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Global Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics.
ISSN 0973-1768 Volume 13, Number 9 (2017), pp. 5129-5142
ยฉ Research India Publications
http://www.ripublication.com
On ๐ฎ โBanach Bessel Sequences in Banach Spaces
Ghanshyam Singh Rathore1 and Tripti Mittal2
1Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University College of Science,
M.L.S. University, Udaipur, INDIA.
2Department of Mathematics, Northern India Engineering College,
G.G.S. Inderprastha University, Delhi, INDIA.
Abstract
Abdollahpour et.al [1] generalized the concepts of frames for Banach Spaces
and defined ๐ โBanach frames in Banach spaces. In the present paper, we
define ๐ โ Banach Bessel sequences in Banach spaces and study their
relationship with ๐ โBanach frames. A sufficient condition for a sequence of
bounded operators to be a ๐ โBanach frame, in terms of ๐ โBanach Bessel
sequence has been given. Further, we study bounded linear operators on an
associated Banach space ๐๐. Also, a necessary and sufficient condition for a
kind of ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence to be a ๐ โBanach frame has been given.
Furthermore, we give stability condition for the stability of ๐ โBanach Bessel
sequences.
1. INTRODUCTION
Frames are main tools for use in signal processing, image processing, data compression
and sampling theory etc. Today even more uses are being found for the theory such as
optics, filter banks, signal detection as well as study of Besov spaces, Banach space
theory etc. Frames for Hilbert spaces were introduced by Duffin and Schaeffer [12].
Later, in 1986, Daubechies, Grossmann and Meyer [11] reintroduced frames and found
a new application to wavelet and Gabor transforms. For a nice introduction to frames,
one may refer [4].
5130 Ghanshyam Singh Rathore and Tripti Mittal
Coifman and Weiss [10] introduced the notion of atomic decomposition for function
spaces. Feichtinger and Grรถchening [14] extended the notion of atomic decomposition
to Banach spaces. Grรถchening [16] introduced a more general concept for Banach
spaces called Banach frame. He gave the following definition of a Banach frame:
Definition 1.1. ([16]) Let ๐ be a Banach space and ๐๐1 an associated Banach space
of scalar-valued sequences indexed by โ. Let {๐๐} โ ๐โ and ๐: ๐๐1โ ๐ be given.
Then the pair ({๐๐}, ๐) is called a Banach frame for ๐ with respect to ๐๐1, if
1. {๐๐(๐ฅ)} โ ๐๐1, for each ๐ฅ โ ๐.
2. there exist positive constants ๐ด and ๐ต with 0 < ๐ด โค ๐ต < โ such that
๐ดโ๐ฅโ๐ โค โ{๐๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐1โค ๐ตโ๐ฅโ๐, ๐ฅ โ ๐. (1.1)
3. ๐ is a bounded linear operator such that ๐({๐๐(๐ฅ)}) = ๐ฅ, ๐ฅ โ ๐.
The positive constants ๐ด and ๐ต , respectively, are called lower and upper frame
bounds of the Banach frame ({๐๐}, ๐) . The operator ๐: ๐๐1โ ๐ is called the
reconstruction operator ( or the pre-frame operator ). The inequality (1.1) is called the
frame inequalty.
Banach frames and Banach Bessel sequence in Banach spaces were further studied in
[3, 17, 18, 19, 20].
Over the last decade, various other generalizations of frames for Hilbert spaces have
been introduced and studied. Some of them are bounded quasi-projectors by Fornasier
[15]; Pseudo frames by Li and Ogawa [21]; Oblique frames by Eldar [13]; Christensen
and Eldar [5]; (,;Y )-Operators frames by Cao et.al [2]. W. Sun [24] introduced and
defined ๐ โframes in Hilbert spaces and observed that bounded quasi-projectors,
frames of subspaces, Pseudo frames and Oblique frames are particular cases of
๐ โframes in Hilbert spaces. ๐บ โframes are further studied in [6, 7, 8, 9, 22, 25].
Abdollahpour et.al [1] generalized the concepts of frames for Banach Spaces and
defined ๐ โ Banach frames in Banach spaces. In the present paper, we define
๐ โBanach Bessel sequences in Banach spaces and study their relationship with
๐ โBanach frames. A sufficient condition for a sequence of bounded operators to be
a ๐ โBanach frame, in terms of ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence has been given. Further,
we study bounded linear operators on an associated Banach space ๐๐ . Also, a
necessary and sufficient condition for a kind of ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence to be a
๐ โBanach frame has been given. Furthermore, we give stability condition for the
stability of ๐ โBanach Bessel sequences.
