organic chemistry functional groups

Organic Chemistry Functional Groups

This slide show will cycle on its own through all of the ochemlab functional groups and the ochem substituents. It will show a structural diagram and give you 4 seconds to think of the name. Then, it will show you the name for 4 seconds. Hopefully, it will help with

memorization. It will continually repeat until you press escape.

RC-CR

alkane

RC=CR

alkene

RC=CR

alkyne

R-OH

alcohol

R-XX is a halogen.

Alkyl halide

R-NH2

amine

R-O-R

ether

R-C=N

nitrile

R-SH

thiol

R-NO2

nitroalkane

R-C-H

O

aldehyde

R-C-R

O

ketone

R-C-OH

O

Carboxylic acid

R-C-X

O

X is a halogen.

Acyl halide

R-C-O-C-O-R

O O

Acid anhydride

R-C-O-R

O

esterAn ether and a ketone… whoa!

R-C-NH2

O

amideA ketone and an amine… whoa!

C=CC C

C-C

aromatic

Alkanes• CH4?• C2H6?• C3H8?• C4H10?• C5H12?• C6H14?• C7H16?• C8H18?• C9H20?• C10H22?• C11H24?• C12H26?

• Methane• Ethane• Propane• Butane• Pentane• Hexane• Heptane• Octane• Nonane• Decane• Undecane• Dodecane

What kind of a series has members that differ from each

other by a methyl group?

A homologous series!

Rules of IUPAC

• ID longest chain of C atoms

• # based on end which has closer substituent; rule of first point of difference

• Name the substituents!

CH3

methyl

CH2 CH3

ethyl

CH2CH2CH3

propyl

CH3CHCH3

isopropyl

CH2CH2CH2CH3

butyl

CH3CHCH2CH3

Secondary butyl

CH2CHCH3

CH3

isobutyl

CH3CCH3

CH3

Tertiary butylor

t-butyl

CH3CCH3

CH3

CH2

neopentyl