papyrus summer part 2 ed version - fobg€¦ · spring in the garden andrew smith every year at...

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F R IE N DSO F B U RN LE YG AR D EN S INC

Papyrus Summer Edition Part 2

No. 64-Summer 2016

FEATURES

SPRING IN THE GARDEN ANDREW SMITH

Every year at this time I walk around the Gardens and can’t wait to tell anyone who’sinterestedhowgoodBurnley looks in spring.Nomatterwhere you turn, the flowers andfoliage are looking at their best. This year is even better than usual, with the last fewmonthsofrainfallprovidingexcellentsoilconditionsforthespringflushofgrowth.One area that always improveswith spring rainfall is the grassland in the native garden.Thesenon-irrigatedbedsvarygreatlyinhowtheylook,dependingonthetimeofyearandrainfall thathasoccurredduring the coolermonths. For thoseof youunfamiliarwith thisgrasslandarea, let’s just say ithasn’tbeeneasy toachieve thedesiredoutcomeof JamesHitchmough’s original 1991 design. In a nutshell, the Burnley soilwas too fertile and theweed seedbank in the top layerof soil far tooprevalent toeverhaveagardenbed thatcouldbe sustainablymaintained. It lookedgoodwithhigh labour inputs,high rainfall andannualreplantingofthefloweringgrasslandspeciesbutwithoutthosethreeconditions, itneverreachedthepotentialHitchmoughhadenvisioned.

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Thegrasslandinthenativegardenafterrain

As mentioned in other articles in this newsletter, the passing of Geoff Olive in lateSeptember, althoughnot unexpected,was a great personal loss tomyself, aswell as theGardens.Geoffwasmymentorandaconstant sourceofknowledgeonall thingsBurnleyandplantsingeneral.Hismorethan30yearlegacytoBurnleywilllongberemembered.NooneinBurnley’spasthistory,apartfromLuffmann,hascreatedandinfluencedsomuchofwhatweseeintheBurnleyGardenstoday.Notonlythecreationofindividualgardenareassuchastheherb,sunken,rosegardensbutalsoredefiningspacessuchastheAzalealawn,shady walk and the walls on the main building. His choice of plants, flower colour andstudentlearningoutcomeshassetthestandardforBurnley,nowandintothefuure.ThanksGeoff.

Thegardeninspringtowardoaklawn

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IANPENROSE-Whereishenow? MICHELEADLERSomeofyoumayrememberYarraRiverKeeperIanPenrosewhocametotalktousandalsoattendedourFOBGOpenDays,promotingthehealthoftheYarra.Hehasbeenintouch.Totriggeryourmemory,hereisapictureofMickey…sorryIaninrelaxedmoodonRabidaintheGalapagos

Justincaseyoudidn’tknow,theYarraRiverAssociation“advocatesfortheRiver:forgreenspaces,forwaterquality, forbiodiversity, forthebirds,animals, insectsandreptilesalongtheRiver,forgoodplanningdecisions,forthetributaries,fortheparklands,forappropriaterecreation; and for an understanding of our river and its role in the life of the city ofMelbourne.Theylobbygovernmentsandeducatethecommunity.TheytellthestoryoftheRiver.”http://yarrariver.org.au/who-we-are/Backin2012,IantookacoupleofFOBGmembersoutinhisKeeper’sboattolookatwhatwasgoingonfromafish-eyeviewofourwaterwaythathassuchanimportantparttoplayatourBurnleyGardenssite.Belowareacoupleofpicsfromthatexcursion.

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IanpullsatrolleyfromtheRiver. FOBGmembersMichèleAdler(L)andLizCooper(R)exploretheYarrafromthewater

(2012).

Now Ian reports: “After nine years as the YarraRiver Keeper I retired two years ago andhandedtheroleovertoagreatguy,AndrewKelly.Mytimeisnowoccupiedasastudent-backattheUniversityofMelbournestudyinginaMasterofEnvironmentcourse–focussingmainly on the broad questions of sustainability, consumerism, economic growth andenvironmentalphilosophy. Myminor thesisnextyearwillbeabouthow thenewsmediaframethedebateaboutAustralia’spopulation–atopicoflongstandinginteresttome.It’sallverychallengingformyoldbrain,butveryrewarding.Learningisafunpartofliving”.WelookforwardtohearingfromIanagain,perhapsafterhisthesisissubmitted.AllthebestIan.

