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Older Driver Task Force
SUPPORTING SAFE
DRIVING INTO OLD AGE
A National Older Driver Strategy
C G B (Kit) Mitchell
Set up in January 2015 by the
Road Safety Foundation,
encouraged by Department
for Transport and funded by
Ageas Insurance
Chairman John Plowman
Report published July 2016 at
http://www.roadsafetyfoundation.org/news/2016/7/4/
making-older-drivers-safer-for-longer.aspx
The goal was: “To develop a
National Older Drivers Strategy
to improve the advice, self-help
and technology available to
support the fast growing number
of older drivers.”
Number of drivers
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Ca
r d
rivin
g lic
en
ce
s, m
illio
ns
CAR DRIVERS BY AGE, GREAT BRITAIN
20-29
40-49
60-69
70-79
80+
70+
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
Perc
enta
ge o
f drivers
who h
ave
let
licence lapse
.
Age
PERCENTAGE OF CAR DRIVERS WHOSE LICENCE HAS LAPSED
Women
Men
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Perc
enta
ge o
f lic
ence h
old
ers
w
ith
num
ber
of
car
driver
trip
s .
Driver age
0
1 - 5
6 - 11
12 and more
Trips in 1 week diary
Percentage of female car drivers by number
of car driver trips recorded in survey week
Importance of driving
About 70% of all adult trips
are by car
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
Perc
enta
ge o
f all
trip
s
Age group
Car trips as percentage of all trips 2013-14
Men - drivers and passengers
Women - drivers and passengers
Men - drivers only
Women - drivers only
The percentage of older people
is higher in low density areas
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000Pe
rce
nta
ge
of
po
pu
latio
n a
ge
d
70
an
d o
ve
r
Population density, persons per sq.km.
Percentage of persons aged 70 and over Great Britain 2014
West Somerset
Christchurch
Older driver safety
0
5
10
15
20
25
Drivinglicences
Milesdriven
Allcasualties
Deaths
Pe
rce
nta
ge
of
all
ca
r d
rive
rs
CAR DRIVERS AGED 70+ PERCENTAGES
13%
9% 7%
20%
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Perc
ent
of casualtie
s w
ho d
ie.
Age
PERCENT FATALITY OF CAR USER CASUALTIES 2010 - 14
Female car occupants
Male car occupants
0
20
40
60
80
100
16-19 20-2430-3940-4950-5960-6970-79 80+
Pe
rce
nta
ge
of
ca
rs b
y s
ize
Owner age
Size of cars by owners age – women 2013-14
Mini & supermini Lower medium
Upper medium Luxury, sports & MPV
16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- 70- 80+
19 29 39 49 59 69 79
Danger to other road users
Drivers aged 70 and over are
involved in fewer car crashes
than any 10 year group of car
drivers aged less than 70
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
17-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70 andover
Num
ber
of
car
dri
vers
in
volv
ed in c
rashes
Driver age
Car crashes, Great Britain 2014
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
17-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70 andover
Num
be
r o
f car
drivers
in
volv
ed
in
cra
shes p
er
1000 d
rivin
g lic
ences
Driver age
Car crashes per driver, Great Britain 2014
Older drivers kill fewer
pedestrians
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
17-20 25-29 35-39 45-49 55-59 65-69 75-80
Pede
str
ians k
illed b
y c
ars
20
10
-20
14
Driver age
Pedestrians killed by cars 2010 to 2014
17- 21- 25- 30- 35- 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- 75- 81-
20 24 29 34 39 44 49 54 59 64 69 74 79 99
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Casualty r
ate
s p
er
driver
per
year
Driver age
CASUALTY RATES FOR CAR DRIVERS - 2014
Deaths per 100 million licences
All casualties per million licences
We now have data from
Ageas on insurance claims
Insurance claims by Ageas policy holders
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
200,000
220,000
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Cla
ims p
er
mill
ion p
olic
ies
Driver age
2013 persons
2014 persons
2015 persons
Average cost of insurance claims
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Ave
rage
cla
im s
ize £
Driver age
2013 persons
2014 persons
2015 persons
Average 2013-15
Types of accident
Older drivers are less likely
to have accidents because
they speed
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Perc
enta
ge
of fa
tal car
accid
en
ts
.
with
spee
d a
s a
causal fa
cto
r
.
