: from the depths of the Brazilian coast, discoveries which surpass those of the Middle East
petrobras magazine 43
What is the potential of the pre-salt?The pre-salt could transform Brazil into a world leading producer of oil and natural gas. Petrobras has plans to produce 3.95 million barrels of oil per day in Brazil in 2020, with 1.078 million barrels coming from the pre-salt.
Where is the pre-salt?The term “pre-salt” refers to acluster of rocks that can be found in several points along the Brazilian coast, with the potential for generation and accumulation of oil.It’s called pre-salt because of a range of rocks that extends beneath an extensive salt layer, which in some areas can reach a thickness up to2,000 meters. The distance between the sea surface and the oil reservoirs below the salt layer can reach more than 7,000 meters. The biggest oil findings made in Brazil by Petrobras in the pre-salt were located on the coast between the states of Santa Catarina and Espírito Santo, at a distance of about 300 kilometers offshore.
business
rom the bottom of the sea – to be more precise, the depths of the pre-salt layers – a truth emerges: Brazil, in the second decade of the 21st century, is presenting itself as one of the main El Dorados for oil and gas sector investments. Between 2000 and 2010, Brazil’s proven oil and natural gas reserves increased 68.5%, according to data from the National Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels Agency (ANP), going from 9.854 billion barrels of oil equivalent (boe) to 16.609 billion. In the last decade, Brazil also took over the global leadership position in terms of discoveries of new reserves, according to a survey by the international consulting firm IHS Cera. Taking into account the volume and number of wells with more than 1 billion barrels, 11 of the 35 biggest discoveries around the globe were made in Brazil — which even surpassed Middle Eastern nations traditionally recognized as having the largest reservoirs on the planet.
“The pre-salt is a turning point for Brazil. It has the potential to become a great competitive advantage in terms of additional reserves and for future growth. In many aspects, the stars are in alignment on behalf of the country, and it is clear that this also is the case for Petrobras. Based on the company’s success, Brazil is ready to strengthen its position as the leader of deep-water technology and to become an important oil
exporter,” says John Robinson West, founder and CEO of the respected PFC Energy consulting company.
In a context in which the main world oil companies are finding it difficult to make new discoveries, the pre-salt areas in Brazil are moving in the opposite direction. According to ANP data, the number of hydrocarbon shows reported by the oil companies working in the country totaled 960 during the past decade. Just between 2005 and 2010 these reports doubled: they went from 75 to 149 per year. Although many of them do not necessarily pan out to be commercially feasible reserves, the speeding up of the pace of the findings is a good indication of the heating up of the sector.
Although Brazil is still distant from the Arab countries, it appears the country is heading quickly toward the top positions. Such optimism is justified when one takes into account the fact that most of the pre-salt discoveries have not yet been calculated into the current proven reserves. The total volume estimated, just in the Libra and Franco fields alone, may reach 13 billion barrels, according to the assessment of the Gaffney, Cline & Associates certification agency that was contracted by the ANP to evaluate the pre-salt accumulations — practically the same amount that Petrobras discovered in the areas that also had been put out for tender by the federal government.
The largest oil reserve ever discovered in Brazil until today, the Libra prospect could contain between 3.7 billion to 15 billion barrels, with a total of 7.9 billion being most probable. Other
F
44 petrobras magazine
Heating up the marketIt is impossible to disassociate the heating up of the Brazilian energy market from Petrobras’ activities; the company has significantly boosted its investments in exploration, production and development of technology in the past few years. In 2010, its production of oil and gas increased 2.3% over 2009, reaching 2.583 million barrels of oil equivalent per day in its operations in Brazil and abroad. The good results are even better when associated with the increase in Petrobras’ proven oil, condensate and natural gas reserves, which in 2010 totaled 15.986 billion barrels (according to SPE’s criteria), up 7.5% over the previous year. Of the total, 96% is located in Brazil. Over the same amount of time, the Reserve Replacement Index, which is an important market indicator, increased 229%, whereas the reserve/production ratio closed the year at 18.4 years. At the end of last year, Petrobras declared the commercial feasibility of good quality oil and gas in the Lula and Cernambi fields, both located in the Santos Basin pre-salt layers. In the former, the recoverable amount reported to the National Petroleum Agency (ANP) was 6.5 billion barrels of oil equivalent (boe), at API 28. In the latter, the volume was 1.8 billion barrels at API 30.