On G-Banach Bessel Sequences in Banach Spaces 5131
2. PRELIMINARIES
Throughout this paper, ๐ will denote a Banach space over the scalar field ๐ (โ or
โ), ๐๐ is an associated Banach space of vector valued sequences indexed by โ. ๐ป is
a separable Hilbert space and ๐ (๐, ๐ป) is the collection of all bounded linear operators
from ๐ into ๐ป.
A Banach space of vector valued sequences (or BV-space) is a linear space of
sequences with a norm which makes it a Banach space. Let ๐ be a Banach space and
1 < ๐ < โ, then
๐ = {{๐ฅ๐}: ๐ฅ๐ โ ๐; (โ โ๐ฅ๐โ๐๐โโ )
1
๐ < โ}
and
โโ = {{๐ฅ๐}: ๐ฅ๐ โ ๐; sup๐โโ
โ๐ฅ๐โ < โ}
are BV space of ๐.
Definition 2.1. ([1]) Let ๐ be a Banach space and ๐ป be a separable Hilbert space.
Let ๐๐ be an associated Banach space of vector-valued sequences indexed by โ. Let
{ฮ๐}๐โโ โ ๐ (๐, ๐ป) and ๐: ๐๐ โ ๐ be given. Then the pair ({ฮ๐}, ๐) is called a
๐ โBanach frame for ๐ with respect to ๐ป and ๐๐, if
1. {ฮ๐(๐ฅ)} โ ๐๐, for each ๐ฅ โ ๐.
2. there exist positive constants ๐ด and ๐ต with 0 < ๐ด โค ๐ต < โ such that
๐ดโ๐ฅโ๐ โค โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐โค ๐ตโ๐ฅโ๐, ๐ฅ โ ๐. (2.1)
3. ๐ is a bounded linear operator such that ๐({ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}) = ๐ฅ, ๐ฅ โ ๐.
The positive constants ๐ด and ๐ต, respectively, are called the lower and upper frame
bounds of the ๐ โBanach frame ({ฮ๐}, ๐). The operator ๐ โถ ๐๐ โ ๐ is called the
reconstruction operator and the inequality (2.1) is called the frame inequality for
๐ โBanach frame ({ฮn}, ๐).
The following lemma, proved in [23], is used in the sequel:
Lemma 2.2. Let ๐ be a Banach space and ๐ป be a separable Hilbert space. Let
{ฮ๐} โ ๐ (๐, ๐ป) be a sequence of non-zero operators. If {ฮ๐} is total over ๐, i.e.,
5132 Ghanshyam Singh Rathore and Tripti Mittal
{๐ฅ โ ๐: ๐ฌ๐(๐ฅ) = 0, ๐ โ โ} = {0}, then ๐ = {{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}: ๐ฅ โ ๐} is a Banach space
with the norm given by โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐ = โ๐ฅโ๐ , ๐ฅ โ ๐.
3. ๐ฎ โBANACH BESSEL SEQUENCES
We begin this section with the following definition of ๐ โBanach Bessel Sequences
in Banach spaces.
Definition 3.1. Let ๐ be a Banach space and ๐ป be a separable Hilbert space. Let ๐๐
be an associated Banach space of vector-valued sequences indexed by โ. A sequence
of operators {ฮ๐} โ ๐ (๐, ๐ป) is said to be a ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence for ๐ with
respect to ๐๐, if
1. {ฮ๐(๐ฅ)} โ ๐๐, for each ๐ฅ โ ๐.
2. there exist a positive constant ๐ such that
โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐โค ๐โ๐ฅโ๐ , ๐ฅ โ ๐. (3.1)
The positive constant ๐ is called a ๐ โBanach Besssel bound (or simply, a bound)
for the ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence {ฮ๐}.
In the view of Definition 3.1, the following observations arise naturally:
(I). If ({ฮ๐}, ๐) ({ฮ๐} โ ๐ (๐, ๐ป), ๐ โถ ๐๐ โ ๐) is a ๐ โ Banach frame for ๐
with respect to ๐๐ and with bounds ๐ด, ๐ต, then {ฮ๐} is a ๐ โBanach Bessel
sequence for ๐ with respect to ๐๐ and with bound ๐ต.
(II). A sequence {ฮ๐} โ ๐ (๐, ๐ป) is a ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence for ๐ with
respect ๐๐ if and only if the coefficient mapping ๐ โถ ๐ โ ๐๐ given by
๐(๐ฅ) = {ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}, ๐ฅ โ ๐ is bounded.
