page 132 – chapter 3 realidades 3 up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood,...

Page 132 – Chapter 3Realidades 3

Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events.

Aprendo francés para mi viaje.

Spanish has another way of using verbs called the subjunctive mood.

We use it to say what one person does or doesn’t want, tell, suggest, or recommend that someone else do.

A sentence that includes the subjunctive form must have two parts (or clauses) connected by the word que.

Each part of the sentence must also have a different subject.

El entrenador exige que los atletas estiren los músculos.

The first subject uses the present indicative verb (recommendation, suggestion, prohibition, and so on)

+ que the second subject uses the

present subjunctive verb (what should happen).

Ella sugiere que yo aprenda francés

Independent clause(stands on its own)Subject > Verb

Separated by the word “que”

Dependent clause (can’t stand on its own)Begins with the word “que.”

Indicative Verb

Subjunctive Verb

Quiero que tú estudies mucho.

I want you to study a lot.

Sugiero que bebas agua antes de correr.

I suggest that you drink water before running.

El entrenador exige que los atletas estiren los músculos.

The trainer demands that the athletes stretch their muscles.

Want Suggest Advise Recommend Demand Tell Insist in Need Permit prefer

Querer Sugerir Aconsejar recomendar Exigir Decir Insistir en Necesitar Permitir Preferir

Common words found in the first part of the sentence that trigger the use of the subjunctive in the second part of the sentence

You can also suggest more general or impersonal ideas using expressions such as:

es necesario que…es bueno que…es importante que…,

followed by a form of the present subjunctive.

Es necesario que hagas ejercicio.It’s necessary that you do

exercise.Es importante que los jóvenes

coman bien.It’s important that the young

people eat well.

We form the present subjunctive of most verbs the same way we form Ud. commands.

1. Go to the yo form of the verb in the present indicative

2. Drop the –o3. Add opposite endings

For -ar verbs:e, es, e, emos, éis, en--------------------------------------For -er/-ir verbs:a, as, a, amos, áis, an

salte

saltes

salte

saltemos

saltéis

salten

conozca

conozcas

conozca

conozcamos

conozcáis

conozcan

diga

digas

diga

digamos

digáis

digan

The present subjunctive has the same spelling changes and irregular yo form changes used with the negative tú commands and Ud./Uds. commands.

As in negative commands, irregular verbs that add a “g” to the stem in the present-tense yo form also have a “g” in the present subjunctive.

caersedecirhacerponersalir

tenertraer

hacer hag-o haga

tener teng-o tenga

Also verbs ending in –car, -gar, and –zar have a spell change in order to maintain the original sound.

buscar busco busque

pagar pago pague

cruzar cruzo cruce