out of season strawberry production research michael newell maryland agricultural experiment station...
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Out of SeasonStrawberry Production Research
Michael NewellMaryland Agricultural Experiment Station
Wye Research and Education Center
Limitations
Strawberries are a cool-season plant !
Temperatures and light levels in the Winter may be to low to make production economically viable
Availability of plant material All varieties do not respond the
same
Strawberry Types
Categorized by type of floral induction induced by day-length, (temperature influenced)
-Short-day, June bearers-Everything else
everbearers, repeat bearersday-neutral
Planting Stock Type
Dormant bare-rooted Fresh dug bare-rooted, green top
or cutoffs Runner tips Plug plants, tray plants Waiting plants (dormant multi-
crown)
Research at WYE
* Early Spring production Prior to outdoor field production
* Fall production Thanksgiving and Christmas market
Early SpringProgrammed System
Programmed harvest using multi-crowned (waiting plants) bare-rooted dormant plants
- 60 days from planting to harvest- variety specific temperatures
(day/night)- artificial light to increase day-length- plant material is expensive
(~0.30/plant)-extend season with successive
plantings
Early Spring Programmed System
Multi-crowned dormant plants Eros, Jewel, Cavendish Gutters 8” x 4” x 8’ = 5.3 sqft Metro mix 560, queen-gel drip tape Plant 2/23 Harvest 4/21-5/14 Spacing in gutter = 6” x 6” = 32
plants/gut Bumble bee pollination
Greenhouse Yields / sqft/gutter(6 plants)
Variety Crown # Grams Fruit # Berry size
Eros 2 363.2 28.3 12.8 Eros 3 404.1 29.7 13.6Cavendish 2 86.1 8.3 10.3Jewel 2 268.0 23.0 11.6Jewel 1 179.0 16.6 10.7
Early Spring Production with Plugs
August 1 tip-plugging date Camarosa, Chandler, Sweet Charlie Plant in gutter September 18 in
Greenhouse, 32 plants/gutter = 5.3 sqft
Moved outdoor on December 21 Covered with FRC Moved into greenhouse February 15 Keep night time temps > 32f
Greenhouse Plug Yields 2005
Variety Yield /sqft grams
Yield/plantgrams
First harvest
Camarosa 809 132 April 22
Chandler 844 140 April 22
Sw. Charlie
378 62 April 12
Strawberry Production in TunnelsObjectives
To produce strawberries in November and December
Followed by early Spring production
Use the annual production system Use short-day varieties
Fall Production With the Annual System -Important Points
Use early-flowering short-day varieties Use 60 day-old, runner-tip propagated plugs
(#50) Plant September 1st in high tunnel Heat and cold tunnel management Pest management Pre-plant and drip fertilization
Early-flowering Short-day Varieties
Sweet Charlie Carmine Ventana Florida Festival Earlibrite Chandler Camarosa
Fall Production With the Annual System -Important Points
Use early-flowering short-day varieties Use 60 day-old, runner-tip propagated plugs
(#50) Plant September 1st in high tunnel Heat and cold tunnel management Pest management Pre-plant and drip fertilization
Fall Production With the Annual System -Important Points
Use early-flowering short-day varieties Use 60 day-old, runner-tip propagated plugs
(#50) Plant September 1st in high tunnel Heat and cold tunnel management Pest management Pre-plant and drip fertilization
Fall Production Important Points
Use early-flowering short-day varieties Use 60 day-old, runner-tip propagated plugs
(#50) Plant September 1st in high tunnel Heat and cold tunnel management Pest management Pre-plant and drip fertilization
Fall Production in High Tunnel
Sweet Charlie, short-day, early flowering Early tip-plugged (ET), July 1, 50 cell tray Pre-plant fertility same as outdoor culture Raised beds, black plastic, drip irrigation Plant in HT September 1 Manage HT heat/cold Harvest early November Harvest in Spring
High Tunnel ResultsSweet Charlie (ET)
2004/Fall Yield (ET) 2005/Spring yield81.7 gr/plant 526.6 gr/plant1st pick 11/12/04 1st pick 3/28/05
2005/Fall yield (ET) 2006/Spring yield40.8 gr/plant 445 gr/plant1st pick 11/7/05 1st pick 3/31/06
Fall 2006 Yield
Cultivar Yield/plant (lbs)
First Pick
Ventana 0.24 November 15
Chandler 0.5 December 1
Sweet Charlie
0.5 November 1
Camarosa
0.52 November 1
Carmine 0.72 November 1
Spring 2007 Yield and Total Yield
Cultivar Spring Yield/plant
(lbs)
Total YieldFall+Spring
(lbs)
Ventana 1.281.28 1.52
Chandler 1.141.14 1.90
Sweet Charlie
0.780.78 1.28
Camarosa
0.860.86 1.38
Carmine 0.900.90 1.62
2009/2010 Strawberry Festival
Tip-plugged 7/1/2009
Total Grams/plant
Fruit Size (gr)
Harvest Date
Fall Harvest 52 17.3 10/21-1/8
Spring Harvest 546 11.0 4/9-6/11
2010/2011Strawberry Festival
Planted in July 2010 as a dormant bare-rooted plant in 32 cell trays
Planted in tunnel 9/22/2010 First flowers on 11/18/2010 No Fall harvest Spring harvest 3/7- 5/10/2011 1.13 lb/plant, 12.0 gr berry size
Summary
*Be realistic for a target harvest season*All varieties do not perform the same
under similar conditions*Choose varieties/plant stock for desired
harvest season*If working in an unconditioned structure,
seasonal weather may influence outcome *Work with nurseries for needed material
Wye Research Center Spring Strawberry Twilight Meeting
Questions
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