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Performative 3D Printed Building Skins: Towards an Adaptable Built Environment
Zofia Rybkowski, PhDzrybkowski@tamu.edu
Negar Kalantar, PhDkalantar@tamu.edu
Texas A&M UniversityCollege of Architecture
NSF Workshop on Additive Manufacturing for Civil Infrastructure Design and Construction
Arlington, VAJuly 13, 2017
Acknowledgements:
NSF-EAGER Grant #1548243
Research team:
Zofia Rybkowski, PhD (PI)
Negar Kalantar, PhD (co-PI)
Ergun Akleman, PhD (co-PI)
Tahir Cagin, PhD (co-PI)
Terry Creasy, PhD (co-PI)
Teaching collaborators:
Alireza Borhani, MArch
Dylan Shell, PhD
+ 66 student collaborators
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A B C D
A B C D
Diameter: 22 Ft (open position) and 3.3 Ft (closed position) Based on Hoberman's Geodesic Dome
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of ArchitectureResearch Collaborators: Kalantar, Borhani
Negar Kalantar Introduction
Expandable Spherical Cup IIDimension: 10 Ft side (open position) and 2 Ft (closed position)Material: Wood + Aluminum
Expandable Spherical Cup IDimension: 9 Ft side (open position) and 1 Ft (closed position)Material: Wood + Aluminum
http://vimeo.com/negarkalantar/spherical-domes
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of ArchitectureResearch Collaborators: Kalantar, Borhani
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of ArchitectureResearch Collaborators: Kalantar, Borhani
Negar Kalantar Introduction
tranSTUDIO & transLABResearch Collaborators: Kalantar, Clark, Kato, Hawkins, Miller& Nnaji
First Skin Second Skin Third Skin
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of Architecture
Mediator between Inside & Outside
Reaction to Environmental Changes
Responsive to the Occupant Needs
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of Architecture
Could our third skin be adaptive similar to our first skin?
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of Architecture
NOT REALLY!
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of Architecture
The Difference between Natural & Man-made Constructions
Nature Man-made
Material is expensive BUT complexity is free Complexity is expensive while material is not
Less material + More complex forms More material + Less complex forms
Images sources: https://www.pinterest.com/explore/natural-structures/
Bio-Inspired Approaches
Additive ManufacturingTechniques
Smart Materials
A New Way to Design an
Adaptive Building Skin
New ComputationalDesign Methods
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of ArchitectureResearch Collaborators: Kalantar, Borhani
• Reducing the number of susceptible mechanical parts such as hinges
• Local customization of geometry to change the properties of material
• All-in-one multifunctional component
Benefits of Additive Manufacturing in Adaptive Design:
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of Architecture
tranSTUDIOResearch Collaborators: Borhani, Kalantar & Ruby
Deformation Strategies
DisplacementsStrategies
3D Printing in Adaptive Design
Material-based Approach(A synergetic relation between the material thresholds
and performance)
Geometrically-informed Approach(Performative properties are linked to the geometry of
mechanisms)
tranSTUDIOROTA: An Airless Tire; Research Collaborators: Kalantar & Borhani
tranSTUDIOSolar Aperture; Research Collaborators: Kalantar & Borhani
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of Architecture
Performative 3D printing Strategies
Passive Strategies
Active Strategies
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of Architecture
Performative 3D printing Strategies
Passive Strategies
Active Strategies
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of Architecture
tranSTUDIOResearch Collaborator: Borhani, Kalantar, Houser, Hergert, , Casto, Kim, Dempsey, Gregory, Morahan, Wilson , Clark & Kolodziej
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of Architecture
tranSTUDIOResearch Collaborators: Kalantar, Borhani, Ritter & Gilbert
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of Architecture
The breathable wall system aims to satisfy the following criteria:
Get fresh air into the building & exhaust air out; Block sand from penetrating into the building; Cool down the air as it travels through the shaded zones; and Prevent light from directly entering the space.