(III). For each ๐ โ {1,2, โฆ . , ๐} , if {ฮ๐,๐} โ ๐ (๐, ๐ป) is a ๐ โ Banach Bessel
sequence for ๐ with respect to ๐๐ and with bound ๐๐, then {โ ๐ผ๐ฮ๐,๐๐๐=1 } is
also a ๐ โ Banach Bessel sequence for ๐ with respect to ๐๐ with
bound โ |๐ผ๐|๐๐๐๐=1 , where ๐ผ๐ โ โ, ๐ = 1,2, โฆ , ๐.
(IV). Let ({ฮ๐}, ๐) ({ฮ๐} โ ๐ (๐, ๐ป), ๐ โถ ๐๐ โ ๐) be a ๐ โBanach frame for ๐
with respect to ๐๐ and with bounds ๐ด , ๐ต . Let {ฮ๐} โ ๐ (๐, ๐ป) be a
sequence of operators such that {ฮ๐ + ฮ๐} is a ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence
for ๐ with respect to ๐๐ and with bound ๐พ. Then {ฮ๐} is also a ๐ โBanach
Bessel sequence for ๐ with respect to ๐๐ with bound ๐พ + ๐ต.
On G-Banach Bessel Sequences in Banach Spaces 5133
Remark 3.2. The converse of the observation (I) need not be true. In this regard, we
give the following example:
Example 3.3. Let ๐ป be a separable Hilbert space and let ๐ธ = ๐โ(๐ป) = {{๐ฅ๐} โถ ๐ฅ๐ โ
๐ป; sup1โค๐<โโ๐ฅ๐โ๐ป < โ} be a Banach space with the norm given by
โ{๐ฅ๐}โ๐ธ = sup1โค๐<โ
โ๐ฅ๐โ๐ป , {๐ฅ๐} โ ๐ธ
and ๐ธ๐ โ ๐โ(๐ป).
Now, for each ๐ โ โ, define ฮ๐: ๐ธ โ ๐ป by
ฮ1(๐ฅ) = ๐ฟ2
๐ฅ2
ฮ๐(๐ฅ) = ๐ฟ๐+1๐ฅ๐+1 , ๐ > 1
} , ๐ฅ = {๐ฅ๐} โ ๐ธ,
where, ๐ฟ๐๐ฅ = (0,0, โฆ , ๐ฅโ
โ๐๐กโ๐๐๐๐๐
, 0,0, โฆ ), for all ๐ โ โ and ๐ฅ โ ๐ป.
Then {ฮ๐(๐ฅ)} โ ๐ธ๐ , for all ๐ฅ โ ๐ธ and โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐ธ๐โค โ๐ฅโ๐ธ , ๐ฅ โ ๐ธ . Therefore,
{ฮ๐} is a ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence for ๐ธ with respect to ๐ธ๐ and with bound 1.
But, there exists no reconstruction operator ๐ โถ ๐ธ๐ โ ๐ธ such that ({ฮ๐}, ๐) is a
๐ โBanach frame for ๐ธ with respect to ๐ธ๐.
Indeed, if possible, let ({ฮ๐}, ๐) be a ๐ โBanach frame for ๐ธ with respect to ๐ธ๐. Let
๐ด and ๐ต be choice of bounds for ({ฮ๐}, ๐). Then
๐ดโ๐ฅโ๐ธ โค โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐ธ๐โค ๐ตโ๐ฅโ๐ธ , ๐ฅ โ ๐ธ. (3.2)
Let ๐ฅ = (1,0,0, . . ,0, . . ) be a non-zero element in ๐ธ such that ฮ๐(๐ฅ) = 0, for all ๐ โ
โ. Then, by frame inequality (3.2), we get ๐ฅ = 0. Which is a contradiction.
Remark 3.4. In view of observation (IV), there exists, in general, no reconstruction
operator ๐0 โถ ๐๐0โ ๐ such that ({ฮ๐}, ๐0) is a ๐ โ Banach frame for ๐ with
respect to ๐๐0, where ๐๐0
is some associated Banach space of vector-valued sequences
indexed by โ. Regarding this, we give the following example:
Example 3.5. Let ๐ป be a separable Hilbert space and let ๐ธ = ๐โ(๐ป) = {{๐ฅ๐} โถ ๐ฅ๐ โ
๐ป; sup1โค๐<โโ๐ฅ๐โ๐ป < โ} be a Banach space with the norm given by
โ{๐ฅ๐}โ๐ธ = sup1โค๐<โ
โ๐ฅ๐โ๐ป , {๐ฅ๐} โ ๐ธ.
