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Payments for Ecosystem Services Using Product Bundles to Prevent Deforestation in Tropical Montane Cloud Forests

TROPENTAG 2015 September 16 - 18, Berlin (Germany)

Pablo Martín-Ortega, AGTRAIN PhD fellow 1,2,3 (marortpab@gmail.com) Prof. Dr. Luis Gonzaga García-Montero1. University professor Dr. Nicole Sibelet2,3. Researcher, Sociologist, Anthropologist

1Department of forest engineering, forest and environment management, School of Forestry

Engineering, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Spain

2CIRAD, UMR Innovation, 34 398 Montpellier Cedex 3 CATIE, Turrialba 30501, Costa Rica

Conference: Management of land use systems for enhanced food security – conflicts, controversies and resolutions

Endangered ecosystems (1.4% of tropical forest area, but 50 % of neotropical species)

Outstanding ecosystem services

Water, C sink and biodiversity

Source: Cloud Forest Agenda, UNEP

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Tropical Mountain Cloud Forests (TMCFs)

Major cause of TMCFs depletion

Slash and burn

Coffee and other crops

Subsistence agriculture

Source: Practical action

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Land use change: Agriculture

Source: FCMC (USAID)

Average farm sizes:

102 ha in 2000 (Sánchez-Azofeifa et al. 2007)

165 ha in 2005 (Arriagada et al. 2012)

What is the role of small farmers?

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Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES)

Tenure insecurity in frontier areas

High opportunity costs for conservation

Small farms

Source: Community cloud forest conservation

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PES are contracts

Including farmers with less resources

Poorer and smaller landowners located in TMCFs remote areas

How PES respond the needs in these areas

Source: www.abomore.org 6

Current PES could improve

Carbon, water and biodiversity

But also socioeconomic factors

Local farmers perception

Source: (Wünscher et al. 2006) 7

ES services in bundles

Improvement in decision-making with ES bundles

Open and easy to use and understand technology for natural resources*

Exportable to similar AFS situations

Poverty alleviation

New insight in TMCFs as ES providers

Source: www.blog.worldagroforestry.org

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Importance of the research

Identify and measure ES in selected areas

Developing a PES which includes less favored or excluded farmers

Analyze the socio-economic impact

Understand stakeholder’s perceptions and interests

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Objectives

How can be ES effectively measured and monitored?

What factors drive land use change in TMCFs?

How stakeholders perceive PES?

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Research Questions

Source: CLIMIFORAD

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Study Area

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Geospatial analysis, using collect earth and free on-line available LANDSAT imagery using Google Earth Engine API

Field sampling for validation of geospatial methods (Soil C, Water, Biodiversity)

Analysis of socio-economic variables through surveys using social sciences approach (semi-structured interviews). (Sibelet et al, 2013)

Methods

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1. Cloud map = TMCFs cover

2. Land use change in TMCFs cover

3. Bundling of ES using “Collect Earth technology”

4. Scoring

Geospatial methodology

Geographic, social and historical data

Interviews provide a realistic approach

Rural livelihoods <-> PES ?

Open, closed or semi-structured and iterative.

Source: www.bonappetit.com

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Social science methodology: Surveys

Intuitive geospatial methodology

Easily adaptable in developing countries

Participative tool

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Integrative Model

PES scheme exportable to other ecosystems

Instructions and methods

ES bundle trading tool

New PES policy options

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Expected outputs

Source: www.abomore.org

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Thank you, questions please!

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Exportable PES scheme

Instructions and methods

ES bundle trading tool

New PES policy options

How can be ES effectively measured and monitored?

What factors drive land use change in TMCFs?

How stakeholders perceive PES?

Research questions

Expected outputs

e-mail: marortpab@gmail.com