“Other traditional producing areas in the country also have reported increases. Today, very few companies have a reserve replacement level similar to that of Petrobras,” emphasizes Carlos Eugênio da Resurreição, general manager of the company’s Reserves and Reservoirs area. “In 2010, for each barrel of oil equivalent extracted in Brazil, 2.40 barrels of oil equivalent were appropriated, resulting in a Reserve Replacement Index of 240%. We are working to incorporate reserves that compensate production, which increases the total recovery factor, which today is at 31%,” he argues.
Birol sums it up: “Petrobras can be proud of its reputation for sophistication in deep-water operations and has become a global leader in this field. The company already is one of the largest oil companies in the world, but it is probable that it will play an even bigger role in the future.”
volta ao mundobusiness
Evolution of Petrobras’ Proven Reserves and Accumulated Production in Brazil in the first decade of the 21st century (SPE criteria)
Projection of Petrobras’ growth in production
Proven Reserves
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
Accumulated production(in barrels of oil equivalent per day)
800 kilometers
US$ 224 billion
2010:millions ofBOE
Petrobras’ foreseen investment until 2014, one of the largest investment plans in the world energy industry
the range of the pre-salt layer which stretches from the state of Espírito Santo to the state of Santa Catarina, off the Brazilian coast
$
2,583,458
2020: 5,382,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
11
9,648
5131,044 1,630
2,255 2,858
9,67011,009
12,602 13,023 13,232 13,753 13,920 14,093 14,16915,283
3,511 4,2144,930
5,684 6,4547,251
main discoveries
Brazil registered 11 of the 35 biggest
petroleum discover-ies in the world during
the last decade, considering volume and number of wells with more than one
billion barrels(source: IHS Cera)
petrobras magazine 45
Technicians in action in Santos Basin: Petrobras’ production of oil and gas last year grew 2.3% from 2009
The pre-salt is a turning
point for Brazil. It has the POTENTIAL to become a great competitive advantage
in terms of ADDITIONAL reserves and future growth”
JOHN ROBINSON WEST, CEO, PFC ENERGY
discoveries still being tested by Petrobras, such as the Lula and Cernambi areas (estimated at 5 to 8 billion barrels), Iara (estimated at 3 to 4 billion) and Guará (estimated at 1 to 2 billion), as well as other pre-salt fields located in the Campos Basin (with estimates between 1 and 2 billion), until now have only had small portions included in the officially recognized Brazilian proven reserves.
“I believe that Brazil will play an increasingly important role in the global energy market. Based on our numbers, we can say that it will be the third most important country in terms of growth of supply through 2035, behind only Saudi Arabia and Iraq,” says Fatih Birol, chief economist of the International Energy Agency (IEA), corroborating West’s statements.
The Brazilian potential for oil and natural gas, however, is not restricted to the pre-salt regions of the Santos and Campos Basins. The Multi-Annual Geological and Geophysical Plan prepared by the ANP presents other exploration frontiers. “One of the areas with the greatest potential is the so-called Equatorial Margin, which runs from the Potiguar Basin in Rio Grande do Norte up to the headwaters of the Amazon River, a region that is analogous to the African West Coast and where major oil discoveries were recently announced. The Brazilian Equatorial basins could present a potential that is similar or even greater than those of the African basin,” says Haroldo Lima, director general of the ANP.