5134 Ghanshyam Singh Rathore and Tripti Mittal
Now, for each ๐ โ โ, define ฮ๐: ๐ธ โ ๐ป by
ฮ๐(๐ฅ) = ๐ฟ๐๐ฅ๐ , ๐ฅ = {๐ฅ๐} โ ๐ธ,
where, ๐ฟ๐๐ฅ = (0,0, โฆ , ๐ฅโ
โ๐๐กโ๐๐๐๐๐
, 0,0, โฆ ), for all ๐ โ โ and ๐ฅ โ ๐ป.
Thus {ฮ๐} is total over ๐ธ . Therefore, by Lemma 2.2, there exists an associated
Banach space ๐ = {{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}: ๐ฅ โ ๐ธ} with the norm given by โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐ = โ๐ฅโ๐ธ ,
๐ฅ โ ๐ธ.
Define ๐ โถ ๐ โ ๐ธ by ๐({ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}) = ๐ฅ, ๐ฅ โ ๐ธ . Then ({ฮ๐}, ๐) is a ๐ โ Banach
frame for E with respect to ๐ with bounds ๐ด = ๐ต = 1.
Let {ฮ๐} โ ๐ (๐ธ, ๐ป) be a sequence of operators defined as
ฮ1(๐ฅ) = ฮ2(๐ฅ),
ฮ๐(๐ฅ) = ฮ๐(๐ฅ), ๐ โฅ 2, ๐ โ โ} , ๐ฅ โ ๐ธ.
Then, for each ๐ฅ โ ๐ธ, {ฮ๐(๐ฅ)} โ ๐ and
โ{(ฮ๐ + ฮ๐)(๐ฅ)}โ๐ โค โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐ + โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐
โค โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐ + โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐
= 2โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐
= 2โ๐ฅโ๐ธ.
Therefore, {ฮ๐ + ฮ๐} is a ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence for ๐ธ with respect ๐ and
with bound 2. Thus, by observation (IV), {ฮ๐} is a ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence for
๐ธ with respect to ๐ and with bound 3. But, there exists no reconstruction operator
๐0: ๐0 โ ๐ธ such that ({ฮ๐}, ๐0) is a ๐ โBanach frame for ๐ธ with respect to ๐0,
where ๐0 is some associated Banach space of vector-valued sequences indexed by
โ.
Note. If the Bessel bound of ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence {ฮ๐ + ฮ๐}, ๐พ < โ๐โโ1,
then there exists an associated Banach space ๐0 and a reconstruction operator
๐0: ๐0 โ ๐ such that ({ฮ๐}, ๐0) is a normalized tight ๐ โBanach frame for ๐ with
respect to ๐0.
In this regard, we give the following result:
Theorem 3.6. Let ({ฮ๐}, ๐) ({ฮ๐} โ ๐ (๐, ๐ป), ๐: ๐๐ โ ๐) be a ๐ โBanach frame
for ๐ with respect to ๐๐. Let {ฮ๐} โ ๐ (๐, ๐ป) be a sequence of operators such that
On G-Banach Bessel Sequences in Banach Spaces 5135
{ฮ๐ + ฮ๐} be a ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence for ๐ with respect to ๐๐ and with
bound ๐พ < โ๐โโ1. Then, there exists a reconstruction operator ๐0: ๐๐0โ ๐ such that
({ฮ๐}, ๐0) is a normalized tight ๐ โBanach frame for ๐ with respect to ๐๐0=
{{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}: ๐ฅ โ ๐}.
Proof: Let ({ฮ๐}, ๐) be a ๐ โBanach frame for ๐ with respect to ๐๐ and with
bounds ๐ด, ๐ต. Then
๐ดโ๐ฅโ๐ โค โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐โค ๐ตโ๐ฅโ๐ , ๐ฅ โ ๐.
Since {ฮ๐ + ฮ๐} is a ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence for ๐ with respect to ๐๐ and with
bound ๐พ, then
(โ๐โโ1 โ ๐พ)โ๐ฅโ๐ โค โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐โ โ{(ฮ๐ + ฮ๐)(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐
โค โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐, for all ๐ฅ โ ๐.
