paul Şerban agachi babeş-bolyai university drc conference, cluj-napoca,5-6 november 2010
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DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
NEW TRENDS IN WORLD HIGHER EDUCATION
Paul Şerban AGACHIBabeş-Bolyai University
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
GLOBALLY COMPETITIVE, LOCALLY ENGAGED
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
Outline
Phenomena dominating world Higher Education/ Context
Diversification of HE World HE landscape Rankings and benchmarking European HE landscape Romanian trends
Context
Demographic decline in Europe Global competition for human capital Increased mobility of the students Global financial crisis World Class University
…… highly competitive climate
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
Evolution of HE (http://www.changinghighereducation.com/2009/07/unescos-world-conference-on-higher-education-.html)
New actors on HE scene(~30,000 HEIs; ~17,000 Unis)
Massification of the HE: students enrolled in all aspects of postsecondary education around
the globe - around 150 million the number of tertiary students worldwide grew by 50% from 2000 to
2007
Increased mobility of the students, professors, researchers (ex. 5,6M intnl students in 2020, 2M in 2006)
Globally, the number of university aged people who enrolled in higher education increased from 19% in 2000 to 26% in 2007
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
Evolution of HE (http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/)
Private higher education now accounts for 30% of global enrollment
Engineers shortage - threat
New concept of World Class University
Autonomy and accountability
Evaluations, classifications, rankings (first in the USA -1983, Germany - 1998, China - 1998)
Africa – still a problem ( 6% of the relevant age group is enrolled in HE)
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
European HE landscape(Europe’s New Higher Education Landscape, EUA)
5600 HE institutions 40 M Students Extremely diverse HEIs belonging to
different cultures
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
What do we expect from HE(Sybille Reichert, EUA Palermo, 2010)
educate graduates to be critically minded, innovative, analytical, internationally adept, with good communication and team skills
train and retrain people of different backgrounds and qualifications for diverse working contexts/ levels / life phases
produce frontier research to compete internationally for best qualified researchers and research funds and help market knowledge environment to attract foreign investment
produce applied research of relevance for regional and national innovation
solve global environmental, technical, economic, social problems (climate, energy, hunger, health, mobility, access)
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
Diversification of HE(Sybille Reichert, EUA Palermo, 2010)
Institutional “diversity“ or “differentiation”: US discussion vs. European
External diversity (institutional profiles) vs. internal diversity (staff, students, programs, HE activity dimensions)
Horizontal vs. vertical differentiation --values attributed to different kinds of institutions/ functions / different types of diversity
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
Diversification of HE(Sybille Reichert, EUA Palermo, 2010)
Vertical differentiation = hierarchy of values for different dimensions of HE activities, different mixes among institutions
Horizontal differentiation= parity of esteem
England: Internally conflicted case of vertical diff: explicit diversity policy but strong emphasis on research quality and volume in funding differentiation
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
Diversification of HE(Sybille Reichert, EUA Palermo, 2010)
France: shift from professional excellence to research as principle of vertical differentiation in elite part of system
Norway: Traditionally more horizontally differentiated (strong emphasis on regional diversity) becoming more vertically differentiated along research performance measures
Switzerland: values, laws, funding and regional influences support more horizontal differentiation (high level vocational/ professional training highly regarded)
Slovak Rep.: vertical differentiation through inst. typology
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
Rankings and benchmarking
HE landscape is very complicated Who needs information?