I believe that Brazil will play an increasingly
important role in the
GLOBAL ENERGY MARKET. Based on our numbers, we can say that it
will be the THIRD MOST IMPORTANT COUNTRY in terms of growth of supply through 2035”, FATIH
BIROL, CHIEF ECONOMIST, INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Ships operating in the pre-salt region: reserves in the area can put Brazil amongst the largest producers in the world
46 petrobras magazine
petrobras magazine 47
business
More investments comingAt the end of last year, the Brazilian government sanctioned a new regulatory framework for exploration in the pre-salt layers, establishing a reduction sharing mechanism. The law approved by the National Congress also determined that Petrobras would be the single operator of the blocks, with a minimum participation of 30% in the consortia that were established. Now capitalized like never before through a public share offer — the company conducted the largest capital increase the world had ever seen, obtaining R$ 120 billion through the issue of more than 4 billion shares — Petrobras currently is executing its 2010-2014 Business Plan that calls for investments totaling some US$ 224 billion. There was a quick response to the share issue operation. At the beginning of the year, Petrobras jumped to third place on the PFC Energy 50 list of the largest companies in the industry by market cap, published by the U.S. energy consulting company. Assessed at US$ 228.9 billion, Petrobras is behind only ExxonMobil (USA) and PetroChina (China). In its analysis of this ranking, PFC Energy emphasized the continuous growth of the Brazilian company, which went from 27th position in 1999, the year of the first edition of the list, up to its current placement.
“The growing importance of Petrobras is comparable to the increasing political and economic influence of the emerging countries. We live in a multi-polar world, where the role of countries like Brazil will continue to expand,” said West, of PFC Energy. “The company certainly will become one of the main enterprises of the industry by 2015. It is taking all the correct steps in the direction of growth.”
petrobras magazine 47
48 petrobras magazine
petrobras magazine 49
verythingis transformed
culture
AT ONE OF THE most DEGRADED ENVIRONMENTS
in Brazil - the Gramacho landfill in the State of Rio de
Janeiro - a WORK OF ART that restored dignity to
a community of GARBAGE COLLECTORS was born. The documentary Waste Land tells the whole storyBY MARCO ANTONIO BARBOSA
othing is lost, nothing is created, everything is transformed.” The possibilities of the famous quote from the chemist Antoine Lavoisier gain significance when faced with the reality of Jardim Gramacho, a neighborhood in the city of Duque de Caxias, in the state of Rio de Janeiro – where the largest waste landfill in Latin America is located. There, more than five thousand people find their daily sustenance, searching amongst the garbage for anything that can be sold, re-used or recycled. Who would believe that anything other than misery could be extracted from such a place?
The cinematographers João Jardim, Karen Harley and Lucy Walker did when the visual artist Vik Muniz told them precisely that. Previously, Vik himself had believed in the people of Gramacho’s capacity to
produce art from trash. Sebastião Carlos dos Santos, president of the Association of Recycling Pickers of Jardim Gramacho, also believed in Vik. From this chain of belief, the documentary Lixo Extraordinário (‘Waste Land’) was born. It tells the story of the work that the artist developed with the landfill pickers. Over almost three years, using waste products as raw material, Vik and the inhabitants of Gramacho recreated day-to-day garbage as art, in photographs, pictures and paintings. In the process, Sebastião, the popular Tião, and their colleagues rediscovered their own dignity and the existence of a world outside the 1.5 million square meters of the landfill. The resulting film was not only nominated for an Oscar in 2011 for Best Feature Documentary, but won the Audience Award at the Sundance (USA) and Berlin (Germany) film festivals.
N“
petrobras magazine 51
“I expected to see destroyed people, but they were survivors”, stated Vik Muniz about his contact with the pickers. From the original idea (to portray the people who survive off the garbage dump), the project evolved into a collaboration between the renowned New York-based Brazilian artist and the humble workers of Gramacho. Vik collaborated with people whose families have been picking garbage at the landfill for three generations. The apex of the narrative is the sale of the painting in which the artist depicted Tião posing in a bath-tub – evoking the death of the revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat (1743-1793), murdered during the French Revolution whilst taking a bath. In London, the piece was sold for R$ 74,000, money which was donated to the Association of Recycling Pickers. Before the scene of the sale, we hear the stories of people such as Zumbi (who started a library with books found in the trash) and Irma (who cooks meals with any acceptable food
that she can find). “The moment when one thing transforms into another is the most beautiful moment – and this applies to everything”, summarizes Vik.