Thus {ฮ๐} is total over ๐ . Therefore, by Lemma 2.2, there exists an associated
Banach space ๐๐0= {{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}: ๐ฅ โ ๐} with the norm given by โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐0
=
โ๐ฅโ๐ , ๐ฅ โ ๐. Define ๐0: ๐๐0โ ๐ by ๐0({ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}) = ๐ฅ, ๐ฅ โ ๐ . Then ๐ is a
bounded linear operator such that ({ฮ๐}, ๐0) is a normalized tight ๐ โBanach frame
for ๐ with respect to ๐๐0.
Towards, the converse of the Theroem 3.6, we give the following result:
Theorem 3.7. Let ({ฮ๐}, ๐) and ({ฮ๐}, ๐) be two ๐ โBanach frame for ๐ with
respect to ๐๐. Let ๐ฟ โถ ๐๐ โ ๐๐ be a linear homeomorphism such that ๐ฟ({ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}) ={ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}, ๐ฅ โ ๐ . Then {ฮ๐ + ฮ๐} is a ๐ โ Banach Bessel sequence for ๐ with
respect to ๐๐ and with bound
๐พ = min{โ๐โโ๐ผ + ๐ฟโ, โ๐โโ๐ผ + ๐ฟโ1โ}
where ๐, ๐: ๐๐ โ ๐ are the coefficient mappings given by ๐(๐ฅ) = {ฮ๐(๐ฅ)} and
๐(๐ฅ) = {ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}, ๐ฅ โ ๐ and ๐ผ is an identity mapping on ๐๐.
Proof. For each ๐ฅ โ ๐, we have
โ{(ฮ๐ + ฮ๐)(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐= โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)} + {ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐
= โ๐ผ({ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}) + ๐ฟ({ฮ๐(๐ฅ)})โ๐๐
โค โ๐ผ + ๐ฟโโ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐
= โ๐ผ + ๐ฟโโ๐(๐ฅ)โ๐๐
โค (โ๐ผ + ๐ฟโโ๐โ)โ๐ฅโ๐.
5136 Ghanshyam Singh Rathore and Tripti Mittal
Therefore
โ{(ฮ๐ + ฮ๐)(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐โค (โ๐โโ๐ผ + ๐ฟโ)โ๐ฅโ๐ , ๐ฅ โ ๐. (3.3)
Similarly, we have
โ{(ฮ๐ + ฮ๐)(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐โค (โ๐โโ๐ผ + ๐ฟโ1โ)โ๐ฅโ๐ , ๐ฅ โ ๐. (3.4)
Using (3.3) and (3.4), it follows that {ฮ๐ + ฮ๐} is a ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence for
๐ with respect to ๐๐ and with bound
๐พ = min{โ๐โโ๐ผ + ๐ฟโ, โ๐โโ๐ผ + ๐ฟโ1โ}.
Remark 3.8. One may observe that, if ({ฮ๐}, ๐) and ({ฮ๐}, ๐) are two ๐ โBanach
frames for ๐ with respect to ๐๐, then {ฮ๐ + ฮ๐} is a ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence
for ๐ with respect to ๐๐ with bound โ๐โ + โ๐โ , where ๐, ๐: ๐ โ ๐๐ are the
coefficient mappings given by ๐(๐ฅ) = {ฮ๐(๐ฅ)} and ๐(๐ฅ) = {ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}, ๐ฅ โ ๐.
4. BOUNDED LINEAR OPERATORS ON ๐ฟ๐
We begin this section with following result which shows that the action of a bounded
linear operator on ๐๐ to construct a ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence, using a given
๐ โBanach Bessel sequence.
Theorem 4.1. Let {ฮ๐} โ ๐ (๐, ๐ป) be a ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence for ๐ with
respect to ๐๐ . Let {ฮ๐} โ ๐ (๐, ๐ป) be such that {ฮ๐(๐ฅ)} โ ๐๐ , ๐ฅ โ ๐ and let
๐: ๐๐ โ ๐๐ be a bounded linear operator such that ๐({ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}) = {ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}, ๐ฅ โ ๐.
Then {ฮ๐} is a ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence for ๐ with respect to ๐๐.
Proof. Let {ฮ๐} be a ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence for ๐ with Bessel bound ๐. Then,
for each ๐ฅ โ ๐, we have
โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐= โ๐({ฮ๐(๐ฅ)})โ๐๐
โค โ๐โโ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐
โค (โ๐โ๐)โ๐ฅโ๐.