Society Governments Stakeholders
World rankings/Regional rankings
China - Shanghai Jiao Tong ARWU ranking – 2005
UK - QS World University Ranking - 2005Taiwan - HEEACT Global Ranking – 2007Russia – World University Ranking - 2009Spain – Webometrics Rankings of World
Universities – 2005
Europe –CHERPA ARWU - 2011UK - QS Asia University Rankings – 2009Spain - Webometrics Rankings of Latin
American Universities - 2009DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
ARWU 2009 – UNIVERSITIES IN THE REGION
World Rank
Institution*
Regional
Rank
Country
National
Rank
Score on
HiCi
Score on
N&S
Score on
PUB
Score on
PCP201-302 Charles Uni 80-125 Cze 1
0 11.9 42.5 18.3
303-401 Eotvos Lorand 126-170 Hun 1-2 10.3 9.1 23.4 13.7
303-401 Jagellonian Uni 126-170 Pol 1-2 7.3 4.8 31.6 15.6
303-401 Sankt Petersburg
126-170 Russia
20 6.3 28.9 16.1
303-401 Warsaw Uni 126-170 Pol 1-20 6.6 33.1 16.7
303-401 Szeged Uni 126-170 Hun 1-2 7.3 4.7 23 13.4
77 Moscow State Uni
24 Russia
18.2 48.7 31.7 26.9
700 - 800
University of Bucharest
2
BBU 1
Global university rankings
Focus on sciences
Confined to research excellence of international research
universities (in sciences):de-valuation of other profiles
Cultural and
language bias
Neglect of teaching
and learning
Neglect of non-
university
research
Global rankings – (Federkeil, Kaiser, IREG5, Berlin, 2010)
Need to take into account diversity of higher education institutions
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
Classification and ranking: Mapping diversity (Federkeil, Kaiser, IREG5, Berlin, 2010)Diversity of higher education institutions in
Europe/the world
Identifying comparable
institutions that can be compared in one
ranking
CLASSIFICATION U-MAP
Description of horizontal diversity
Activity profiles
RANKINGS U-MULTIRANK
Assessment of vertical diversity
Performance profiles
Complementary instruments of transparency
+
Multi-dimensional global university ranking
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
Multi-dimension comparisons enriches the diagnosis (Salmi, IREG 5 -2010)
U-Map and U-Multirank
Activity profiles of institutions
Multi-dimensional global university ranking
ClassificationU-Map
Multidimenisonal rankings
Profile A
Profile B
...
Teaching and learningResearch
involvementKnowledge exchange
Regional engagement
Dimen-sion 1
Dimen-sion 2
Dimen-sion 3
Dimen-
sion ...
Multiple excellences
International orientation
Student profile
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
U-Multirank - Dimensions
Engineering
BusinessMechanical engineering
Electrical engineering
Teaching & Learning
Research
Knowledge Transfer
International Orientation
Regional Engagement
Focused institutiona
l ranking
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
European Benchmarking Initiative(2006-2008 ; 2008-2010)
Benchmarking enables universities to: Measure and compare performance to the competition Self-assess their performance in selected areas Support strategy formulation and implementation Strengthen institutional identity Obtain data for decision making Better understand processes Set targets for improvement Share good practice, learn from others how to improve Respond to national and international performance
standards Be accountable to stakeholders Set new standards for the sector.
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
European Benchmarking Initiative(2006-2008 ; 2008-2010)
Four Themes Governance (Gov)
Priority: Risk Mangement Curriculum Reform (CR)
Priority: Bologna Reforms University-Enterprise Cooperation (UEC)
Priorities: Strategy, knowledge exchange, data collection
Life-Long Learning (LLL)Priority: CPD
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
European reactions
German reaction - “Exzellenzinitiative” -2004Research schools - 39Clusters of excellence -37Institutional strategies - 9
French reaction “Investire pour l’avenir” - 2009 35 Billion Euros 16 Billion Euros (Campus for Excellence)
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
Romanian HE landscape
109 HEIs 750.000 students 12.000 international students Homogeneity of the HE environment
Similar programs Similar characteristics copying more important
universities Mechanisms of homogenization: mimetism, norms,
coercision (CNEAA/ARACIS, CNFIS)
Trend towards a reduced efficiency
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
Motivation for change
Too many HEIs of low quality (ARACIS report – 2009)
Differentiation of HEIs function of aspirations and realities
Defining HEIs as driving factors for society and economy at national, regional and local level
Competitive climate between HEIs
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
Possible solutions
Towards LLL Towards internationalization Differentiation
Vertical: 3-5 World Class Universities (in the top) with international relevance
Horizontal: ~8 nationally relevant HEIs ~ 16-20 locally relevant HEIs
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
Romanian reaction
One Education law 2 projects + 1
Quality and Leadership for HE Research in universities of excellence+ Doctoral schools
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
Romanian reaction
2 projects + 1 Quality and Leadership for HE Research in universities of excellence+ Doctoral schools
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
POSDRU projects
Research in universities of excellence National exercise of research evaluation
(42 fields) Program of excellence (10% of
universities)
Quality & Leadership Vision 2525 for HE system Horizontal differentiation – similar rights
for different categories of HEIs
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
political & economic stability, rule of law, basic
freedoms
resources & incentives
quality assurance & enhancemen
t
telecommunications & digital
infrastructure
governance & regulatory framework
diversification, articulation &
information mechanisms
vision, leadership & reform capacity
location
attainmentequity
learningresearch
technology transfervalues
results
DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010
Thank you!
▪ Paul Șerban Agachi▪ serban.agachi@ubbcluj.ro▪ www.ubbcluj.ro
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