SANDRA MCMAHON SandraMcMahondesignedtheterraces at the Swan Stentrance to Burnley Gardens.Sandra is the new VicePresident of the FOBG andownerofGardenscapeDesign.

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ANIGOZANTHOS 'Gold Velvet' SANDRA MCMAHON

This impressive hybrid Kangaroo Paw was bred for toughness and general landscapeconditions.IthasperformedamazinglyinthenewsectionofnativegardenalongtheSwanStreetfrontageoftheBurnleyCampus.Itisverylowmaintenanceandhasveryclean,densefoliagewithmagnificentyellowflowersthatreach1metretallandareondisplay formostof theyear -so faratBurnley ithasn'tstoppedfloweringinthethirteenmonthssinceplanted!Itsfoliagegetsto50-60centimetres.Comparedtootherkangaroopawsithasveryhighfrostanddroughttolerance,andismoreresistanttoblackspot,whichhasalwaysbeenaproblemwithkangaroopawsintheeasternstates.Anall-roundfabulousplant!

Anigozanthos'GoldVelvet'picturedhereintheforegroundwithChrysocephalem'DesertFlame'andXerochrysum'DarganHillMonarch'

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ELLIS STONES AND BEV HANSEN

MICHELE ADLER

DidyouknowthatBurnleyhasanareathatwasdesignedbythefamousEllisStones?TheEllisStonesrockoutcropatBurnleyisoutsidetheNurseryNorthwestoftheTearDroplawn.WhowasEllisStones?Hewasabuilder“discovered”byEdnaWalling.Shewassoenchantedwithhisinternalrockworkthatshepersuadedhimtodoheroutsiderocklandscaping.Whatafindshemadeandwhatamasterhebecame.Ellis’abilitytomakeagardenwithlargelandscapingrocksisnow‘setinstone’(sotospeak).Recentlywehada visit from formerBurnley graduateBevHansonwhoworkedwithEllisStonesaftershegraduatedfromBurnley.BevcametohelptheFriendsfindoutmoreabouttheEllisStonesrockgardeninthegrounds. ItwasactuallyBevwhodrewuptheplantingplanforEllis.SandiPullman,ourhistoricalsleuthcameacrosstheplanintheStateLibrary.OnasunnyautumndayBevcametoBurnleyandexplainedhowEllislikedtolayhisrocks–largeones–partlyburiedwithonly the top¾emerging. She toldus thatEllisdidn’tuselandscapingmachineryandeverythingwasmanipulatedbyhand.Therockswereplacedtomake them look as if they had always been there. To augment the beautiful rocks Ellisplantedalotofgroundcovers,usingthesamespeciesmultipletimesto‘echo’theplantsinthelandscape.Australianplantsweredifficulttogetinthe‘60’sbecauseno-onewasusingthemingardens.However,therewereafewnurseriesaboutthathadsome.Thedesiredplantingswereoftensubstitutedbecausetheyweresimplynotavailable.EllisregularlyusedDietesgrandiflora (WildIris)fromAfricaforexample. SuchwasthecaseatBurnleyandeventhoughwehadaplantinglisttheeventualplantingwasmuchrestricted.Bevkindlyspentmuchoftheafternoonwithus,takingcaretopointoutthatsomeoftheplantsintheadjacentgardenhadbecometoobigandneededpruningback.AndrewSmithtooknote.TheEllis Stones restorationwasanearlyprojectof TheFriendsandnowwithnew-foundinformation, Andrew Smith (our Burnley Gardens Manager) will continue to follow EllisStonesvisionthroughBevHansen’sinterpretation.As a little treatwe later tookBev to thenewGreenRoofGarden tohave a cuppa and achance to seeBurnley’s innovativeapproach togreening the city. AndBevkindly invitedTheFriendlyGuidestocomeandvisithergardeninWarrandytewhichwedidinlateAugust2016justasallthewildflowerswerecomingintoflower.(articleaboutthevisitfollows).