Remark 4.2. In the view of Theorem 4.1, we observe that if ({ฮ๐}, ๐)
({ฮ๐} โ ๐ (๐, ๐ป), ๐: ๐๐ โ ๐) is a ๐ โBanach frame for ๐ with respect to ๐๐ and
๐: ๐๐ โ ๐๐ is a bounded linear operator such that ๐({ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}) = {ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}, ๐ฅ โ ๐.
Then, there exists, in general no reconstruction operator ๐: ๐๐ โ ๐๐ such that
({ฮ๐}, ๐) is a ๐ โBanach frame for ๐ with respect to ๐๐.
In this regarding, we give the following example:
On G-Banach Bessel Sequences in Banach Spaces 5137
Example 4.3. Let ๐ป be a separable Hilbert space and let ๐ธ = ๐โ(๐ป) = {{๐ฅ๐} โถ ๐ฅ๐ โ
๐ป; sup1โค๐<โโ๐ฅ๐โ๐ป < โ} be a Banach space with the norm given by
โ{๐ฅ๐}โ๐ธ = sup1โค๐<โ
โ๐ฅ๐โ๐ป , {๐ฅ๐} โ ๐ธ .
Now, for each ๐ โ โ, define ฮ๐: ๐ธ โ ๐ป by
ฮ๐(๐ฅ) = ๐ฟ๐๐ฅ๐ , ๐ฅ = {๐ฅ๐} โ ๐ธ,
where, ๐ฟ๐๐ฅ = (0,0, โฆ , ๐ฅโ
โ๐๐กโ๐๐๐๐๐
, 0,0, โฆ ), for all ๐ โ โ and ๐ฅ โ ๐ป.
Thus {ฮ๐} is total over ๐ธ . Therefore, by Lemma 2.2, there exists an associated
Banach space ๐ธ๐ = {{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}: ๐ฅ โ ๐ธ} with the norm given by โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐ธ๐= โ๐ฅโ๐ธ ,
๐ฅ โ ๐ธ.
Define ๐ โถ ๐ธ๐ โ ๐ธ by ๐({ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}) = ๐ฅ, ๐ฅ โ ๐ธ . Then ({ฮ๐}, ๐) is a ๐ โ Banach
frame for E with respect to ๐ธ๐ with bounds ๐ด = ๐ต = 1.
Now, define ๐: ๐ธ๐ โ ๐ธ๐ as ๐({ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}) = {ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}๐โ 1 . Then ๐ is a bounded
linear operator on ๐ธ๐ . But, there exists no reconstruction operator ๐: ๐ธ๐ โ ๐ธ such
that ({ฮ๐}๐โ 1, ๐) is a ๐ โBanach frame for ๐ธ with respect to ๐ธ๐.
Indeed, if possible, let ({ฮ๐}๐โ 1, ๐) is a ๐ โBanach frame for ๐ธ with respect to ๐ธ๐.
Let ๐ด and ๐ต be choice of bounds for ๐ โBanach frame ({ฮ๐}๐โ 1, ๐). Then
๐ดโ๐ฅโ๐ธ โค โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}๐โ 1โ๐ธ๐โค ๐ตโ๐ฅโ๐ธ , ๐ฅ โ ๐ธ. (4.1)
Let ๐ฅ = (1,0,0, โฆ ,0, โฆ ) be a non-zero element in ๐ธ such that ฮ๐(๐ฅ) = 0, ๐ >
1, ๐ โ โ. Then, by frame inequality (4.1), we get ๐ฅ = 0. Which is a contradiction.
In the view of Theorem 4.1 and Example 4.3, we give a necessary and
sufficient condition for a ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence to be a ๐ โBanach frame.
Theorem 4.4. Let ({ฮ๐}, ๐) ({ฮ๐} โ ๐ (๐, ๐ป), ๐: ๐๐ โ ๐) be a ๐ โBanach frame
for ๐ with respect to ๐๐ . Let {ฮ๐} โ ๐ (๐, ๐ป) be such that {ฮ๐(๐ฅ)} โ ๐๐ , ๐ฅ โ ๐.
Let ๐: ๐๐ โ ๐๐ be a bounded linear operator such that ๐({ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}) = {ฮ๐(๐ฅ)},
๐ฅ โ ๐. Then, there exists a reconstruction operator ๐: ๐๐ โ ๐ such that ({ฮ๐}, ๐) is
a ๐ โBanach frame for ๐ with respect to ๐๐ if and only if
โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐โฅ ๐โ๐ฟ({ฮ๐(๐ฅ)})โ๐๐
, ๐ฅ โ ๐
where, ๐is a positive constant and ๐ฟ: ๐๐ โ ๐๐ is a bounded linear operator such that
๐ฟ({ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}) = {ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}, ๐ฅ โ ๐.