Petrobras also believed in this story of transformation and, through its Public Selection of Diffusion, a sponsorship project geared towards the distribution of Brazilian films, helped Lixo Extraordinário reach festivals and the commercial circuit (the film premiered in January). “We give financial support for the production of copies and for publicity campaigns”, explains Romildo Nascimento, Cinema Sponsorship coordinator at Petrobras. The work developed by Vik Muniz and the pickers also influenced the approval. “Besides the artistic quality of the documentary, the idea of social redemption promoted by the film touches on issues that are very dear to the company. The presence of Vik, a great Brazilian artist of world-renown, helped attract attention to the project.”
volta ao mundo
The moment when one thing
TRANSFORMS into another is the
most beautiful MOMENT”
A cinema thingThrough the Petrobras Cultural Program, which periodically announces notices for the production and diffusion of short and feature-length films and for sponsorship of screenings and festivals, the company is the largest supporter of Brazilian cinema. “Our incentives are widespread: they range from production support to sponsorship of classic film restorations and include the fostering of study centers like the Darcy Ribeiro School of Cinema (in Rio de Janeiro) and the Nova Iguaçu School of Cinema (Rio de Janeiro state)”, says Romildo Nascimento. Since 1994, the year of the so-called retaking of national cinema, Petrobras has contributed to the production of more than 500 films, including commercial successes such as Daniel Filho’s 2006 film Se Eu Fosse Você (‘If I Were You’), Tropa de Elite (‘Elite Squad’) by José Padilha, released in 2007, and the 2008 hit Meu Nome Não é Johnny (‘My Name Ain’t Johnny’), directed by Mauro Lima. Among forthcoming releases bearing the company’s name, are Jefferson De’s Bróder, Não se Pode Viver Sem Amor (‘Love Is All We Need’) by Jorge Durán and Não se Preocupe, que Nada Vai Dar Certo, directed by Hugo Carvana.
culture
Above, Tião, the picker who serves as a model for Vik Muniz (wearing the cap, in the photo to the right). Next to him, Lucy Walker, one of the film’s directors
Pho
tos:
Rel
ease
VIK MUNIZ
and uni versal
essay
and uni versal
petrobras magazine 53
Symbol of the URBAN MODERNIZATION of Rio de
Janeiro – and a TROPICAL BELLE EPÓQUE model from the beginning
of the 20th century – the MUNICIPAL THEATRE has
recovered its full original
SPLENDOR, 101 years after it was founded
PHOTOS FELIPE VARANDA
54 petrobras magazine
petrobras magazine 55
Carrara marble for the Corinthian columns; stained glass
windows from Germany illustrated with the muses of the arts; bronze statues representing poetry and dance;
precious stones and crystal pieces for the staircases
petrobras magazine 55
essay
56 petrobras magazine56 petrobras magazine
DURING THE 20TH CENTURY, CULTURAL
ICONS SUCH AS MARIA CALLAS,
RUDOLF NUREYEV, ARTURO TOSCANINI
AND SARAH BERNHARDT PUT ON
PRESENTATIONS AT THE MUNICIPAL
– THE FIRST CULTURAL INSTITUTION
IN LATIN AMERICA TO HAVE ITS OWN
SO-CALLED TRIPLE ARTISTIC
CORPS (ORCHESTRA, CHORUS
AND BALLET). MAESTRO HEITOR
VILLA-LOBOS AND LYRICAL SINGER
BIDU SAYÃO ARE EXAMPLES OF THE
BRAZILIAN TALENTS THAT
PERFORMED THERE
56 petrobras magazine
essay
petrobras magazine 57petrobras magazine 57petrobras magazine 57
Inaugurated in July 1909, the Rio de Janeiro Municipal Theatre
was celebrated by Pereira Passos (Mayor of the city at the
time) to be the culminating point of the URBANISTIC REVOLUTION planned for the city. Inspired by the Paris Opera
House, it combined classic lines with decoration inspired by the
Baroque period and by the ART NOUVEAU style
58 petrobras magazine
web_
