orientalism
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Orientalism
Emie C. Baylon, MAFaculty (for teaching demonstration purposes)
Thinking it over…. Give an example
of an “ill – thinking or bias” that Westerners or even us, Asians say about the following:
Chinese
Muslims
Examples Indian
5 – 6 They stink
Filipinos From the “land of
the maids” Too backward Always late
Indians
Filipinos
If you were one of these groups, what reactions will you have? Where could these biases have originated?
Western Biases may have originated from the absence of information about the Easterners. Also, the various Western perceptions and experiences influenced other Western nations’ thinking of the Easterners.
Objectives Discuss the concept of Orientalism
and its common themes Identify the scholars that aided in the
building of Oriental thought Compare and contrast emic and etic
perspectives in cultural studies Relate the Oriental thought to
historical and culture studies
Let’s TALK about it…
Was there knowledge of the “East” prior to the coming and colonization of different Asian territories? How do Westerners refer to the “East”? Near East, Middle East, Far East
or the Orient
Introduction to Oriental Thought
ORIENTALISM Dr. Edward Said
Orientalism and Culture Studies Professor (Columbia University)
Palestinian advocate
Ziauddin Sardar, a Persian scholar so as young students can easily understand the meat of the concept. Islamic studies
Present ARGUMENT It the study of Near, Middle and Far
Eastern societies and cultures, languages, and peoples by Western scholars.
It can also refer to the imitation or depiction of aspects of Eastern cultures in the West by writers, designers and artists.
BEFORE… (18th – 19th Century)
"Le Bain turc," (Turkish Bath)by J.A.D. Ingres, 1862
oriental women are “exotic, submissive and unsophisticated”
Cover of the French magazine le Japon artistique (May 1888) showing one of Hokusai's views on Mount Fuji. (Horace Vernet)
Emphasis on the “otherness“ of the Orientals (they will never be Westernized)
A View in Cairo, 1840. Oil on canvas, by David Roberts.
Orientals are people “stuck in Time”
Le Massacre de Scio (The Massacre at Chios) by Eugène Delacroix
orientals are perceived as “uncivilized people”
Arabs, 1871 (Eugene Fromentin)
orientals have a “monolithic culture”
Why is the knowledge of Oriental thought (Orientalism) important according to Said or Zardar?
Defining cultural systems: Emic perspective focuses on the
intrinsic cultural distinctions that are meaningful to the members of a given society
Putting it to our reality
Defining cultural systems: Etic perspective, relies upon the
extrinsic concepts and categories that have meaning for scientific observers (Pike, 1967)
As Asians, are we also victims of these misconceptions? In what manner?
Putting it to our reality
Putting it to our reality
What could be the relationship of this to issues like: Christian – Muslim War Stigma of the Chinese or Filipinos all over the
world Discrimination of the Arabs and other Asians all
over the world How can the knowledge of Orientalism
help us in understanding Asian History, cultures and civilizations?
Putting it to our reality
As Asians, how will the knowledge of Oriental thought improve our relationships with our Asian neighbors?
References:
Pike, Kenneth Lee (ed.) (1967), Language in Relation to a Unified Theory of Structure of Human Behavior (2nd ed.), The Hague, Netherlands: Mouton.
Said, Edward. Orientalism (1978) Pantheon Books Zardar, Ziauddin. Orientalism: Concepts in the Social
Sciences Series (1999) , Open University Press,
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