tranSTUDIOResearch Collaborators: Kalantar, Borhani, Schaper, Williams, Newchurch, Doggett, Fuentes, Roose, Bradely & Mengers
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of Architecture
tranSTUDIOResearch Collaborators: Kalantar, Borhani & Callen
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of Architecture
Performative 3D printing Strategies
Distinct Joints(For linking multiple rigid elements)
Embedded Living Joints(For linking multiple rigid elements)
Using 2 different materials
Using a single material
Local zones of flexibility to adjust stiffness
With Joints(Rigid-link Mechanisms)
Without Joints(Flexures Mechanisms)
Passive Strategies
Active Strategies
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of Architecture
Performative 3D printing Strategies
Distinct Joints(For linking multiple rigid elements)
Embedded Living Joints(For linking multiple rigid elements)
Using 2 different materials
Using a single material
With Joints(Rigid-link Mechanisms)
Passive Strategies
Active Strategies
Local zones of flexibility to adjust stiffness
Without Joints(Flexures Mechanisms)
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of Architecture
tranSTUDIO & transLABResearch Collaborators: Kalantar, Clark & Kato
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of Architecture
tranSTUDIOResearch Collaborators: Borhani & Kalantar
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of Architecture
tranSTUDIOResearch Collaborators: Kalantar, Roose & Thompson
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of Architecture
tranSTUDIOResearch Collaborators: Kalantar, Wells, Henry, Yamaya, Al-Sholi & Bucklley
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of Architecture
Performative 3D printing Strategies
Distinct Joints(For linking multiple rigid elements)
Embedded Living Joints(For linking multiple rigid elements)
Using 2 different materials
Using a single material
With Joints(Rigid-link Mechanisms)
Passive Strategies
Active Strategies
Local zones of flexibility to adjust stiffness
Without Joints(Flexures Mechanisms)
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of Architecture
Performative 3D printing Strategies
Distinct Joints(For linking multiple rigid elements)
Embedded Living Joints(For linking multiple rigid elements)
Using 2 different materials
With Joints(Rigid-link Mechanisms)
Passive Strategies
Active Strategies
Using a single material
Local zones of flexibility to adjust stiffness
Without Joints(Flexures Mechanisms)
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of Architecture
tranSTUDIOResearch Collaborators: Kalantar, Ritter & Higgins
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of Architecture
tranSTUDIOResearch Collaborators: Akleman, Zarrinmehr, Kalantar, Borhani, Ettehad & Sueda
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of Architecture
tranSTUDIOResearch Collaborators: Akleman, Zarrinmehr, Kalantar, Borhani, Ettehad & Sueda
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of Architecture
Performative 3D printing Strategies
Distinct Joints(For linking multiple rigid elements)
Embedded Living Joints(For linking multiple rigid elements)
Using 2 different materials
Using a single material
Local zones of flexibility to adjust stiffness
With Joints(Rigid-link Mechanisms)
Without Joints(Flexures Mechanisms)
Passive Strategies
Active Strategies
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of Architecture
tranSTUDIOResearch Collaborators: Kalantar, Borhani & The Dream LAB at Virginia Tech
tranSTUDIOResearch Collaborators: Kalantar, Borhani & The Dream LAB at Virginia Tech
tranSTUDIO, Adaptive Design, Thought & FabricationTexas A&M University, College of Architecture
Project Management Process
Weekly Meetings
Weekly Meetings
Weekly Meetings
Minutes: Thorough Documentation of Each Meeting and Lab Session
Shared Website
Shared Website
https://transtudio2017.wordpress.com/
https://transtudio2016.wordpress.com/
https://transtudio2015.wordpress.com/
Presentation to Industry for Feedback
Plus-Delta Debriefings
+ Δ Xxxx XXX Xxxxxxxx Xxx xxxxxx Xxxx
Xxxx XXX
OAEC*
Current state 2P
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M
A
Current state 1
Future state 2
Current state 3P
I
M
A
Future state 3
Current state 4P
I
M
A
Future state 4
Tim
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tQ
ua
lity
Saf
ety
Mo
rale
Min
imum
Max
imum
Min
imum
Max
imum
Min
imum
Max
imum
Min
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Max
imum
Min
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Max
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P
I
M
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Future state n+1
Future state nCurrent state n
OAEC
OAEC
OAEC
Time
C U L T U R E o f R E S P E C T
Continuous Improvement
• IDEO idea generation method used
• Teams met at the same time each week
• Teams crossed into different departmental labs as well as studios
• Thorough documentation of each meeting
• Information shared on common websites
• Presentations to & feedback from members of industry
• End-of-semester debriefings (plus-delta)
• Continuous improvement “kaizen stairway”
Project Management Process
Zofia Rybkowski, PhDzrybkowski@tamu.edu
Negar Kalantar, PhDkalantar@tamu.edu
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