5138 Ghanshyam Singh Rathore and Tripti Mittal
Proof. Let ๐ดฮ and ๐ตฮ be the frame bounds for the ๐ โBanach frame ({ฮ๐}, ๐) .
Then, for all ๐ฅ โ ๐, we have
๐๐ดฮโ๐ฅโ๐ โค ๐โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐
= ๐โ๐ฟ({ฮ๐(๐ฅ)})โ๐๐
โค โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐
= โ๐({ฮ๐(๐ฅ)})โ๐๐
โค โ๐โโ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐
โค โ๐โ๐ตฮโ๐ฅโ๐.
Therefore
(๐๐ดฮ)โ๐ฅโ๐ โค โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐โค (โ๐โ๐ตฮ)โ๐ฅโ๐, ๐ฅ โ ๐.
Put ๐ = ๐๐ฟ. Then ๐: ๐๐ โ ๐ is a bounded linear operator such that ๐({ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}) =
๐ฅ, ๐ฅ โ ๐. Hence ({ฮ๐}, ๐) is a ๐ โBanach frame for ๐ with respect to ๐๐.
Conversely, let ({ฮ๐}, ๐) is a ๐ โBanach frame for ๐ with respect to ๐๐
and with frame bounds ๐ดฮ, ๐ตฮ. Let ๐: ๐ โ ๐๐ be the coefficient mapping given by
๐(๐ฅ) = {ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}, ๐ฅ โ ๐. Then ๐ฟ = ๐๐: ๐๐ โ ๐๐ is a bounded linear operator such
that ๐ฟ({ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}) = {ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}, ๐ฅ โ ๐.
Thus, on writing ๐ = (๐ดฮ
๐ตฮ) , where ๐ตฮ is an upper bound for ๐ โBanach frame
({ฮ๐}, ๐), we have
โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐โฅ ๐ดฮโ๐ฅโ๐
= ๐๐ตฮโ๐ฅโ๐
โฅ ๐โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐
= ๐โ๐ฟ({ฮ๐(๐ฅ)})โ๐๐.
In the following result, we provide a necessary and sufficient condition for a
๐ โBanach frame, in terms of ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence.
Theorem 4.5. Let ({ฮ๐}, ๐) ({ฮ๐} โ ๐ (๐, ๐ป), ๐: ๐๐ โ ๐) be a ๐ โBanach frame
for ๐ with respect to ๐๐. Let {ฮ๐} โ ๐ (๐, ๐ป) be a sequence of operators such that
{ฮ๐ + ฮ๐} is a ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence for ๐ with respect to ๐๐ and with bound
๐พ < โ๐โโ1 . Then, there exists a reconstruction operator ๐: ๐๐ โ ๐ such that
({ฮ๐}, ๐) is a ๐ โBanach frame for ๐ with respect to ๐๐ if and only if there exists
a bounded linear operator ๐ฟ: ๐๐ โ ๐๐ such that ๐ฟ({ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}) = {ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}, ๐ฅ โ ๐.
On G-Banach Bessel Sequences in Banach Spaces 5139
Proof. Let ({ฮ๐}, ๐) be a ๐ โBanach frame for ๐ wih respect to ๐๐. Let ๐: ๐ โ ๐๐
be the coefficient mapping given by ๐(๐ฅ) = {ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}, ๐ฅ โ ๐. Then ๐ฟ = ๐๐: ๐๐ โ
๐๐ is a bounded linear operator such that ๐ฟ({ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}) = {ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}, ๐ฅ โ ๐.
Conversely, by hypothesis {ฮ๐(๐ฅ)} โ ๐๐, ๐ฅ โ ๐. Also, for each ๐ฅ โ ๐, we
have
(โ๐โโ1 โ ๐พ)โ๐ฅโ๐ = โ๐โโ1โ๐ฅโ๐ โ ๐พโ๐ฅโ๐
โค โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐โ โ{(ฮ๐ + ฮ๐)(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐
โค โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐
โค โ{(ฮ๐ + ฮ๐)(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐+ โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐
โค โ๐โโ๐ฅโ๐ + ๐พโ๐ฅโ๐
= (โ๐โ + ๐พ)โ๐ฅโ๐,
where ๐ is a coefficient mapping.