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BevHansen’sGardenItwasawindy,cold,winterdaywithintermittentshowers,sunshineandhail.Weskippedbetween the rainand icedropsandhadadelightful tourofBev’sgardenon the topofaridgeinWarrandyte.BevexplainedthatsheandherhusbandJohnhadbuilttheirhouseinthe‘70’s.Thesitethattheychoseforthehousewasflatinthemiddleofaeucalyptforest.Asyoucanimaginethegroundwasstony,welldrainedandnutrientfree.Inotherwords,itwastheperfectsiteforanativegarden.Bevsettoworkdiggingholesforpondsandwiththestonyspoilraisingthegroundadjacentfor planting, creating height and depth. She transformed a flat uninteresting site into agardenwith3dimensionsandloadsofcharacter.OfcoursethenowtrademarkEllisStoneslarge landscape rocks featuredstrongly. Nearly40years later the rocksarecoveredwithmossandplantsspilloverthem.Lowareascontainfrogpondsandthereisadelightfulviewfromeverywindow,oftenintwodirections.

MosscoveredrocksatBevHansen'sproperty

Overmorning teawemusedabout theephemeral natureof gardens; even thoseof veryfamous landscape designers such as EdnaWalling and Ellis Stones are hard to find thesedays.Bevnotedthatanumberofheroriginalchosenplantsneedtoberenewedafter40years.

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One of the enduring things about Ellis Stones and Bev Hansen’s gardens are the hugelandscaperocks.Theyoftenremainwhenplantshavegone.Welaughed.“Theyarehardtomove”saidBev.

BevHansenwithEllisStonesmemorabiliaandplantcatalogues

FriendlyguidesvisitBev’slovelyWarrandytehome

FromL=JillKellow,JaneWilson,RobinCalabresi,ChrisMorrissey,BevHansen(owner),BarbBrookes.MichèleAdleristakingthephoto

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PLANT CONTAINERS – A POTTED HISTORY BEV HANSEN

…How they have changed!When I startedatBurnleyHorticultureCollege in1959plants in thenurserywerealwaysgrowninTerracottapotsofvarioussizes.Weweretaughtdrainagewasimportant.Brokenpotswereusedtocovertheholeatthebottomandcoarseaggregateaddedbeforethesoilandplant.Thesepotswerebulkytostorewouldbreakeasilyandwithonlyoneholecouldblock,causingdrainageproblems.Soon after, all kinds of recycled tins were used as containers; from the small dog/catfood/beercantothelarger7lbjam/pineapple/beetroottins,andonuptokerosenetinsetc.The great disadvantage was it required a can opener to make drainage holes and thedifficulty removing the plant often requiring tinsnips. Some purposemade tin containersalsocameonthemarketroundthistime.Tin,however,invariablyrustedoutifthereforanylengthoftime.In 1972/3 straight sided 3inch plastic tubeswere introduced on themarket. Thesewerehard to remove andwould not stack one inside the other. 2inch plastic tubes appearedaboutthesametime.NonewereUVresistantsobrokedownrapidly.Soontheplasticpots,ofallsizes,wearenowfamiliarwith,appeared;UV-tolerant,tapered,tostackandremovetheplanteasily.Plasticbagswerealsoused.Theforestrytubewasoriginallywoodenveneered.Thesecametonurserymenasaflatpackwhichhadtobeshapedaroundamouldandheld togetherwithastapleor rubberband.Theyhadtobestackedinaboxtokeepuprightbeforeaddingpottingmix.Theseweretheforerunnersof the current,much less labour intensive,UV- tolerantPVC tapered forestrytubesusedsuccessfullytoday.Therehavebeenothertypesandcoloursofcontainersintroduced;butthecurrentpopularblacktaperedcontainers,Ithink,willbehereforalongtime.

SUGAR GLIDERS OR SHORT HEADED ROPE DANCERS?

MICHELE ADLER

Petaurus breviceps, otherwise commonly known as a Sugar Glider is a curious littlemarsupial.It sleepsduring theday inahollownestingspot inanold treeandcomesoutatnight tofeedon:yes,sugarynectar fromeucalyptandother flowersorpollenoracaciaseedsbuttheyalsoeatinsects,fruitandveges–Soitmaybesugargliderseatingyourfruitatnight,notjustpossums.Anditmaybesugargliderspollinatingyourbanksias.

