overview of multimedia elements
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OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Media Elements:
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•Text
•Line graphics-still
•Graphics – animation
•Images/Photographs
•Sound
•Full motion video
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Most common form of media element
Most suited when you have to provide a lot of information, to define a term, to explain a fact etc.
Line diagrams, charts, tables are all static graphics
Many words can be replaced by graphics which make it easier to describe a concept, idea or situation.
Visual presentation of any idea or concept helps learner to understand better and retain for longer duration .
Common Text Formats
Text :
Graphics(Diagram) :
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
They require caption/headings title to assist readers in understanding the ideas they are meant to convey.
images are real reproductions of real objects.
The images are instantly recognizable and easily remembered
Graphics are static and they do not offer any clues or hints about relationship of their constituent parts and component with time.
Graphics(Images):
Common Graphics(diagram) Formats
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Images spark our imagination and stimulate the mind .
Image is reproduced in a static medium at a particular moment of time.Images do not convey any thing about what preceded at that moment and what followed it.
Common Graphics(Image) Formats
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
animations are simple sequence of pictures in different changing position drawn on a paper, flipped through them to create an animation effect
Animation provides the relationship of constituent parts and components or object with time temporal positions.
Through animation message is conveyed by the scene and motion . A sense of relative timing, position, direction and speed of action is provided by animation.
Animation is best suited to explain abstract concepts and ideas.
Animation:
Common Animation Formats
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Spoken words have great power to convey meaning they can add emotional effects by changing tone.
Sound can be in the form of spoken word, music, special effect like sound of moving machine etc.
Audio is helpful to give directives, explain phenomena in conjunction with animation and video, to create feelings like danger, shock, happiness etc.
Common Audio Formats
Audio:
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Dimension of time along with images give scope to add more information through video.
Video is a best suited media to present the phenomena or process as it happens in reality.
Video has tremendous potential to give information on ‘What’, ‘How’, ‘ When’, ‘Where’, and ‘Why’ of concepts, principle and process etc.
Video is images in motion. Video has high speed information transfer potential and can be used with computer.
Common video Formats
Video:
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Common Text Formats and software
FORMATS SOFTWARE
TXT simple Text editors
HTML simple Text editors
PDF adobe acrobat
DOC Ms- Word
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Common Graphics(diagram) Formats
FORMATS SOFTWARE
CDR Corel draw
DRW Micrographic draw
DXF Auto cad
WPG Word perfect
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
FORMATS SOFTWARE
BMP Paint shop pro,Photoshop
GIF Paint shop pro,Photoshop
TIF Paint shop pro,Photoshop
JPG Paint shop pro,Photoshop
Common Graphics(images) Formats
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
File Formats for storing vector images:
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Company Vector File
Ext. used
Software
PackageCorel DRAW .CDR Paint brush
Micrografx Draw .DRW -
Autodesk .DXF AutoCAD
Ventura .GEM Publisher
Lotus .PIC Freelance Graph.
Microsoft .WMF -
Hewlett-Packard .HGL -
WordPerfect .WPG WordPerfect
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Scheme of representing Colors using group of Bits :[1/5]
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Image
Data
Types
Per pixel no.
of bits for
color
Description
Black
And
White
1 Two Color images-black & White0 stands for black & 1 for whiteThese are created using scanner or a point program
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Scheme of representing Colors using group of Bits :[2/5]
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Image
Data
Types
Per pixel no.
of bits for
color
Description
Gray
Scale
8 256 shades of gray are used to represent image Images are created using scanner, or a point or an image software that can support gray scale
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Scheme of representing Colors using group of Bits :[3/5]
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Image
Data
Types
Per pixel no.
of bits for
color
Description
Indexed
16 color
4 An index into the color table is used to pick up a color for a pixelA color table is used to hold 16 colors out of 16.7 million colorsEach bit of color attribute group of bits corresponds to colors in the color table
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Scheme of representing Colors using group of Bits :[4/5]
6
Image
Data
Types
Per pixel no.
of bits for
color
Description
Indexed
256 color
8 8 bits per pixel are used to represent color and each bit corresponds to colors contained in the color table
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Scheme of representing Colors using group of Bits:[5/5]
6
Image
Data
Types
Per pixel no.
of bits for
color
Description
RGB
True
Color
24 RGB stands for red, green and blue color components of colored pixel. Each component is represented by an 8-bit, 24-bit color representation can address 16.7 million colors and is called true color data type.
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Some popular Graphics File Types:[1/6]
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File
Format
Description
BMP BMP or Bitmap files are supported in windows environmentIt stores compressed as well as raw data, especially in DIB(device independent bitmap) and RAW fromats respectivelyOriginal BMPs were device dependentThe DIB fromat also supports color palettes, and is device independentTrue color or 24 bit images can be stored using BMP files format.