access www.petrobras.com/magazine
and see more photos from the essay
álbumessay
EXPANDED OVER THE YEARS, THE THEATRE’S MAIN CONCERT HALL’S CAPACITY WENT FROM 1,739 TO TODAY’S 2,361 SPECTATORS. BY 1996, THE ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION HAD RECEIVED AN ADDITION, TO BE USED AS REHEARSAL SPACE (PREVIOUSLY DONE ON THE MAIN STAGE) OR EVEN FOR SMALLER PERFORMANCES
petrobras magazine 59
In 2008, to commemorate its centennial, the Theatre initiated its
most extensive reform. Petrobras contributed to the restoration
of this heritage building and delivered a new Municipal
Theatre to the city of Rio de Janeiro. The work recovered characteristics from the 1909 construction, such as the golden
hues of the façade (based on gold leaf) and original ornaments,
panels and paintings that had been hidden for decades
essay
petrobras magazine 61
ANGOLA
NAMIBIA
TANZANIA
LIBYA
NETHERLANDS
PORTUGAL
UNITED KINGDOM
TURKEY
IRAN INDIA
CHINA
AUSTRALIA
NEWZEALAND
SINGAPORE
JAPAN
NIGERIA
BENIN
BRAZIL
PARAGUAY
URUGUAY
ARGENTINA
CHILE
BOLIVIA
PERU
ECUADOR
COLOMBIA
VENEZUELA
UNITED STATES
MEXICO
CUBA
SALES OF PRODUCTS AND SERVICES (US$ MILLIONS)
NET OPERATING REVENUE (US$ MILLIONS)
NET PROFIT FOR THE YEAR (US$ MILLIONS)
PETROBRAS AROUND THE WORLD
EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION
REFINING
DISTRIBUTION
LUBE OIL PLANT
REPRESENTATION OFFICE
HEADQUARTERS
PETROCHEMICAL
BIOFUELS
ELECTRICAL ENERGY
PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION
62 petrobras magazine
93,893
112,425
146,529
115,892
150,852
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
72,347
87,735
118,257
91,869
120,052
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
12,826
13,411
17,733
16,823
19,475
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
14,643
20,978
29,874
35,134
45,078
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2.297
2.300
2.400
2.525
2.583
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
11.457
11.704
11.190
12.143
12.747
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
ANGOLA
NAMIBIA
TANZANIA
LIBYA
NETHERLANDS
PORTUGAL
UNITED KINGDOM
TURKEY
IRAN INDIA
CHINA
AUSTRALIA
NEWZEALAND
SINGAPORE
JAPAN
NIGERIA
BENIN
BRAZIL
PARAGUAY
URUGUAY
ARGENTINA
CHILE
BOLIVIA
PERU
ECUADOR
COLOMBIA
VENEZUELA
UNITED STATES
MEXICO
CUBA
INVESTMENTS (US$ MILLIONS)
DAILY PRODUCTION (Millions of BoE/day)*
TOTAL PROVEN RESERVES (Billions of BoE)*
* Average daily production of oil, LNG and natural gas * SEC criteria
overview
93,893
112,425
146,529
115,892
150,852
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
72,347
87,735
118,257
91,869
120,052
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
12,826
13,411
17,733
16,823
19,475
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
14,643
20,978
29,874
35,134
45,078
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2.297
2.300
2.400
2.525
2.583
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
11.457
11.704
11.190
12.143
12.747
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
energy that movesenergy that movesthe world!the world!
Petrobras joined Lomography, at www.lomography.com, to discover how people see energy around themselves and around the planet. Photographers from different continents sent thousands of pictures that together form the biggest LomoWall ever made in Latin America, exhibited at Museum of Modern Art of Rio de Janeiro, from 28th April to 15th May 2011. The exhibition marks the launch of Petrobras new global website, www.petrobras.com. Access our website
and see through the lens of these photographers the result of this experience.
www.petrobras.com
C
M
Y
CM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Ingles.pdf 1 4/18/11 2:27 PM
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