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Inthewinterinparticulargliderswillfeedonacaciagum,eucalyptussapandmanna.Theycanstripthebarkofftreesoryoumaynoticeboreholesinatrunkwherethesugarglidershaveusedtheirteethtoaccessstoredliquidgum.Theymayalsoeatlizards,lerp,birdeggsorevensmallbirds.Ineverknewthatsuchmayhemwasgoingonatnight.Thelengthfromthenosetothetipofthetail isabout24to30cm,andmalesarea littleheavierthanfemalesweighinginat140gramsand115gramsrespectively.Theyhavesoftbluish-greyfurandstripyheads.Amembraneconnectstheirforelegsandhindlegstotheirbodyand it is thismembrane thatallows themtoglide from tree to tree. It’salsoofusewhentheyneedtoescapefromapredator.Inthewildtheycanbreedonaveragetwiceperyearandthey live infamilygroups. Iwassurprisedtoreadthat inVictoria,SouthAustraliaandtheNT,sugargliderscanbekeptaspets,butnotintheotherstates.Astheyaresocialanimalstheymaygetlonelyifkeptasasinglepet.Ithinkitmaybebetterthattheyarelefttobewildinthebushoryourgarden.–butthere’sanotherreasontokeepyourcatinatnight.Doyouhavesugargliders inyourgarden?Doyouevergooutatnightto lookforcritterswithatorch?Youcouldbesurprisedatwhatyoumayfind.Petaurus breviceps, translates from Latin as "short-headed rope-dancer", a reference totheiraerobaticsinthetrees–Iratherliketheimagethatconjuresup.

SugarGliderwakingupinanestingboxlinedwithleavesandbarkinBevHansen’sWarrandytegarden.Thisoneishavingarestfrom“ropedancing”.

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GHOSTBUSTING IN THE GARDENS JILL KELLOW

The appearance in the gardens of awomanwho seems to be equipped for a part in thelatestGhostBustersmoviehasarousedquiteafewquestionsfromstaffandstudentslately.

WHO YA GOING TO CALL? JILL KELLOW

No, theGardens are not haunted – this apparition is the result of the latest initiative byGardens Manager Andrew Smith. Some years ago, Andrew had employed Jill Kellow toconduct a census of theGardens. The Trees had already beenmapped byArborist SteveFitzgerald,usingGPSequipmentandhisownmappingprogram.WhenAndrewaskedJillto“dotheshrubs”, itwasdecidedthattheavailableGPSsystemwasn’taccurateenoughforsuchfinescalework,sothesurveyofalltheotherplants(notjusttheshrubs)wasdonebyhandandeye.Foronereasonoranother,theprojectwasnotcompletedatthetime,thoughasubstantialamount was done. Over the following years there have been numerous changes in theGardens.Treeshavedied (e.g. theErythrinacaffra)orhad tobe removed (e.g. theSugarGum),andtherehavebeenseveralredevelopments(suchastheSwanStreetEntrance)andnewplantings,suchastheRainGarden,nottomentionquiteafewchangestoplantnames.AndrewrealisedthattheexistingCensuswasinneedofanupdate,andhewassuccessfulinobtainingfundingfromtheGroundsdepartmentoftheUniversity.

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This time JillKellowandPhDcandidateGregorSanderswereemployed;Gregor todesignthesoftwareandhandletheIT,andJilltorecordtheplants.Therehavebeenafewhiccupsaswesortedoutthenewsystem,butbynow,theendofOctober,thingsaregoingalongrelatively smoothly. Jill is delightedwith theGPSequipment,which “takes theguessworkout of it” – that is exceptwhen thepositionmarker jumps about, leavingher towonderwhichisthetrueposition!Overallthoughitisagreatimprovement,andwhenfinished,thecensusshouldproveausefultoolforGardensstaffandstudents.

FellowplantrecorderGregorSanders(akaSpengler)

DID YOU KNOW? TheRoyalBotanicGardensKewreportTheStateoftheWorld’sPlants,revealsthat

• Therearecurrently390,900speciesofknownplants.

• Oneinfiveoftheworld’splantspeciesisthreatenedwithextinction,puttingsuppliesof

foodandmedicinesatrisk.

• Butthereportalsofoundthat2,000newspeciesofplantarediscoveredeveryyear,raisinghopesofnewsourcesoffoodthatareresilienttodiseaseandclimatechange.Newfindsin2015includedagiantinsect-eatingplant,Droseramagnifica,firstspottedonFacebookbyaplantspecialistreviewingpostingsfromanorchidhunter.