Driver age
PERCENTAGE OF FATAL CAR ACCIDENTS THAT ARE SPEED-RELATED
Older drivers are more likely
to have accidents because of
right of way violations
0
10
20
30
40
50
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90Perc
en
tage
of fa
tal ca
r a
ccid
en
ts
Driver age
Percentage of fatal accidents that involve right of way violations
Drivers are more likely
to have fatal accidents
at junctions after age 60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Perc
ent
of cra
shes
Driver age
Percentage of car crashes at junctions
All severity
Fatal
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Pe
rce
nt o
f a
ll ca
r cra
sh
es
Driver age
Car driver fatal crashes 2013
Roundabouts
Crossroads
T or staggered
Junction type
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Perc
ent
of cra
shes
Driver age
Car driver killed and serious (KSI) crashes at crossroads 2012-14
total
traffic signal
give way sign orno sign
The percentage of crashes
that involve turning right
across traffic increases
after age 50
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Perc
ent
of all
KS
I accid
ents
.
Driver age
Killed and serious car accidents 2013
On bend
Turning right
Slowing or stopping
Overtaking
Changing lane
On average, problems seem
to develop after age 75 or 80
Around 5 – 15% of older
drivers are outliers in various
performance tests
4.0
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
5.0
5.2
5.4
50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
Ra
tin
g fo
r m
an
oe
uvre
s
Driver age
Rating for manoeuvres Rabbitt et al, DfT RSR 29
Male drivers
Female drivers
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
0.33 0.67 1.00 1.33 1.67 2.00 2.33 2.67 3.00 3.33 3.67 4.00 4.33 4.67 5.00 5.33 5.67 6.00
Num
ber
of subje
cts
.
Reaction time (seconds)
HAZARD PERCEPTION REACTION TIMES VTI Report 656A, Figure 24 Levin et al
Older subjects (65 - 81)
Younger subjects (27 - 55)
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1 2 3 4 5
Num
ber
of subje
cts
.
Score for risk category
RISK SCORES FROM UFOV TESTS VTI Report 656A, Levin et al
Young (27 - 55)
Old (65 - 81)
Very low Low Moderate Moderate to High
risk risk risk high risk risk
Driver assessment
- A package of measures is needed
to maintain the confidence of safe
drivers and identify unsafe drivers
for re-training or loss of licence;
- The Hampshire model of workshops,
voluntary appraisals, mobility centre
assessments and a specialist NDOR
course has much to commend it.
Licence renewal
There is no evidence of any
safety benefits of a more testing
process for licence renewal than
that currently used in Britain (or
the similar system in Sweden);
Can we help older drivers by
improving road design?
Protected entry slip – M27
junction 10 onto the A32 near Fareham
Small roundabouts at T-junctions
Large font direction signs, Florida
Finally, Britain compares well
with most other countries
0
50
100
150
200
250
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Death
s p
er
mill
ion d
rivin
g lic
ences.
DRIVER FATALITY RATE PER LICENCE
USA all drivers& m/c age 75+
Sweden cardrivers age 75+
Britain cardrivers age 70+
Québec driversaged 75+
France cardrivers age 70+
(assumed licence
holding)
Key points
- Older drivers are not a significant
threat to other road users, but are at
risk themselves because of fragility;
- Older drivers have a pattern of
accidents that is different from that
for young and middle-aged drivers;
- Highway design can be improved to
make driving easier and safer;
Key points (continued)
- A package of measures is needed to
maintain the confidence of safe
drivers and identify unsafe drivers
for re-training or loss of licence;
- Ways to improve cars to better
protect older occupants, particularly
females, should be developed.
Recommendations
1. Raising the age for drivers to notify the
DVLA from 70 to 75 - if the requirement for an
eye sight test is made compulsory
2. Requiring the DVLA to get evidence of an
eyesight test at licence renewal
3. Asking a consumer body to prepare specific
advice on car safety features for older drivers
4. Improving road design, signs and markings
to aid older drivers
Recommendations
5. Evaluating existing driving appraisal courses
and improving information provided to older
drivers, their families, and medical professionals
6. Piloting new products which offer an
alternative to driving for older people.
7. Pooling insurer data and research into major
claims involving older drivers to understand the
detailed causes.
Questions?
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Casualty r
ate
s p
er
dis
tance d
riven
Driver age
CASUALTY RATES FOR CAR DRIVERS - 2014
Deaths per 100 billion miles
All casualties per billion miles
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Casualty r
ate
s p
er
driver
trip
Driver age
CASUALTY RATES FOR CAR DRIVERS - 2014
Deaths per 100 billion trips
All casualties per billion trips
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Casualtie
s p
er
mill
ion lic
ences .
CAR DRIVER ALL SEVERITY RATES
Sweden age 75and over
Québec driversage 75+
USA all driversand m/c age 75+
Britain age 80and over
Britain age 70and over
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