nuclear fission in nuclear power plant

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CAREER POINT UNIVERSITY

POWER ENGINEERING Nuclear Power Plant

Nuclear Fission

Submitted to- Submitted by-Mr Kamal Arora Garima Bisht

Dean Electrical 3rdyear/5th sem

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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Contents• Introduction• Current status in India• Nuclear Power Plant a.) System Components b.)Nuclear fuel c.)Working of Power Plant d.)Processes in nuclear Power Plant• Life cycle of Nuclear Power Plant• Flexibility of nuclear power station• Future power stations

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Introduction•  Atomic pile.

• Thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor .

•  Release nuclear energy[  to generate heat

• Use uranium as fuel.

• Splitting of atoms is called fission.

• Most popular atoms to fission are uranium and plutonium.

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Current Status in India

• fourth-largest source of electricity in India after thermal, hydroelectric and renewable sources of electricity

• Total 21 nuclear reactors in operation in 7 nuclear power plants while 6 more reactors are under construction 

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Nuclear Power plant • System Components a.) Nuclear reactors

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b.) Steam turbine

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c.)Generator

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• Cooling System

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• Safety valves

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• Feed Water Pump

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• Emergency Power Supply

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Nuclear fuels

•

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Working of Power Plant

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Processes in Nuclear Power Plant

a.) Nuclear Fission

b.) Nuclear Fusion

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Nuclear Fission

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•  Fission reactors can be divided roughly into two classes, depending on the energy of the neutrons that sustain the fission chain reaction:

• Thermal-neutron reactor

• Fast-neutron reactor

• Neutron poisons 

•  Neutron moderators a.) Regular (light) water (in 74.8% of the world's reactors) b.) Solid graphite (20% of reactors) c.) heavy water (5% of reactors)

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• Nuclear chain reaction• U235 + n → fission + 2 or 3 n + 200 MeV

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Life Cycle of Nuclear fuels•  Uranium ore is extracted, usually converted into a stable and compact form such

as yellowcake• Yellowcake is converted to uranium hexafluoride.•  Enriched uranium ( more than the natural 0.7% U-235)  used to make rods of the proper

composition and geometry

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Flexibility of Nuclear Power Plant

•  Fuel cost of operations is smaller  than the fuel cost for operation of coal or gas plants

• Short-term Flexibility

• Long-Term Flexibility

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Future of Power Plants•  Generation IV reactors

• MWe European Pressurized Reactor

• Floating nuclear power station.

• V. C. Summer Nuclear Power Station

•  Thorium-based nuclear power