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BOTANIC GARDEN HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY JANE WILSON

“Just10minutesonfootfromSapporostation,a‘greenoasis’sitsamongthehighbuildings.Once you step inside, you are in another world, of birdsong, rich and gentle terrain,abundant water and great elm trees. A precious landscape that has survived thedevelopmentofSapporo.ThisistheBotanicGarden,whichaspartofHokkaidoUniversity,fulfilsavitalroleasaplaceofeducation,researchandsystematiccollection.Around4,000taxaofplantsnativetoHokkaidocanbefoundhereinthe13.3hectaregarden.”Doesn’tthatdescriptionfromthebrochureremindyouofourBurnleyGardens?Mylong-sufferinghusband,John,knowsthatthefirstthingwewilldowhenwevisitanewtownorcityisvisittheirBotanicGarden.Youcanlearnsomuchaboutaplace–it’shistoryandculture–fromtheirBotanicGardenorparks.Sapporowasthefirstplacewestayedona2½weektriptoHokkaidoandNorthernHonshuin September/October this year. This part of Japan does not have the famous gardensfoundfurthersouthbutthereareplentyofsmallerandmoreintimategardenstoseewithavarietyofstyles.“TheBotanicGardenislocatedontheplainoftheToyohiroRiver.Untilthe1920’sthiswasafertileandabundantareawithmanynaturalsprings.Aswellastheremainsofpitdwellingsover1000yearsold,theBotanicGardenincludesvestigesofthevirginbroadleavedforestthat was here before the garden was established (species include Ulmus davidiana var.japonica, Acer pictum subsp. mono, Quercus crispula, Alnus japonica and Populussuaveolens).In1877Dr.WilliamClark,thenVice-principaloftheSapporoAgriculturalCollege(foundedin1886,nowHokkaidoUniversity),recommendedthatagardenbeestablishedforthestudyof botany. In 1886, following the designs of Dr.Miyabe Kingo, the Botanic Garden was

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opened.ItwasthefirstmodernstylebotanicgardeninJapan.AlsolikeBurnleyGardens,thegardenwasafocusforthestudyanddistributionofforeigntimberspecies.”.WithinthegardenthereareaRosegarden,HerbaceousPlantsGarden,NorthernPeople’sEthnobotanicalGarden, LilacAvenue (the flower of Sapporo),Greenhouses, Alpine PlantsRockGarden,aCanadianRockGarden(establishedtocommemoratethepartnershipwiththeUniversityofBritishColumbia)andmanyotherinterestingthingstosee.

Ulmusdavidianavar.japonica(JapaneseElm)

Oneofthe40Lilacs

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FOBG TALKS BREEDING AUSTRALIAN ORCHIDS JAN CHAMBERLAIN

Jeanne Dunn spoke to us about AustraliannativeorchidsinOctoberShe has been a member of the AustralianNativeOrchidSocietyforover30yearsandbreedsorchidsasahobby. Shehasa largeshadehousethatfaceseastwest.Insideareneatly arranged pots containing orchidsthat Jeanne has bred. Her shade house ismeticulously clean which keeps pests anddiseasestoaminimum.Ifanyplantsrequiretreatment for disease she will take theplants outside to treat them as there arefrogs living in the shade house. The floorcovering is scoria which helps keep thehumidity up. Jeanne uses Spanish Moss(Tillandsia usneoides) as a humidityindicator in her shade house. Breedingorchidsalsorequiresexcellentrecordkeepingandhershadehouseresemblesagraveyardaseachofthepotshasawhitelabeldetailingthebreedinghistoryinit.(http://www.anos.org.au/)Orchidflowershave3sepalsand3petalswiththethirdpetalbeingverydifferent.It'scalledthelabellum.Epiphyticorchidsare‘airplants’astheydon'thaverootsinthesoilandtheseareJeanne’spassion.Orchidsthatgrowonrocksarecalledlithophytes.Dendrobium (sometimes calledDockrillia) are the largest groupof epiphytes in theworldwith over 1400 species. There are 60 species inAustraliamainly inQueensland andNewSouthWales. There are 5 species of epiphytes in Victoria and 3 cymbidiums in Australia.There are a number of species in PapuaNewGuinea and these have some colour in theflowersJeannehasaspecialpottingmixwheresheusesthreepartsofbark,onepartofperlite,onepartscoriaandonepartofaWayneTurvillemix(itcontainsbark,scoriaandcharcoal).Shealwayssiftsittogetridofthefines(theygoontotheveggiegarden).Afertilizermadefromhorse poo in water and diluted to look like weak tea and then strained is used on theorchids.Jeannebroughtalongafewspecimensforsaleandsomepeoplehelpeddemonstratehowtotieanorchidtoarockandputitinapot.Shealsohadsomepossumhatsforsale.