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Some popular Graphics File Types:[2/6]
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File
Format
Description
PCX Developed by Zsoft for its PaintBrush s/wIt supports true color or 24 bit imagesIt is popular for DOS, Windows and UNIX EnvironmentsPCX supports image compression and is a hardware dependent format
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Some popular Graphics File Types:[3/6]
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File
Format
Description
PIC PIC or Pictor DC paint is device dependent as it supports CGA, EGA and VGA graphics adaptersIt works both in DOS and Windows EnvironmentsPIC format can create and display true color images
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Some popular Graphics File Types:[4/6]
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File
Format
Description
TIF Tagged Image File format or TIF supports uncompressed RGB color imagesIt works in DOS and Windows , UNIX and ‘System’ EnvironmentsTIF can be used to store compressed images which may be compressed using different compression methods
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Some popular Graphics File Types:[5/6]
6
File
Format
Description
GIF Graphics Interchange Format or GIF can be used for transfer and storage of imagesIt works with different Environments such as DOS and Windows , UNIX GIF is popular for image sharing and remote transfer and , therefore, in internet applications it is widely usedIt supports color and gray scale images of up to 256 shadesIt can store multiple bitmap images in a single file
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Some popular Graphics File Types:[6/6]
6
File
Format
Description
JPG The joint Photographic Experts Group format or JPEG is used for image file compressionIt is cross-platform compatible I.e it supports different platforms of computing e.g. PC and MACJPG is able to provide file compression of the order of 5:1 to 15:1JPG is widely used in Internet based applications
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Graphics File Formats and Standards:[1/2]
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File
Format
Source/
Standard
Type
CDR CorelDraw Vector
CMX Corel Clipart Vector
DRW Micrografx Draw Vector
DXF Autodesk Vector
GEM Ventura/GEM Vector
HGL Hewlett-Packard Graphics La Vector
PIC Lotus Development Corp. Vector
CGM Computer Graphics Meta File Vector/Raster
EMF Windows Enhanced Meta File Vector/Raster
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Graphics File Formats and Standards:[2/2]
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File
Format
Source/
Standard
Type
PCT Apple Vector/Raster
WMF Microsoft Windows Meta File Vector/Raster
WPG Word Perfect Vector/Raster
TIFF Aldus Corporation Raster
RAS Sun Microsystems Raster
RAW - Un-encoded Pixel
RLE Compu Serve Raster
SCT SciTex Raster
TGA Truevision Raster
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
FORMATS SOFTWARE
FLI 3d studio, Animator pro
FLC 3d studio, Animator pro
Gif Animation shop,giffy
AVI 3d studio, 3d studio max
Common Animation Formats
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Two Dimentional(2-D) Animation Techniques:
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•Tweeting or morphing
•Warp
•Walk cycle
•Rotation
•Color cycling
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Three Dimentional(3-D) Animation Techniques:
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•Key framing
•Inverse kinematics
•Lofting
•Lighting
•Revolving
•Skin or unskin
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Process of 3-D object creation involves:
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•Model the image
•Transfer it into world co ordinates
•Prepare wire frame model
•Define surface texture
•Define light sources and camera views
•Specify path for movement of the image
•Render the graphics
•Create animation special effects
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Common video Formats
FORMATS SOFTWARE
AVI Adobe premiere,3d studio
MPG Animator pro
MOV Quick time video
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Always save the file in appropriate file format which is supported by Authoring tool
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Compressed video data is stored in Files formats as under:
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•Video for window by Microsoft
•Quick time for windows bt Apple
•Intel Indio Video
•Cinepak Codec
•Motion JPEG
•MPEG
•Digital Video interactive
•Fractals
•HARC-C
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Compression formats for digital video:[1/4]
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Compression
Format
Compression Ratio & supported file formats
Compression &
Tech. Supported .
Video for Windows by Microsoft Corporation
10:1
.AVI
Microsoft Video 1
Compressor, Lossy
Quick time for Windows by Apple Corp.
.MOV, .MPG, .BIN,.SIT,
.SEAMPEG, INDEO, Quick Time
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Compression formats for digital video:[2/4]
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Compression
Format
Compression Ratio & supported file formats
Compression &
Tech. Supported .
Indeo VideoVideo RawVideo R3.2Intel YVU9C
.AVI
No compression
Compressed
Compressed
-
Lossy
Vector
Quantization, Lossess
Cinepak .AVI Vector
Quantization, Lossess
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Compression formats for digital video:[3/4]
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Compression
Format
Compression Ratio & supported file formats
Compression &
Tech. Supported .
Motion JPEG or MJPEG(Motion Joint Photographic Experts Group)
10:1 to 100:1
.JPG
Discrete-Cosine
Transportation
Method, Lossy
MPEG(Motion Picture Experts Group)MPEG 1MPEG 2
-
.SIF
Discrete-Cosine
Transportation
Lossy
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Compression formats for digital video:[4/4]
6
Compression
Format
Compression Ratio & supported file formats
Compression &
Tech. Supported .
DVI(Digital Video Interactive)
.PLV Presentation Level Video(PLV) and Real Time Video(RTV)
Fractal Compression
- Fractal
HARC-C: (Houston Advanced Research Centre) C1 to C3
C1- 10:1
C2-160:1
C3-480:1
C1-Interframe
C2- Interframe
C3-Interframe with vector quantization
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
FORMATS SOFTWARE
WAV Wave for windows,wave studio
MIDI(Musical
Instrument Digital Interface)
Anvil Studio,Ditty,FL-Studio,Direct Music producer
MP3
(MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3)
Winamp.exe and many other audio specific format sotware
Common audio Formats
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Basics attributes of sound:
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•Recording mode/channel option: mono, stereo
•Sound resolution : 8 bit, 16 bit, 32 bit
•Recording quality :11 kHz, 22kHz or 44 kHz
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