Now, put ๐ = ๐๐ฟ . Then ๐: ๐๐ โ ๐ is a bounded linear operator such that
๐({ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}) = ๐ฅ, ๐ฅ โ ๐. Hence ({ฮ๐}, ๐) is a ๐ โBanach frame for ๐ with respect
to ๐๐ and frame bounds (โ๐โโ1 โ ๐พ) and (โ๐โ + ๐พ).
Next, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence
to be a ๐ โBanach frame.
Theorem 4.6 Let ({ฮ๐}, ๐) ({ฮ๐} โ ๐ (๐, ๐ป), ๐: ๐๐ โ ๐) be a ๐ โBanach frame
for ๐ with respect to ๐๐. Let {ฮ๐} โ ๐ (๐, ๐ป) be a ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence for
๐ with respect to ๐๐ . Let ๐: ๐๐ โ ๐๐ be a bounded linear operator such that
๐({ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}) = {ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}, ๐ฅ โ ๐. Then, there exists a reconstruction operator ๐: ๐๐ โ
๐ such that ({ฮ๐}, ๐) is a ๐ โBanach frame for ๐ with respect to ๐๐ if and only if
there exists a constant ๐ > 0 such that
โ{(ฮ๐ โ ฮ๐)(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐โค ๐โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐
, ๐ฅ โ ๐.
Proof. Let ๐พ > 0 be a constant such that
โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐โค ๐พโ๐ฅโ๐ , ๐ฅ โ ๐.
Let ๐ดฮ be a lower bound for the ๐ โBanach frame for ({ฮ๐}, ๐). Then
๐ดฮโ๐ฅโ๐ โค โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐
โค โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐+ โ{(ฮ๐ โ ฮ๐)(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐
โค (1 + ๐)โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐.
Put ๐ = ๐๐, then ๐: ๐๐ โ ๐ is a bounded linear operator such that ๐({ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}) =
5140 Ghanshyam Singh Rathore and Tripti Mittal
๐ฅ, ๐ฅ โ ๐. Hence ({ฮ๐}, ๐) is a ๐ โBanach frame for ๐ with respect to ๐๐.
Conversely, let ๐ดฮ, ๐ตฮ; ๐ดฮ, ๐ตฮ be bounds for the ๐ โ Banach frames
({ฮ๐}, ๐) and ({ฮ๐}, ๐), respectively. Then
๐ดฮโ๐ฅโ๐ โค โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐โค ๐ตฮโ๐ฅโ๐ , ๐ฅ โ ๐
and
๐ดฮโ๐ฅโ๐ โค โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐โค ๐ตฮโ๐ฅโ๐ , ๐ฅ โ ๐.
Therefore
โ{(ฮ๐ โ ฮ๐)(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐โค โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐
+ โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐
โค (๐ตฮ + ๐ตฮ)โ๐ฅโ๐
โค ๐โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐, ๐ฅ โ ๐,
where ๐ =1
๐ดฮ(๐ตฮ + ๐ตฮ).
5. STABILITY OF ๐ฎ โBANACH BESSEL SEQUENCES
In the following result, we show that ๐ โBanach Bessel sequences are stable under
small perturbation of given ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence.
Theorem 5.1. Let {ฮ๐} โ ๐ (๐, ๐ป) be a ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence for ๐ with
respect to ๐๐ and let {ฮ๐} โ ๐ (๐, ๐ป) be such that {ฮ๐(๐ฅ)} โ ๐๐, ๐ฅ โ ๐ . Then
{ฮ๐} is a ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence for ๐ with respect to ๐๐, if there exist non-
negative constants ๐, ๐ (๐ < 1) and ๐ฟ such that
โ{(ฮ๐ โ ฮ๐)(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐โค ๐โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐
+ ๐โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐+ ๐ฟโ๐ฅโ๐ , ๐ฅ โ ๐.
Proof. Let ๐ be the Bessel bound for the ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence {ฮ๐}. Then
โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐โค โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐
+ โ{(ฮ๐ โ ฮ๐)(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐
= (1 + ๐)๐โ๐ฅโ๐ + ๐โ{ฮ๐(๐ฅ)}โ๐๐+ ๐ฟโ๐ฅโ๐ , ๐ฅ โ ๐
โค ((1 + ๐)๐ + ๐ฟ
1 โ ๐) โ๐ฅโ๐ , ๐ฅ โ ๐.
Hence {ฮ๐} โ ๐ (๐, ๐ป) is a ๐ โBanach Bessel sequence for ๐ with respect to ๐๐.
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