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SomeveryhappyFriendswanderedawaywithorchidsandhats.

Babydendrobiumsforsale Dendrobium(syn.Dockrillia)bredbyJeanneDunn

BLIMEY! WOMEN GARDENERS SANDI PULLMAN

In August Sandi presented her thoroughly researched andinterestingtalkonLuffman’sgroundbreakingbut,perhapsforthe Board, unwanted introduction of women into Burnley..This enabled many women to learn about horticulture andcreatedatraditionofthecollegeproducingmanyfinefemalegardenersandlandscapers.Ultimatelyhowever,itmayhavebeenthereasonthathewasdismissedfromhispositionbytheBoardwhowereshockedbythe introduction of women into a male domain. The reasongiven by the board was his poor gardening techniques. Wehavea lottothankLuffmanfor,andforSandiforsharingherpassionforandresearchintothesubject.

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TERRARIUM WORKSHOP JENNENE ARNEL

On Saturday 8October around 15 peopleattended a Terrarium Workshop led bySascha Andrusiak (left) After showing usthe many beautiful terrariums she hasmade, Sascha supplied each of us with aglassjar,charcoal,sand,pottingmix,moss,pebblesandaselectionofplantsandgaveusstepbystepinstructionsformakingourown'magic'terrarium.There was lots of chatter as we createdour unique terrarium, each with its ownstyle. It was a very interesting andsatisfyingworkshopwhichconcludedwitheach participant proudly taking home acompletedterrarium.

PETER DYER’S BACKYARD HONEY

EveryonewasbuzzingatapiaristPeterDyer’stalkonhowtocultivatetheirownhive.Petertoldattendeesof his innovative apiary servicewhich enabled localcitydwellerswiththeskillsandequipmentnecessarytohostbeehivesandobtainpure localhoney fromtheirownbackyards. “Ourown”Burnleyhoneywasinpopulardemand.Peter's talk was quite informal. He took questionsfromthefloorandansweredthemastheycame.Thismeant that Peter really addressed the needs of theaudience. We learned that suburban bees inmanagedhivesaregoodsince theyyieldpollinationtointernalgardensandthereisareductioninillnessas they are not constantly being changed fromonestandtoanother.PeterDyeratworkonahive

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Peter's talkwas quite informal. He took questions from the floor and answered them astheycame.ThismeantthatPeterreallyaddressedtheneedsoftheaudience.Welearnedthat suburban bees in managed hives are good since they yield pollination to internalgardensand there isa reduction in illnessas theyarenotconstantlybeingchanged fromonestandtoanother.Healsogavesomebasicsontendingbees,suchas,placingthehiveunderadeciduoustree,so that the bees get shelter from the cold/frost in winter and later in the heat of theMelbourne summer, they are also sheltered. Otherwise bees expend a lot of energy inkeeping thehivewarm (winter)or cool (summer). Themoreenergy thebeesuseup, thelesshoneyisavailableforthemandyou.Petersuggestedthatduringwinterandearlyspringmosthivesneedsomesupplementaryfeeding with sugar water. Even though sugar is not a good food for the bees (PetercomparedsugartoFastFood),it'sbetterthannothingwhennectarsupplyislow.Hetoldusthatbeesareattractedtowhite,yellowandbluehuedflowerssuchas:cosmos,digitalis,hellebores,sedumandthrift/seapink.Healsosaidthatpollenmakesbeesthirsty,soitisessentialtogivethemwater.Youshouldsoakthesand,rocksorpebblesatthebaseoftheplantstoprovidethemwithwaterandaperchwhiletheydrink.Peteralsoofferedparticipantstheopportunityto"kitup"andtendtheBurnleyhiveswithhim,atamutuallyconvenientlaterdate.Everyonewasenthusedandwentawaywithalotofknowledge.

CHRISTMAS GREETINGS

I WOULD LIKE TO TAKE THE OPPORTUNITY TOWISHEVERYONEAVERYHAPPYCHRISTMASANDALLTHEBESTFOR2017.THANKSESPECIALLYTOALLCONTRIBUTORSFORTHEIR ASSISTANCE. YOU HAVE BEEN VERYHELPFUL AND COURTEOUS IN ANSWERING MYQUESTIONS, SOMETIMES DAFT, AND INPROVIDING ME WITH EXCELLENT COPY ANDPHOTOGRAPHS.I COULD NOT HAVE DONE THISWITHOUT YOU.ChrisHarrison